An Instructional Design Model

Kelly M. HanleyNorthwestern State University

ETEC 5760041.ETEC.5760.021

Spring 2004hanleyk@email.com

Defining Instructional Design:

The process through which an educator determines the best teaching methods for specific learners in a specific context, attempting to obtain a specific goal.

-Walter Dick and Lou Carey

Model Developers:Walter Dick and Lou Carey

A non-linear learning model that provides for objective-based instruction to students.

Educators have the freedom to design their instruction so that they may cross the 6 steps of the learning model.

Step 1: Assess Instructional Needs Your curriculum guides and benchmarks will be your

most logical starting point. They can also help you answer:

1. Who are your students?

2. What prior subject knowledge do you

expect these students to have?

3. What are your instructional objectives?

Step 2: Analyze Learners The students cum folders and documentation records from the

previous teachers will be a big help to you here. They can also help you answer these questions:

1. What are your student’s learning

styles?

2. How have you student’s socioeconomic

circumstances affected their academic

performance?

3. What are your student’s ages, races, and

primary language?

Step 3: Write Learning Objectives Objectives must be clear and specific to

what the learner will be able to accomplish at the end of the instructional period.

Some things to keep in mind: 1. Your test items should come from your objectives. 2. Know what your activity goals are. 3. Know what you want your students to be able to demonstrate. 4. Objectives are written from skill and task performances.

Step 4: Select Instructional Strategies Educators may borrow elements of R. Gagne’s Nine Events

of Instruction to organize those “teachable moments.” 1. Gain Attention- getting a student’s full focus is half the battle. 2. Inform Learners of Objectives- tell the students what they are going to learn today. 3. Stimulate Recall to Prior Learning- connect today’s lesson to one from past learning experiences.

Step 4: Select Instructional Strategies Continued

4. Present the Content- teach your skills. 5. Provide Learner Guidance- examples, examples, and more examples. 6. Elicit Learner Guidance- let it be a student lead question and answer period ending with assigned homework. 7. Provide Feedback- teachers will interact with their students on an individual basis or in a cooperative group setting.

Step 4: Select Instructional Strategies Continued

8. Assess Learning- test time!

9. Enhance Retention and Transfer-

educators will re-teach the skill or add

an enrichment skill that will enhance the

learning situation.

Step 5: Develop Materials In this step educators need to be mindful of budgetary

concerns, what will be age-appropriate for their students, reliable and up-to-date resources, and what modifications will be needed for all students to have success with the learning experience.

Examples of materials would be: 1. textbooks 2. pre/post tests 3. worksheets 4. computer-based instructional learning 5. audio/visual aids 6. manipulatives

Step 6: Evaluate Instruction An educator must be able to evaluate his/her

lesson plan for what worked and what didn’t. This is not a conclusion made from the student’s assessment!

Ways to evaluate:

1. Keep a reflection journal.

2. Ask for a co-worker’s input.

3. Ask for your principal’s input.

Resources Broderick, Curtis L. (2001). Instructional Systems Design: What it’s all

about. Retrieved February 4, 2004, from http://www.geocities.com/ok_bcurt/ISDallabout.htm Elements of Instruction. (2003). Retrieved February 4, 2004, fromhttp://www.ion,illinois.edu/IONresources/instructionalDesign/instruction.asp

Reference Guide for Instructional Design and Development. (2002). Retrieved February 4, 2004, from http://www.ieee.org/organizations/eab/tutorials/refguide/mms01.htm