MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT’S GOALS

World leaders came together in New York on 25 September 2008 for a high-level event convened by the UN Secretary-General and the President of the UN General Assembly to renew commitments to achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 and to set out concrete plans and practical steps for action.

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT’S EIGHT GOALS

1. End hunger

2. Universal education

3. Gender equity

4. Child health

5. Maternal health

6. Combat HIV/AIDS and other diseases

7. Environmental Sustainability

8. Global Partnership

1.- End hunger

Reduce those suffering from hunger &

poverty by half.

2.- Universal education

Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling.

3.- Gender equity

Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education

4.- Child health

Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate of children under five.

5.- Maternal health

Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio

6.- Combat HIV / AIDS

Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other diseases

7.- Environmental sustainability

Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and

programs

8.- Global partnership

Develop open trading and financial systems that are non-discriminatory

MANDALA

Mandala (Sanskrit maṇḍala "essence" + "having" or "containing", also translates as "circle-circumference" or "completion", both derived from the Tibetan term dkyil khor) is a concentric diagram having spiritual and ritual significance in both Buddhism and Hinduism. The term is of Hindu origin and appears in the Rig Veda as the name of the sections of the work, but is also used in other Indian religions, particularly Buddhism. In the Tibetan branch of Vajrayana Buddhism, mandalas have been developed into sandpainting.

Buddhist mandala

MANDALAS IN HISTORY

Neolithic

Society changes from nomadic to sedentary.

The most important example is Stonehenge (England).

MANDALAS IN HISTORY

Ancient Egypt

There are some pictures in pyramids, representing mandalas.

They are elements of concentration.

MANDALAS IN HISTORY

India

Mandalas have an enormous importance in countries like India and Tibet.

Full of symbolism, they are usually very complex pictures.

MANDALAS IN HISTORY

Tibet

Mandalas appear in the eighth century (B.C.)

They are part of Tibetan’s ceremonies and education.

MANDALAS IN HISTORY

Europe

Mandalas are used in sacred buildings, for example in gothic cathedrals.

Color Symbolism

BLUE

• Coolness

• Infinity

• Ascension

• Purity

• Healing

BLACK

•Primordial

•Darkness

•Hate ,

WHITE

• Learning

• Knowledge

• Purity

• Longevity

RED

• Life force

• Preservation

• The sacred

• Blood

• Fire

GREEN

• Balance

• Harmony

• Vigor

• Youth

• Action

YELLOW

• Rootedness

• Renunciation

• Earth

EUNATE BHI

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, 2009

Music: Travelin' Soldier (Dixie Chicks)