5.2 Hardened Concrete Tests - State of Michigan · 5.2 Hardened Concrete Tests 5.2.1 Absorptivity,...

5.2 Hardened Concrete Tests

5.2.1 Absorptivity, F-T, Compressive Strength, and Maturity Several standard hardened concrete tests were performed on all mixtures, as listed below:

• Absorptivity, (ASTM C1585 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes).

• Freeze-thaw testing, (ASTM C666 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing, Procedure B – freezing surrounded by air).

• Compressive strength at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 90 days, (ASTM C39 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens).

The results from these tests are summarized in Tables 7-9. For the Phase III very low air content mixtures, the ASTM C666 F-T testing was expanded to also include freezing surrounded by water (Procedure A) and freezing surrounded by a 4.0 wt. % CaCl2 brine. The results from the three variations of ASTM C666 F-T test are listed in Table 10.

Maturity tests, (ASTM C1074 Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method) were performed only on the Phase II high air content and low air content mixtures, as summarized in Tables 11 and 12. For all mixtures, Figures 20-24 show compressive strength gain plots, Figures 25-29 show absorptivity plots, and Figures 30-36 plot changes in the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME) during F-T testing. Figures 37-39 plot changes in weight during F-T testing for the Phase III very low air content mixtures.

5.2.2 Additional F-T Testing

After completion of the F-T testing on the Phase II concrete mixtures, beams from the following Phase II concrete mixtures were selected for additional F-T testing under several variations of the Procedure A regimen, i.e. freezing surrounded by water, freezing surrounded by a 4.0 wt. % (0.72 mol/L Cl-) CaCl2 brine, and freezing surrounded by a 4.2 wt. % (0.72 mol/L Cl-) NaCl brine:

• HI-VR-PC-6SK-45WC • HI-VR-PC-5SK-45WC • LO-VR-PC-6SK-45WC

• LO-VR-PC-5SK-45WC • LO-VR-PC-6SK-50WC • LO-VR-PC-5.5SK-52WC

Table 13 summarizes the results of the extended F-T testing.

Impact of Hydrated Cement Paste Quality and Entrained Air-Void System on the Durability of Concrete: Final Report

29

Tab

le 7

: Har

dene

d co

ncre

te te

st r

esul

ts fo

r ab

sorp

tivity

, F-T

dur

abili

ty, a

nd c

ompr

essi

ve st

reng

th fo

r Ph

ase

II h

igh

air

cont

ent m

ixtu

res.

A

bsor

ptiv

ity (m

m2 /s

ec1/

2 )

F

-T

Com

pres

sive

Stre

ngth

(psi

)

Mix

ture

ID

Initi

al

Slop

e R

Se

cond

ary

Slop

e R

D

F @

30

0 C

ycle

s 1

day

3 da

ys

7 da

ys

14 d

ays

28 d

ays

90 d

ays

HI-

VR

-PC

-6SK

-45W

C

2.00

E-03

0.

996

8.71

E-04

0.

994

103

2122

34

22

3980

43

91

4811

54

77

HI-

VR

-PC

-6SK

-45W

C

1.71

E-03

0.

993

6.50

E-04

0.

993

103

2474

41

54

4659

50

27

5438

62

76

HI-

SYN

-PC

-6SK

-45W

C

2.22

E-03

0.

993

1.14

E-03

0.

997

103

2332

38

36

4534

51

99

5676

63

21

HI-

SYN

-PC

-6SK

-45W

C

2.30

E-03

0.

994

1.23

E-03

0.

997

103

2414

38

89

4628

49

52

5372

62

80

HI-

VR

-SLG

-6SK

-45W

C

1.34

E-03

0.

990

5.72

E-04

0.

992

103

1188

29

96

4488

51

76

5921

62

30

HI-

VR

-SLG

-6SK

-45W

C

1.81

E-03

0.

975

6.54

E-04

0.

989

103

1220

32

98

4803

57

41

5816

63

81

HI-

SYN

-SLG

-6SK

-45W

C

3.16

E-03

0.

980

6.27

E-04

0.

995

102

- -

5533

65

04

7097

74

91

HI-

SYN

-SLG

-6SK

-45W

C

2.84

E-03

0.

996

1.18

E-03

0.

998

103

- -

5386

62

92

6816

75

93

HI-

VR

-FA

-6SK

-45W

C

1.87

E-03

0.

961

4.30

E-04

0.

993

101

2512

38

77

4388

48

01

5047

60

26

HI-

VR

-FA

-6SK

-45W

C

1.80

E-03

0.

992

5.91

E-04

0.

991

99

2303

35

78

3900

44

80

4921

54

36

HI-

SYN

-FA

-6SK

-45W

C

3.18

E-03

0.

986

1.33

E-03

0.

992

101

1818

26

02

2870

33

77

3605

39

67

HI-

SYN

-FA

-6SK

-45W

C

3.49

E-03

0.

984

1.33

E-03

0.

994

98

1801

26

14

3259

33

19

3841

43

34

HI-

VR

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

2.52

E-03

0.

997

1.17

E-03

0.

995

101

2244

37

76

4610

46

77

5299

57

17

HI-

VR

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

1.96

E-03

0.

998

7.93

E-04

0.

997

101

2745

43

57

5132

53

96

5932

64

39

HI-

SYN

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

1.24

E-03

0.

988

4.79

E-04

0.

999

103

2218

37

92

4296

49

07

4631

54

17

HI-

SYN

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

9.92

E-04

0.

985

3.02

E-04

0.

999

103

2419

37

77

4873

51

46

5166

57

43

HI-

VR

-SLG

-5SK

-45W

C

9.04

E-04

0.

976

2.00

E-04

0.

995

104

854

3175

49

36

6015

67

95

7363

H

I-V

R-S

LG-5

SK-4

5WC

6.

63E-

04

0.97

8 1.

85E-

04

0.99

7 10

4 79

1 33

69

5678

68

17

7319

77

26

HI-

SYN

-SLG

-5SK

-45W

C

6.82

E-04

0.

981

1.28

E-04

0.

992

102

1230

38

92

5965

70

06

7520

90

03

HI-

SYN

-SLG

-5SK

-45W

C

5.22

E-04

0.

972

1.11

E-04

0.

971

102

945

3249

50

24

6114

67

30

9144

H

I-V

R-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

1.

33E-

03

0.99

0 7.

89E-

04

0.99

3 99

18

58

2949

37

17

4385

48

61

5386

H

I-V

R-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

8.

64E-

04

0.97

6 4.

76E-

04

0.99

1 96

18

13

2901

37

04

4137

46

36

5235

H

I-SY

N-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

2.

54E-

03

0.99

4 1.

14E-

03

0.99

4 10

3 14

67

2391

33

33

3757

44

32

4873

H

I-SY

N-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

1.

89E-

03

0.99

4 8.

53E-

04

0.99

2 10

3 17

13

3118

38

12

4303

50

33

5496

H

I-V

R-S

LG-6

SK-5

0WC

9.

99E-

04

0.98

9 3.

71E-

04

0.98

0 10

2 11

60

2779

42

37

5323

62

38

6238

H

I-V

R-S

LG-6

SK-5

0WC

1.

25E-

03

0.98

4 4.

47E-

04

0.97

6 10

1 11

87

3014

44

64

5406

65

18

6518

H

I-V

R-P

C-5

.5SK

-52W

C

1.37

E-03

0.

983

5.30

E-04

0.

985

103

2012

30

08

3478

41

72

4584

51

92

HI-

VR

-PC

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

1.

46E-

03

0.98

0 6.

29E-

04

0.98

4 10

3 18

82

2978

37

71

4178

47

51

5455

H

I-SY

N-P

C-5

.5SK

-52W

C

2.14

E-03

0.

994

9.77

E-04

0.

991

103

2018

29

56

3658

40

77

4515

51

71

HI-

SYN

-PC

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

2.

51E-

03

0.99

2 1.

13E-

03

0.99

3 10

3 19

16

2884

35

97

4025

46

29

5147

H

I-V

R-S

LG-5

.5SK

-52W

C

2.53

E-03

0.

998

5.75

E-04

0.

990

102

1200

27

88

3947

49

62

5691

63

54

HI-

VR

-SLG

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

2.

41E-

03

0.99

4 4.

37E-

04

0.87

5 10

2 12

98

2717

42

04

4796

56

56

6461

H

I-SY

N-S

LG-5

.5SK

-52W

C

1.32

E-03

0.

985

3.45

E-04

0.

992

103

1437

31

74

4555

54

12

6126

66

10

HI-

SYN

-SLG

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

1.

45E-

03

0.98

4 3.

98E-

04

0.99

4 10

2 13

12

3070

44

22

5243

60

95

6690


30

Tab

le 8

: Har

dene

d co

ncre

te te

st r

esul

ts fo

r ab

sorp

tivity

, F-T

dur

abili

ty, a

nd c

ompr

essi

ve st

reng

th fo

r Ph

ase

II lo

w a

ir c

onte

nt m

ixtu

res.

Abs

orpt

ivity

(mm

2 /sec

1/2 )

F-T

C

ompr

essi

ve S

treng

th (p

si)

Mix

ture

ID

Initi

al

Slop

e R

Se

cond

ary

Slop

e R

D

F @

30

0 C

ycle

s 1

day

3 da

ys

7 da

ys

14 d

ays

28 d

ays

90 d

ays

LO-V

R-P

C-6

SK-4

5WC

2.

52E-

03

0.99

2 9.

19E-

04

0.99

4 10

3 29

18

4338

51

91

5734

62

35

6867

LO

-VR

-PC

-6SK

-45W

C

2.49

E-03

0.

992

9.93

E-04

0.

993

103

2935

46

74

5262

58

73

5996

69

53

LO-S

YN

-PC

-6SK

-45W

C

2.01

E-03

0.

994

1.05

E-03

0.

997

103

2618

43

06

5075

52

32

5872

64

24

LO-S

YN

-PC

-6SK

-45W

C

1.87

E-03

0.

993

1.05

E-03

0.

998

102

2236

38

30

4830

51

36

5928

62

43

LO-V

R-S

LG-6

SK-4

5WC

6.

96E-

04

0.95

6 2.

98E-

04

0.99

3 10

2 15

86

4196

56

23

6868

73

93

8344

LO

-VR

-SLG

-6SK

-45W

C

1.06

E-03

0.

983

4.09

E-04

0.

990

101

1571

38

98

5576

69

34

7378

81

03

LO-S

YN

-SLG

-6SK

-45W

C

2.99

E-03

0.

986

8.26

E-04

0.

987

96

- -

7128

49

15

5486

77

94

LO-S

YN

-SLG

-6SK

-45W

C

2.90

E-03

0.

992

7.92

E-04

0.

979

99

- -

5501

61

58

7575

65

66

LO-V

R-F

A-6

SK-4

5WC

1.

98E-

03

0.97

6 3.

58E-

04

0.99

5 27

31

93

4929

54

11

6185

63

69

7425

LO

-VR

-FA

-6SK

-45W

C

2.39

E-03

0.

971

4.26

E-04

0.

985

35

3114

47

71

5480

60

19

6318

71

40

LO-S

YN

-FA

-6SK

-45W

C

2.73

E-03

0.

987

1.10

E-03

0.

993

81

2980

45

40

5200

57

31

6165

72

23

LO-S

YN

-FA

-6SK

-45W

C

2.67

E-03

0.

982

1.02

E-03

0.

993

97

3091

45

57

5183

58

38

6147

71

50

LO-V

R-P

C-5

SK-4

5WC

2.

30E-

03

0.99

6 1.

18E-

03

0.99

8 10

0 31

43

5094

60

01

6493

68

11

7097

LO

-VR

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

2.35

E-03

0.

998

1.14

E-03

0.

995

100

2938

51

06

5685

61

92

6518

70

43

LO-S

YN

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

4.64

E-03

0.

994

1.78

E-03

0.

991

99

1939

27

36

5265

54

17

5452

51

94

LO-S

YN

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

2.82

E-03

0.

984

9.79

E-04

0.

999

101

2989

56

01

6454

66

22

7198

75

86

LO-V

R-S

LG-5

SK-4

5WC

1.

93E-

03

0.99

4 7.

45E-

04

0.99

7 10

0 14

22

4449

65

64

7831

86

96

9333

LO

-VR

-SLG

-5SK

-45W

C

1.72

E-03

0.

992

5.58

E-04

0.

996

50

1248

43

33

7049

82

64

9205

93

95

LO-S

YN

-SLG

-5SK

-45W

C

5.93

E-04

0.

972

6.32

E-05

0.

935

102

1128

41

92

6577

77

29

8648

82

73

LO-S

YN

-SLG

-5SK

-45W

C

5.16

E-04

0.

966

6.94

E-05

0.

943

100

989

3891

67

31

8106

79

88

7092

LO

-VR

-PC

-6SK

-50W

C

2.13

E-03

0.

996

1.25

E-03

0.

993

99

2186

36

29

4305

49

62

5322

64

44

LO-V

R-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

1.

54E-

03

0.98

7 8.

88E-

04

0.99

4 10

0 20

38

3264

42

11

4360

51

58

5699

LO

-SY

N-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

1.

80E-

03

0.98

9 1.

07E-

03

0.99

8 10

3 21

70

3784

45

30

5170

49

51

6641

LO

-SY

N-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

2.

05E-

03

0.99

2 1.

18E-

03

0.99

8 10

2 20

14

3807

38

74

4884

52

24

5995

LO

-VR

-SLG

-6SK

-50W

C

1.37

E-03

0.

993

3.86

E-04

0.

975

101

1172

29

14

4523

57

03

6669

66

69

LO-V

R-S

LG-6

SK-5

0WC

7.

03E-

04

0.96

9 2.

26E-

04

0.97

7 10

0 10

74

3030

43

80

5661

62

93

6293

LO

-VR

-PC

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

9.

75E-

04

0.96

9 4.

27E-

04

0.99

4 10

1 20

26

3259

40

03

4448

50

61

6029

LO

-VR

-PC

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

2.

84E-

03

0.99

6 1.

18E-

03

0.99

8 10

2 23

11

3510

42

88

4849

53

17

6003

LO

-SY

N-P

C-5

.5SK

-52W

C

2.46

E-03

0.

995

1.06

E-03

0.

995

103

2112

32

39

3983

43

69

4875

53

68

LO-S

YN

-PC

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

3.

75E-

03

0.99

5 1.

72E-

03

0.99

4 10

3 19

88

2998

38

77

4083

47

08

4949

LO

-VR

-SLG

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

2.

55E-

03

0.99

0 4.

49E-

04

0.99

1 95

13

96

2738

40

12

5316

57

36

6705

LO

-VR

-SLG

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

2.

19E-

03

0.99

4 3.

79E-

04

0.99

0 94

15

63

3458

49

25

5841

63

51

7128

LO

-SY

N-S

LG-5

.5SK

-52W

C

1.14

E-03

0.

983

3.00

E-04

0.

989

100

2008

24

55

3810

48

31

5392

73

41

LO-S

YN

-SLG

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

1.

18E-

03

0.98

2 3.

46E-

04

0.99

1 10

0 20

45

2227

35

09

4462

60

41

7104


31

Tab

le 9

: Har

dene

d co

ncre

te te

st r

esul

ts fo

r ab

sorp

tivity

, F-T

dur

abili

ty, a

nd c

ompr

essi

ve st

reng

th fo

r Ph

ase

III v

ery

low

air

con

tent

m

ixtu

res.

Mix

ture

ID

Abs

orpt

ivity

(mm

2 /sec

1/2 )

F-T

Com

pres

sive

Stre

ngth

(psi

)

Initi

al

Slop

e R

Se

cond

ary

Slop

e R

D

F @

30

0 C

ycle

s

1 da

y 3

days

7

days

14

days

28

day

s 90

day

s

VLO

-VR

-PC

-6S

K-4

6WC

6.

96E-

04

0.96

9 2.

27E-

04

0.96

4 96

30

98

5140

62

40

6543

69

57

7314

V

LO-S

YN

-PC

-6S

K-4

6WC

5.

23E-

04

0.94

2 2.

13E-

04

0.97

6 96

27

81

5743

66

26

6973

73

40

7895

V

LO-V

R-S

LG-

6SK

-46W

C

4.54

E-04

0.

938

1.22

E-04

0.

959

78

1464

54

02

7050

79

83

8687

96

47

VLO

-SY

N-S

LG-

6SK

-46W

C

3.14

E-04

0.

884

- -

64

1125

50

74

6926

79

88

8749

96

36

VLO

-VR

-FA

-6S

K-4

5WC

3.

24E-

04

0.86

0 6.

85E-

05

0.91

2 6

2522

43

83

5307

59

59

6502

75

08

VLO

-SY

N-F

A-

6SK

-46W

C

3.28

E-04

0.

899

8.47

E-05

0.

912

15

2532

43

58

5398

60

45

6521

74

45

VLO

-VR

-PC

-5.

2SK

-46W

C

5.75

E-04

0.

890

2.09

E-04

0.

984

104

2152

44

65

6215

65

68

7156

76

69

VLO

-SY

N-P

C-

5.2S

K-4

6WC

6.

69E-

04

0.94

0 1.

97E-

04

0.97

0 10

5 16

86

5071

67

60

7231

74

06

8394

V

LO-V

R-S

LG-

5.2S

K-4

6WC

6.

70E-

04

0.95

9 2.

16E-

04

0.97

2 10

5 76

6 49

31

7102

77

78

8674

96

00

VLO

-SY

N-S

LG-

5.2S

K-4

6WC

5.

75E-

04

0.96

8 1.

11E-

04

0.97

8 87

82

2 41

95

6694

83

81

8604

94

61

VLO

-VR

-FA

-5.

2SK

-46W

C

5.79

E-04

0.

967

1.84

E-04

0.

985

103

1455

48

85

5469

65

27

6862

77

33

VLO

-SY

N-F

A-

5.2S

K-4

6WC

3.

93E-

04

0.91

2 -

- 10

4 13

92

4008

59

97

6469

70

29

8012

T

able

10:

F-T

test

res

ults

und

er d

iffer

ent f

reez

ing

regi

mes

for

Phas

e II

I ver

y lo

w a

ir c

onte

nt m

ixtu

res.

Pr

oced

ure

B

(Fre

eze

in A

ir)

Proc

edur

e A

(F

reez

e in

Wat

er)

Proc

edur

e A

(F

reez

e in

4.0

w

t. %

CaC

l 2 Br

ine)

Mix

ture

ID

DF

@

300

cycl

es

DF

@

300

cycl

es

DF

@

300

cycl

es

VLO

-VR

-PC

-6SK

-46W

C

96

95

97

VLO

-SY

N-P

C-6

SK-4

6WC

96

79

82

V

LO-V

R-S

LG-6

SK-4

6WC

78

52

44

V

LO-S

YN

-SLG

-6SK

-46W

C

64

65

65

VLO

-VR

-FA

-6SK

-45W

C

6 13

11

V

LO-S

YN

-FA

-6SK

-46W

C

15

20

14

VLO

-VR

-PC

-5.2

SK-4

6WC

10

4 98

98

V

LO-S

YN

-PC

-5.2

SK-4

6WC

10

5 94

98

V

LO-V

R-S

LG-5

.2SK

-46W

C

105

99

100

VLO

-SY

N-S

LG-5

.2SK

-46W

C

87

98

95

VLO

-VR

-FA

-5.2

SK-4

6WC

10

3 96

10

0 V

LO-S

YN

-FA

-5.2

SK-4

6WC

10

4 98

98


32

Tab

le 1

1: M

atur

ity te

st r

esul

ts fo

r Ph

ase

II h

igh

air

cont

ent m

ixtu

res.

Tem

pera

ture

-Tim

e Fa

ctor

(°C

-day

s)

Equi

vale

nt A

ge (d

ays a

t 20°

C)

Mix

ture

ID

1 d

3 d

7 d

14 d

28

d

Slop

e Δp

si/Δ

log 1

0 (°

C-d

ays)

Inte

r-ce

pt

(psi

) 1

d 3

d 7

d 14

d

28 d

Sl

ope

Δpsi

/Δlo

g 10

(eq.

age

)

Inte

r-ce

pt

(psi

) 24

.3

68.5

15

6.6

310.

9 61

8.5

1860

-2

35

1.3

3.5

8.0

15.9

31

.6

1879

21

42

HI-

VR

-PC

-6SK

-45W

C

24.2

68

.5

156.

7 30

9.8

615.

6 20

12

46

1.3

3.5

8.0

15.9

31

.4

2033

26

18

23.7

68

.5

157.

6 31

3.2

624.

7 23

28

-667

1.

2 3.

5 8.

1 16

.1

32.0

23

42

2319

H

I-SY

N-P

C-6

SK-4

5WC

23

.9

68.3

15

7.1

312.

0 62

2.2

2042

-1

18

1.3

3.5

8.1

16.0

31

.9

2059

24

96

23.6

68

.7

158.

4 31

5.3

629.

2 33

53

-322

7 1.

2 3.

6 8.

2 16

.2

32.3

33

78

1063

H

I-V

R-S

LG-6

SK-4

5WC

23

.0

67.8

15

6.9

312.

3 62

2.8

3367

-3

016

1.2

3.5

8.1

16.0

31

.9

3386

13

04

23.3

71

.7

161.

9 32

0.5

643.

4 26

08

-162

1.

2 3.

8 8.

4 16

.6

33.3

26

11

3188

H

I-SY

N-S

LG-6

SK-4

5WC

23

.0

71.4

16

1.9

321.

4 64

5.2

2380

19

4 1.

2 3.

7 8.

4 16

.6

33.4

23

80

3254

30

.6

78.1

17

0.6

332.

4 65

7.2

1857

59

1.

8 4.

3 9.

1 17

.5

34.4

19

32

2334

H

I-V

R-F

A-6

SK-4

5WC

30

.0

77.1

16

9.0

330.

0 65

2.1

1877

-2

65

1.8

4.2

9.0

17.3

34

.0

1956

20

35

31.3

80

.8

172.

9 33

7.4

651.

1 13

46

-102

1.

9 4.

5 9.

3 17

.9

34.0

14

16

1526

H

I-SY

N-F

A-6

SK-4

5WC

30

.6

79.6

17

0.8

333.

8 64

4.2

1482

-2

79

1.8

4.4

9.1

17.6

33

.5

1552

15

26

28.9

75

.0

169.

2 32

7.5

638.

8 21

52

-564

1.

7 4.

1 9.

0 17

.1

33.1

22

25

2100

H

I-V

R-P

C-5

SK-4

5WC

28

.5

74.8

16

9.1

327.

6 63

8.1

2265

-2

14

1.7

4.0

9.0

17.1

33

.0

2340

25

92

26.9

71

.5

160.

1 31

5.5

633.

9 18

09

66

1.5

3.8

8.3

16.3

32

.7

1844

23

47

HI-

SYN

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

27.1

71

.7

160.

4 31

6.3

634.

0 20

81

-217

1.

5 3.

8 8.

3 16

.3

32.7

21

27

2401

25

.8

70.5

15

9.5

315.

3 63

2.8

4339

-4

985

1.4

3.7

8.3

16.2

32

.6

4411

51

2 H

I-V

R-S

LG-5

SK-4

5WC

25

.2

69.7

15

8.8

314.

6 63

1.7

4848

-5

622

1.4

3.6

8.2

16.2

32

.6

4914

53

9 24

.6

69.7

15

9.3

316.

3 64

0.1

4574

-4

705

1.3

3.6

8.2

16.3

33

.1

4613

11

33

HI-

SYN

-SLG

-5SK

-45W

C

24.3

69

.3

158.

6 31

4.9

635.

8 41

84

-456

5 1.

3 3.

6 8.

2 16

.2

32.8

42

17

783

24.3

68

.8

157.

3 31

3.8

624.

7 21

49

-105

1 1.

3 3.

6 8.

1 16

.1

32.0

21

68

1699

H

I-V

R-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

24

.1

68.8

15

7.4

313.

8 62

6.2

1992

-8

29

1.3

3.6

8.1

16.1

32

.1

2009

17

20

23.1

67

.3

155.

9 30

9.2

619.

1 20

80

-136

2 1.

2 3.

5 8.

0 15

.8

31.7

20

94

1307

H

I-SY

N-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

23

.2

67.4

15

5.8

309.

3 61

9.3

2249

-1

204

1.2

3.5

8.0

15.8

31

.7

2264

16

81

23.8

68

.5

157.

9 31

2.8

625.

5 36

33

-382

9 1.

3 3.

5 8.

1 16

.0

32.1

36

62

821

HI-

VR

-SLG

-6SK

-50W

C

22.9

67

.0

155.

4 30

9.1

620.

1 37

09

-378

9 1.

2 3.

4 8.

0 15

.8

31.7

37

27

977

28.7

75

.2

165.

2 32

0.3

632.

2 19

10

-697

1.

7 4.

1 8.

7 16

.6

32.6

19

78

1670

H

I-V

R-P

C-5

.5SK

-52W

C

28.3

74

.7

164.

3 31

8.9

629.

3 21

06

-105

5 1.

6 4.

0 8.

6 16

.5

32.4

21

78

1560

29

.1

74.4

16

2.6

322.

3 64

8.0

1849

-5

74

1.7

4.0

8.5

16.8

33

.7

1915

17

14

HI-

SYN

-PC

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

28

.2

73.1

16

0.7

319.

4 64

2.3

1968

-8

54

1.6

3.9

8.4

16.6

33

.3

2030

15

96

26.4

70

.9

161.

4 31

5.1

624.

1 33

00

-339

4 1.

4 3.

7 8.

4 16

.2

32.0

33

67

774

HI-

VR

-SLG

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

26

.1

70.8

16

1.1

314.

9 62

3.1

3193

-3

141

1.4

3.7

8.4

16.2

32

.0

3257

89

2 26

.6

74.3

16

8.8

331.

2 65

0.9

3418

-3

282

1.5

4.0

8.9

17.3

33

.8

3478

10

25

HI-

SYN

-SLG

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

26

.6

74.3

16

9.2

331.

8 64

9.7

3451

-3

465

1.5

4.0

8.9

17.4

33

.7

3514

87

9


33

Tab

le 1

2: M

atur

ity te

st r

esul

ts fo

r Ph

ase

II lo

w a

ir c

onte

nt m

ixtu

res.

Tem

pera

ture

-Tim

e Fa

ctor

(°C

-day

s)

Equi

vale

nt A

ge (d

ays a

t 20°

C)

Mix

ture

ID

1 d

3 d

7 d

14 d

28

d

Slop

e Δp

si/Δ

log 1

0 (°

C-d

ays)

Inte

r-ce

pt

(psi

) 1

d 3

d 7

d 14

d

28 d

Sl

ope

Δpsi

/Δlo

g 10

(eq.

age

)

Inte

r-ce

pt

(psi

) 24

.3

69.5

16

0.3

318.

8 63

6.6

2326

-1

12

1.3

3.6

8.3

16.4

32

.8

2342

28

62

LO-V

R-P

C-6

SK-4

5WC

24

.4

69.9

16

1.2

319.

0 63

6.1

2152

32

2 1.

3 3.

6 8.

4 16

.5

32.8

21

70

3070

23

.5

67.9

15

6.7

311.

8 62

1.9

2171

-1

8 1.

2 3.

5 8.

0 16

.0

31.8

21

84

2766

LO

-SY

N-P

C-6

SK-4

5WC

23

.8

68.2

15

6.9

311.

8 62

2.2

2523

-1

005

1.3

3.5

8.1

16.0

31

.9

2541

22

29

23.3

68

.7

158.

6 31

6.0

633.

4 41

09

-366

5 1.

2 3.

6 8.

2 16

.3

32.6

41

31

1600

LO

-VR

-SLG

-6SK

-45W

C

23.7

69

.1

158.

7 31

5.3

630.

0 42

23

-397

6 1.

3 3.

6 8.

2 16

.2

32.4

42

59

1420

23

.8

74.5

16

7.3

330.

6 65

2.9

-277

7 12

839

1.2

4.0

8.8

17.3

33

.9

-279

7 93

02

LO-S

YN

-SLG

-6SK

-45W

C

23.8

74

.7

167.

8 33

1.4

653.

4 35

12

-243

9 1.

2 4.

0 8.

8 17

.3

34.0

35

38

2030

30

.6

78.7

17

2.0

334.

7 66

3.1

2347

71

1.

8 4.

4 9.

2 17

.7

34.8

24

46

2937

LO

-VR

-FA

-6SK

-45W

C

31.4

79

.1

171.

9 33

4.1

660.

6 23

82

-87

1.9

4.4

9.2

17.6

34

.6

2493

28

08

31.5

81

.2

173.

3 33

6.9

655.

8 23

60

-265

1.

9 4.

6 9.

3 17

.8

34.3

24

79

2592

LO

-SY

N-F

A-6

SK-4

5WC

32

.1

81.6

17

3.3

336.

4 65

1.6

2322

-1

44

2.0

4.6

9.4

17.8

34

.0

2452

26

50

28.7

75

.7

170.

5 32

9.4

644.

2 26

78

-328

1.

7 4.

1 9.

1 17

.3

33.4

27

68

2985

LO

-VR

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

29.3

75

.8

170.

5 32

9.5

642.

7 25

50

-273

1.

7 4.

1 9.

1 17

.3

33.4

26

42

2871

26

.5

71.7

16

4.4

323.

9 63

6.2

2896

-2

098

1.5

3.8

8.6

16.8

32

.8

2953

15

52

LO-S

YN

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

26.8

71

.9

164.

2 32

3.3

633.

3 28

67

-427

1.

5 3.

8 8.

6 16

.8

32.6

29

23

3185

27

.9

74.0

16

2.9

318.

1 63

0.2

5433

-5

974

1.6

4.0

8.5

16.4

32

.4

5582

82

6 LO

-VR

-SLG

-5SK

-45W

C

27.3

73

.0

161.

5 31

6.3

626.

4 59

85

-691

4 1.

5 3.

9 8.

4 16

.3

32.2

61

36

600

24.3

70

.0

159.

8 31

7.1

642.

6 53

81

-590

7 1.

3 3.

6 8.

3 16

.3

33.2

54

24

963

LO-S

YN

-SLG

-5SK

-45W

C

24.8

69

.7

158.

6 31

4.4

636.

2 53

44

-593

6 1.

3 3.

6 8.

2 16

.2

32.8

53

99

876

24.0

68

.2

155.

8 30

8.7

613.

0 22

23

-669

1.

3 3.

5 8.

0 15

.8

31.3

22

43

2178

LO

-VR

-PC

-6SK

-50W

C

24.1

68

.5

156.

6 31

1.3

620.

0 21

34

-760

1.

3 3.

5 8.

0 15

.9

31.7

21

53

1971

23

.8

67.5

15

6.2

310.

7 62

0.7

2051

-2

62

1.3

3.5

8.0

15.9

31

.8

2067

23

64

LO-S

YN

-PC

-6SK

-50W

C

23.7

67

.2

155.

9 31

0.8

620.

5 21

70

-674

1.

2 3.

5 8.

0 15

.9

31.8

21

88

2104

23

.1

67.8

15

7.1

311.

8 62

4.0

3914

-4

163

1.2

3.5

8.1

16.0

32

.0

3938

85

6 LO

-VR

-SLG

-6SK

-50W

C

23.6

68

.5

157.

9 31

2.5

624.

2 37

55

-394

7 1.

2 3.

5 8.

1 16

.0

32.0

37

87

857

28.6

75

.3

164.

9 31

9.5

631.

8 22

11

-104

0 1.

7 4.

1 8.

7 16

.6

32.6

22

90

1699

LO

-VR

-PC

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

28

.9

75.5

16

5.1

319.

8 63

1.6

2245

-8

23

1.7

4.1

8.7

16.6

32

.6

2331

19

51

29.1

74

.6

163.

0 32

3.1

651.

4 20

15

-665

1.

7 4.

0 8.

6 16

.8

33.9

20

83

1832

LO

-SY

N-P

C-5

.5SK

-52W

C

29.8

74

.4

161.

7 32

0.7

646.

1 19

90

-796

1.

8 4.

0 8.

5 16

.7

33.6

20

67

1659

26

.4

71.4

16

2.1

316.

6 62

7.5

3318

-3

316

1.5

3.8

8.4

16.3

32

.2

3389

86

8 LO

-VR

-SLG

-5.5

SK-5

2WC

26

.7

71.6

16

2.0

316.

5 62

6.6

3575

-3

286

1.5

3.8

8.4

16.3

32

.2

3656

12

14

26.2

71

.4

165.

3 32

8.0

648.

4 26

24

-197

9 1.

4 3.

8 8.

6 17

.1

33.6

26

67

1338

LO

-SY

N-S

LG-5

.5SK

-52W

C

26.3

71

.7

165.

8 32

8.8

647.

5 28

93

-260

7 1.

4 3.

8 8.

7 17

.1

33.6

29

47

1042


34

Tab

le 1

3: F

-T te

st r

esul

ts u

nder

diff

eren

t fre

ezin

g re

gim

es fo

r ex

tend

ed F

-T c

yclin

g on

sele

cted

Pha

se II

con

cret

e m

ixtu

res.

Pr

oced

ure

A

(Fre

eze

in W

ater

) Pr

oced

ure

A

(Fre

eze

in 4

.0 w

t. %

CaC

l 2 Br

ine)

Pr

oced

ure

A

(Fre

eze

in 4

.2 w

t. %

NaC

l Bri

ne)

Mix

ture

ID

DF

@

300

cycl

es

% D

ilatio

n @

10

0 cy

cles

D

F @

30

0 cy

cles

%

Dila

tion

@

100

cycl

es

DF

@

300

cycl

es

% D

ilatio

n @

10

0 cy

cles

HI-

VR

-PC

-6SK

-45W

C

96

0.02

2 10

2 0.

034

102

0.03

6

HI-

VR

-PC

-5SK

-45W

C

97

0.00

9 98

0.

007

100

0.04

3

LO-V

R-P

C-6

SK-4

5WC

98

0.

005

87

0.01

4 48

0.

013

LO-V

R-P

C-5

SK-4

5WC

94

0.

011

97

0.03

6 99

0.

012

LO-V

R-P

C-6

SK-5

0WC

*

* 37

-

34

0.13

3

LO-V

R-P

C-5

.5SK

-52W

C

23

- 7

- 8

-

* N

o be

ams w

ere

test

ed.


35

Figure 20: Compressive strength gain plots for the 0.45 w/cm 564 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures. From left to right, high air content mixtures vs. low air content mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures, and 25 wt. % substitution fly ash mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


36

Figure 21: Compressive strength gain plots for the 0.45 w/cm 470 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures. From left to right, high air content mixtures vs. low air content mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, and 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


37



38



39

Figure 24: Compressive strength gain plots for the Phase III very low air content 0.46 w/cm mixtures. From left to right, 564 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures vs. 490 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures, and 25 wt. % substitution fly ash mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


40

Figure 25: Absorptivity plots for the 0.45 w/cm 564 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures. From left to right, high air content mixtures vs. low air content mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures, and 25 wt. % substitution fly ash mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


41

Figure 26: Absorptivity plots for the 0.45 w/cm 470 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures. From left to right, high air content mixtures vs. low air content mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, and 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


42



43



44

Figure 29: Absorptivity plots for the Phase III very low air content 0.46 w/cm mixtures. From left to right, 564 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures vs. 490 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures, and 25 wt. % substitution fly ash mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


45

Figure 30: Relative dynamic modulus of elasticity plots for the 0.45 w/cm 564 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures frozen in air (ASTM C666 Procedure B). From left to right, high air content mixtures vs. low air content mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures, and 25 wt. % substitution fly ash mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


46

Figure 31: Relative dynamic modulus of elasticity plots for the 0.45 w/cm 470 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures frozen in air (ASTM C666 Procedure B). From left to right, high air content mixtures vs. low air content mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, and 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


47



48



49

Figure 34: Relative dynamic modulus of elasticity plots for the Phase III very low air content 0.46 w/cm mixtures frozen in air (ASTM C666 Procedure B). From left to right, 564 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures vs. 490 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures, and 25 wt. % substitution fly ash mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


50

Figure 35: Relative dynamic modulus of elasticity plots for the Phase III very low air content 0.46 w/cm mixtures frozen in water (ASTM C666 Procedure A). From left to right, 564 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures vs. 490 lbs/yd3 CMC mixtures. From top to bottom: straight portland cement mixtures, 40 wt. % substitution slag cement mixtures, and 25 wt. % substitution fly ash mixtures. Dashed lines denote mixtures with vinsol resin AEA; dotted lines denote mixtures with synthetic AEA.


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5.2 Hardened Concrete Tests - State of Michigan · 5.2 Hardened Concrete Tests 5.2.1 Absorptivity,...

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