8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

1/32

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE

AND ORGANIZATION

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

2/32

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

3/32

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

4/32

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

5/32

What do they have in common?

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

6/32

Learning 0utcomes

At the of the lesson, students should be able to

1. Draw and label an animal cell and plant cell

2. Identify and list 12 cellular components of

animal cell and plant cell3. State the function of 12 cellular components in

both cell

4. Compare and contrast an animal cell and a

plant cell5. Relate the density of certain organelles with

the function of specific cell

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

7/32

What is The Cell

Basic unit of life

Building blocks of which living things are

made.

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

8/32

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

9/32

2.1 Cell Structure And Function

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

10/32

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

11/32

Cellular components of animal and

plant cells

The living component of a cell is called

protoplasm.

Consist of cytoplasm and nucleus.

Surrounded by plasma membrane.

In plant cell,-plus outer boundary called

cell wall. Can be seen under light microscope.

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

12/32

Under new and improved microscope,

scientist are able to see cellular

components in greater detail.

We can see organelles.

Organelles are bodies with specialized

functions, suspended in cytoplasm.

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

13/32

Plasma membrane

Made of protein and phospholipid

Semi permeable and acts as selective

barrier

Separates the content of cell with the

outer environment

Regulates movement of substances in andout of cytoplasm

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

14/32

Cell wall

Rigid outer layer that surround the plasmamembrane

Compose of cellulose, a tough and fibrous

carbohydrate Permeable to all fluid

Give shape to plant cell

Provide mechanical support Protect plant cell from rupturing due to

excessive intake of water

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

15/32

Cytoplasm

Region between nucleus and plasma

membrane

Consist of jelly like matrix in which

organelles are suspended.

Contain organic and inorganic substances

Medium for biochemical reaction Provide substances obtained from

external environment to the organelles

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

16/32

Nucleus

A large, dense, spherical organelle enclosed by

nuclear envelope

Contain nucleoplasm and nucleolus

Nucleoplasm contain chromatin

Chromosomes carry genetic information-

determine characteristic and function of cell

Conrol all activities take place in cell

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

17/32

Vacuole

Fluid-filled sacs which is surrounded by

tonoplast

Storage place in a cell-water, organic acid,

amino acid, mineral salt, waste product

Cell sap provide support for herbaceous

plant

Contractile vacuole help regulate water

balance

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

18/32

Mitochondria

Small spherical/cylindrical-shaped

organelle

Involve in cellular respiration and release

energy

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

19/32

Ribosomes

Compact spherical organelle

Attached to RER or suspended freely in

cytoplasm

Site of protein synthesis

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

20/32

Endoplasmic reticulum

Network of folded membrane forming

interconnected tubules or sacs

RER and SER

RER- transport protein made by ribosome

SER- synthesis of lipid and detoxification

of drug and poison.

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

21/32

Golgi apparatus

Stack of flattened membranous sacs

Processing, packaging and transporting

centre of carbohydrate, protein,

phospholipid and glycoprotein

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

22/32

Lysosomes

Membrane bound sac

Contain hydrolytic enzymes-digest

macromolecules

Eliminate worn out cell and damaged

organelles.

Digest bacteria

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

23/32

Centrioles

Pair of small cylindrical structures located

just outside nucleus

Composed of microtubules

Absent in plant cell

Involve in cell division

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

24/32

Chloroplast Lens shaped

Contain green pigment chlorophyll

Chlorophyll trap sunlight and convert lightenergy into chemical energy during

photosynthesis

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

25/32

ACTIVITY 1

Matching the cellular components

of animal and plant cells to theirfunctions.

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

26/32

Comparison between the structure

of animal and plant cells

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

27/32

ACTIVTY 2

Comparing the structure of animal

and plants cell

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

28/32

Discussion

Animal cell Similarities Plant cell

Both cells have nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes, rough ER, smooth

ER, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria

DifferencesAnimal cell Plant cell

Flexible/irregular Shape Fixed/regular

Absent Cell wall Present

No large sap vacuole, ifpresent is very small

Vacuole Large sap vacuole in the centreof cell

Absent Chloroplast Present

Glycogen Stored food Starch

Present Centriole Absent

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

29/32

The density of organelles in specific

cells

Animal and plant are made of differenttypes of cells which perform differentfunction.

For example, nerve cells send nerveimpulses and red blood cell transportoxygen.

Abundance of certain organelles is relatedto the function of specific cells and theactivity of the organism.

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

30/32

ACTIVITY 3

Relating the density of certain

organelles with the specificfunctions of specific cells

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

31/32

Discussion

Cell Function Organelles

Sperm cell Swim toward the ovumduring fertilisation

Mitochondria

Muscle cell in bird andinsect

Move their wing whenflying

Mitochondria

Liver cell Detoxify drugs and poison Mitochondria

Pancreatic cells Synthesize and secreteenzymes and hormones

Rough ER

Mesophyll palisade cells Carry out photosynthesis Chloroplast

Cells in meristem Divide actively to producenew cells during growth

Mitochondria

Guard cells and spongymesophyll cells

Carry out photosynthesis Chloroplast

8/14/2019 BIO BAB2 2.1

32/32

CONCLUSION

Cell

Cellular components/organelles

Function of cellular

component/organelles

Function of specific

cells

Density of organelle

related to