4. Child Health

Target 5: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990

and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

•Indicators

13. Under-five mortality rate (UNICEF-WHO)

14. Infant mortality rate (UNICEF-WHO)

15. Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against measles (UNICEF-WHO)

itzi

Malaria8%

Measles4%

HIV/AIDS3%

Injures3%

Other10%

Neonatal36%

Pneumonia19%

Diarrhoea17%

UnderNutrition

53%

itzi

Pneumonia: A severe respiratory infection, kills more than 2 million children each year. Pneumonia accounts for almost one in five deaths of children under five years of age, only one in five caregivers in developing countries can recognize the danger signs of pneumonia.

Diarrhoea: Caused by germs that are swallowed, causes severe dehydration and kills an estimated 1.9 million children under–five years of age each year. Unsafe drinking water, inadequate availability of water for hygiene and lack of access to sanitation together contribute to 88 per cent of under–five deaths from diarrhoea diseases.

andrea

Malaria: Kills over 1 million people and sickens

between 350 million and 500 million people each

year.

Children with malaria, a parasitic, mosquito–borne

disease, typically develop

fever, vomiting, headache and flu–like symptoms

one to two weeks after being bitten. If not treated

promptly with effective medicines, malaria can kill.

Measles: Spreads through airborne droplets that

circulate in infected coughs and sneezes.

The best way to prevent measles is to get

vaccinated with the safe and effective measles

vaccine.

raul

HIV and AIDS: are directly affecting millions of children, adolescents and young people.

Scale–up for children is not advancing as rapidly as it is for adults. The provision of antiretro virals to pregnant women living with HIV can reduce the transmission during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding to levels below 2 per cent, yet coverage is still below 10 per cent.

Under–nutrition: is an underlying cause in more than half (53 per cent) of the 10.5 million child deaths each year. When it does not kill, malnutrition can leave children mentally and physically impaired. Illness, insufficient breastfeeding and shortfalls of food and micronutrients are the most immediate causes of under–nutrition.

Malpica

Congenital Anomalies

8%

Tetanus7%

Diarrhoea3%

Other7%

Pre-term Birth27%

Severe Infections

25%

Birth Asphyxia

23%

itzi