Brain Imaging Studies and Design of Platform in Japan

NI international workshop At RIKEN Ohkochi memorial hallDecember 1, 2004

Ryoji Suzuki (Human Information System LaboratoryKanazawa Institute of Technology)

Cooperated byDr.Kazuhisa Niki(National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)Dr.Norio Fujimaki, Dr.HideoEda, Dr.Yasushi Terazono(National Institute of Information and Communication Technology)

Brain Imaging has become one of key technologiesfor the study of human brain mechanisms.

It is not just neo-phrenology.

1.Non-exhaustive review of activities in brain imaging technologies in Japan

2.Some examples of brain imaging study which will elucidatedynamical aspects of brain functions by using new methods

3.Potentiality of forming Japan node in brain imaging

ＮＩ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｗｏｒｋｓｈｏｐ ２００４ ａｔ ＲＩＫＥＮ

fMRI studies by high-field (>3T)MRI at more than 10 institutes4T at BSI, RIKEN in 1996 (earliest)7T at CIHBS, University of Niigata in 2002

Most of these machines are imported from abroad,although the principle of BOLD methodwas found by Japanese scientist, Dr.Seiji Ogawaat Bell Lab.

Ogawa Lab. for Brain Function Research for developingthe new utility technology of MRI was established in 2001in Tokyo.

MEG More than 30 imported machines have been installed. Pioneering studies at National Institute for Physiological Science at Okazaki since 1991

MITI Project. Development of MEG machine at Super-conducting Sensor Laboratory, jointed by ETL, Yokogawa,Shimadzu, Hitachi and other companies since 1990

256-channel MEG in 1994

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256ch MEG system bySuperconducting Sensor Lab. Project

システム技術の課題分析

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Sensor Array position

計測器としてのMEG System

JST Project. Development of New MEG for Deep Brain Region jointed by Applied Electronics Lab of KIT, Yokogawa, Eagle Tech.

320-channel New MEG in 2003

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The systems developed by Applied Electronics Lab. , KITare installed at five sites.

Keio University Osaka City University Medical School

Masachusettes Institiute of Technology

Kanazawa Institute of Technology

PTB

計測器としてのMEG System

New MEG system for Deep Brain

Magnetic Shield Room

New MEG system

SQUID Driving Circuits

320 channel sensors driver

Analog Signal Processor

External magnetic noise canceller

Data Logger

Max 640 channel

Vector Magnetometer Gradiometer(base line 50cm）

Sensor Composition

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＋Ｒｅｆ（３ｃｈ）

Sensory Array,Waves of evoked magnetic field and ECD locations.

S1c-N20m, S1-P40mS2cHipp

Hamada,Y.,Sugino,K.Kado,H.,Suzuki,R.Hippocampus(in press)

Magnetic fields in the humanhippocampal area evoked by

a somatosensory “oddball task”.

NIRS(Near Infrared Spectroscopy)

Commercial Products from Japanese CompaniesAre available.Hitachi, Shimadzu, Hamamatsu Photonics

Many research groups are using NIRS because of itsconvenience. However, the basic study on the relationbetween NIRS signals and brain functions are still required. NICT and other Institutes are challenging.

Standardization (JEITA)Terminology in Japanese languageThe unit of hemoglobin parametersCalibration protocol of instruments

Optical Measuring Technology for Brain Functions

Near Infrared SpectroscopyOPTIM A

Time Resolved OpticalMeasuring System

光脳機能計測の理論的解析の徹底

Time resolved analysisTime resolved analysis

1ns1ns

3ns3ns

5ns5ns

5ns5ns

時間分解型光脳機能計測法による高時空間分解能の実現時間分解型光脳機能計測法による高時空間分解能の実現

fMRIで検出困難な脳活動への光計測による取り組み（体性感覚野のパラドキシカルな賦活）fMRIで検出困難な脳活動への光計測による取り組み（体性感覚野のパラドキシカルな賦活）

Brain Information GroupNational Institute of Information & Communication Technology

PETBrain Imaging Project at National Institute of Radiological Science in Chiba

Imaging studies of mental disorders and brain functions using PET, MRI and fMRI

Data Base Project for Japanese Standard of FDG PET images for Dementia and othersAt Medical and Pharmacological Research Center inIshikawa(MPRC).

By Dr.Yajima: MPRC In Ishikawa

Some examples of Brain Imaging StudiesWhich will elucidate the dynamical aspects of brainFunctions by using of new analytical methods andIntegrated Imaging Technology.

(1) fMRI of ‘Aha!’ reaction (“Insight” of problem solving)by K.Niki (AIST) integrated with EEG study

(2) MEG study on neural coding of colorby Dr.Y.Tamori(KIT) with gICA

(3) fMRI-constrained MEG study on language processingby N.Fujimaki(NICT) and Be-fMRI study on brain activities during Sleep State by S.Miyauchi(NICT)

(4) fMRI study on mechanism of switching multiple internalmodels by H.Imamizu(ATR)

Some Examples of activities of several centers, Each of which has started the integrated researches On brain imaging and has potentiality to organize Japan node for NI in brain imaging field

Research and Education Center for Brain Science (RECBS)At Hokkaido University (2003). MEG+Optical +fMRI

Center for Integrated Human Brain Science(CIHBS) At University of Niigata. 3T and 7T MRI , diffusion tensor

The New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHE)At Tohoku University.

Riken MRI, MEG and Optical MappingUniv.of Tokyo 400channel MEG(Yokogawa)

MRI, NIRSAIST(Tsukuba) MEG, MRI,Tokyo Denki Univ. MEGNIRS(Chiba) PETNIPS(Okazaki) MEG, MRIATR(Kyoto) MRI

(Open) Brain Activity Imaging CenterKyoto Univ. MRIOsaka Univ. MRIAIST(Ikeda, Osaka) MEGNICT(Kobe) MEG, MRI, NIRS

(Open) Brain Information Group

Sapporo

Sendai

Niigata

TsukubaAIST

TokyoChiba

Wako

Nagoya

Okazaki

Kanazawa

Akita

Fukui

Kyoto

NaraATR

Osaka

KobeNICT

OkayamaHiroshima

MatsuyamaFukuoka

Riken

Tokushima

Potentiality of Brain Imaging Technologies

Based on the computational modelsWith powerful analytical methodsWith sophisticated experimental design

With cellular and genetic methods-- > Unified view of the role of human brainIn supporting the mind (Posener 2003)