Aku Spill Management Revised1
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Transcript of Aku Spill Management Revised1
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AKU SPILL
MANAGEMENTPrevention, Assessment,Reporting and Cleanup
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Wards Area Spill Kit
Wards Area Spill Kit
Contents
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COMMON KINDS OF SPILL
CHEMICAL SPILLS: These include all chemicals i.e Cidex, spirit, acids, basesand drugs.
BIOLOGICAL SPILLS:These include blood & body fluids and other potentiallyinfectious materials.
CYTOTOXIC SPILLS: These include cytotoxic drugs. Likelihood: Wards /pharmacies such as D2, C1 and wards near to them.
MERCURY SPILLS:These include spills of mercury from B.P apparatus &thermometers.
SPILL MANAGMENT
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Chemical Spill Response
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Chemical Spill Response
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment likeGloves, Goggles, Vapor Masks, and Respirators etc. Check with pH paper see if it is acidic or basic nature
spill ( if the substance spilled is unknown). If the spill is acidic or basic then apply appropriate
neutralizer to the perimeter of the spill Mixthoroughly until neutralization is complete.
Check the mixture with pH paper to ensureneutralizalization is complete ( for Hypochlorite,
Cidex & Spirit neutralization is not needed, just washwith water).
After neutralization is done, put absorbent materialson the spill, scoop up the material & transfer mixture
into red polyethylene bag and tie shut & send forincineration. Wash and clean the area with water.
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How do hazardous chemicalsaffect the body?
The effect a certain chemical has on thebody depends on several factors:
The physical form of the chemical
How the chemical enters the body
The amount of chemical that actuallyenters the body - the dose
How toxic (poisonous) the chemical is
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How Chemicals Enter the BodyThere Are Three Routes of Entry:
Ingestion swallowing the chemical
Inhalation breathing in the chemical
Absorption the chemical soaks throughthe skin
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How Chemicals Enter the BodyIngestion (Swallowing)
Chemicals that are swallowed areabsorbed in the digestive tract.
Chemicals can rub off dirty handsand contaminate food, drinks ortobacco products.
Chemicals in the air can settle onfood or drink and be swallowed.
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How Chemicals Enter the BodyInhalation (Breathing)
Airborne chemicals are breathed inthrough the mouth or nose.
The size of particles or droplets canaffect where the chemical settles in therespiratory tract.
Where the chemical settles in therespiratory tract determines whatsymptoms or diseases will develop.
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How Chemicals Enter the BodySkin Absorption
Some chemicals can passthrough the skin and be taken
into the bodys systems.
Solvents and pesticides are
examples of compounds thatcan be absorbed through theskin.
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Chemical Toxicity
Chronic Toxicity and Acute ToxicitySome chemicals will only make yousick if you get an acute or high doseall at once. Example - ammonia
Some chemicals are mainly known fortheir chronic or long-term effects.
Example - asbestos
Most chemicals have both acute andchronic effects. Example carbon
monoxide 17
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Chemical Toxicity
Chemical Exposure Limits
Many chemicals have exposurelimits, or allowable amounts of achemical in the air.
These limits are often calledPELs or TLVs.
They are based on 8-hour average
exposure or ceiling or peak levels.
Levels must be kept below theselimits for safety.
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Material Safety Data Sheets
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Material Safety Data Sheets
Identity
name, address, andtelephone number ofthe manufacturer
date MSDS wasprepared
hazardouscomponents &exposure limits
physical andchemicalcharacteristics
physical hazards
health hazards
precautions for safehandling and use
control measures emergency and first-
aid procedures
primary route(s) of
exposure listed as a known or
suspectedcarcinogen
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BIOLOGICAL SPILLS
Put on 3M Face masks due to dissipation of aerosols inair then enter the area.
Use specific decontaminant like Sodium Hypochlorate /Sodium Thio Sulphate [ cyto spills] let it stand for 20
min. Put absorbent materials, collect and Transfer all
contaminated material into a red bag
Wash area with soap / detergent, water and collect withpaper towels and discard in red bag with disposablegloves and send for incineration
Wash hand and the effected person thoroughly, takeshower and change clothes.
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HIGH EFFICIENCY FILTERS
Filter that is at least 99.97%
efficient in removing
monodisperse particles of 0.3
micrometers in diameter.(HEPA filter per NIOSH 30 CFR
11)
Equivalent NIOSH 42 CFR 84
particulate filters are the N100,R100, and P100 filters.
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RED BINS FOR BIOLOGICAL SPILLNot acceptableMust be rigid, puncture-proof, leak-proof & covered
Labels have to be affixed on all 4 sides of the container.
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CYTOTOXIC DRUGSPILLSSMALL SPILLS:
1 ampoule or less than 100 ml Wear disposable chemotherapy gowns and a double layer of surgical latex
gloves. Use chemical splash goggles if necessary. Clean up liquids with absorbent pads or ether absorbent materials; clean up
solids by washing area twice with detergent solution decontaminant likeSodium Hypochlotate / Sodium Thio Sulphate. Follow with a clean water
rinse. Place all waste items, including any broken glass, used absorbent pads,
gown, gloves and any non-cleanable contaminated items in a punctureresistant chemotherapy waste container.
Wash any contaminated reusable items in a sink with detergent, followed bya clean water rinse. Wear double gloves.
LARGE SPILLS: Greater than 1 ampule or 100 ml Limit spread of spill by covering liquid with absorbent pads spill control
pillows, or other absorbent materials. Cover solids with a damp cloth ortowel. Care must be taken not to create aerosols.
Restrict access to the spill area. Fill incident report:
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Mercury is a Hazardous Material
Mercury (Hg) is ahazardous materialas defined by:
U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency
WisconsinDepartment ofNatural Resources
U.S. Dept. ofTransportation
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Mercury poisoning can result in
severe health problemsaffecting the nervous systemand other organs.
Tremors
Changes in vision or hearing Sleeplessness
Weakness
Difficulty with memory
Headaches
Anger
Shyness and nervousness
Mercury is a Toxic Substance
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Mercury Exposure & Prevention
Routes of exposure
Inhalation
Main hazard
Evaporates releasing
hazardous vapors
Skin absorption
Personal ProtectiveEquipment Required
Nitrile gloves
Safety glasses
Closed-toed shoes
Lab coat
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MERCURY SPILLS Evacuate the spill area, after people leave
make sure that their shoes clothing and otherarticles are not splashed with mercury.
Secure the area & restrict admission.
Lower the temperature, cooler thetemperature, the less mercury vapors that willbe released into the air.
Turn off ventilating / air circulating systemthat could circulate air from the spill area to
other areas
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MERCURY SPILLS Close interior doors, leading to inside areas and
open exterior doors & windows for force ventilationoutside.
Contain the spill, surround or block off mercury tokeep it from spreading onto sloped or porous surface
divert all the mercury from floor drains and cracks orcrevices.
Assemble clean up supplies, Hg absorb powder, or
powdered sulfur, zinc, paper tissues, plasticcontainer with lid, plastic dust pan, plastic sponge,masking tape, syringe.
Gloves, Flashlight, Floor sign, Plastic box, Red Bags.
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Dress appropriately; remove all the jewellery fromhands & wrists so that mercury does not combine
with precious metals (mercury amalgamates withprecious metals).
Pick all the visible droplets, clean up the mercury
beads using plastic squeegee / rubber sponge, indexcard, plastic dust pan, masking tape.
Transfer mercury into unbreakable plastic container
tighten the lid so that vapors do not escape.
Remove dispose off contaminated carpet/ clothesand other articles that come in contact.
MERCURY SPILLS
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MERCURY SPILLS Sprinkle fine powder sulfur / zinc on spill site; bind
any remaining mercury with these powders. Droplets
may also be detected by a sodium sulfide solution;this solution may also be sprayed on an affectedperson (but not the eyes, mucous membranes, orthe mouth). Any mercury present will show up asdark, reddish brown stains.
Put in land fill site do not dispose in trash
Wash hands using sulfur soaps, vinegar or hydrogenperoxide solution and the area with hypochloritesolution.
Continue ventilation of the area for 2 days.
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