41022-022: Second Small Towns Water Supply and … · Initial Environmental Examination January...

Initial Environmental Examination

January 2013

NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and

Sanitation Sector Project- Darakh-Sukhad Town

Project

Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 January 2013)

Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR)

NPR1.00 = $0.01164 $1.00 = NPR85.8500

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank amsl – above mean sea level CMA – Community Medical Auxiliary DI – ductile iron Dia. – diameter DSC – Design and Supervision Consultant DWSS – Department of Water supply and Sewerage EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Act EPR – Environment Protection Rule GI – galvanized iron GoN – Government of Nepal HDPE – high density polyethylene pipe HHs – households IEE – Initial Environmental Examination lpcd – liter per capita per day lps – liters per second MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development NDWQS – National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA – Nepal Electricity Authority NGO – Non Government Organization Nrs. – Nepali Rupees O&M – operation & maintenance OD – outer diameter PMC – Project Management Consultant PMO – Project Management Office TDF – Town Development Fund VAT – Value Added Tax VDC – Village Development Committee WHO – World Health Organization WSSDO – Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC – Water User’s and Sanitation Committee

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 15 July 2011.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

i

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

OF

SUKHAD WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SUB - PROJECT

(BATCH II, PACKAGE I)

Submitted To:

Ministry of Urban Development Government of Nepal

Singhdurbar, Kathmandu

Submitted By:

Project Management Office

Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

Panipokhari, Kathmandu

January 2013

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................. vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (NEPALI) ................................................................................................. viii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (English) ...................................................................................................... ix

A. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1

1. Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report ............................................ 1

a. Name of the Proposal ................................................................................................................. 1

b. Name and address of the proponent ............................................................................................ 1

c. Consultant preparing the report ................................................................................................. 1

2. Basis and Extent of the IEE study ................................................................................................... 1

a. ADB Policy (ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009) ........................................................... 2

b. National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines .................................. 3

c. Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study ..................................................................... 7

d. Relevancy of the Project .......................................................................................................... 8

e. Approach and Methodology .......................................................................................................... 12

B. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................................... 14

1. Location and Accessibility of the Project Area ............................................................................. 14

2. Existing Water Supply and Sanitation Situation............................................................................ 14

a. Water Supply System ................................................................................................................ 14

b. Sanitation Facility .................................................................................................................. 15

c. Drainage Facility ....................................................................................................................... 15

d. Solid Waste Management ......................................................................................................... 16

3. Type, category and need of the subproject .................................................................................... 16

4. Size or Magnitude of operation ..................................................................................................... 17

5. Proposed Schedule for Implementation ......................................................................................... 17

6. Project Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 18

a. Materials Required for Constructions ............................................................................................ 18

b. Human Resource ........................................................................................................................... 19

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7. Description of the sub project ........................................................................................................ 19

C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................... 25

1. Physical Resources ........................................................................................................................ 25

a. Topography .................................................................................................................................... 25

b. Geology and soils .......................................................................................................................... 28

c. Climate and Rainfall ...................................................................................................................... 29

d. Ecological resources ...................................................................................................................... 29

2. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ................................................................................. 32

a. Demography .................................................................................................................................. 32

b. Health and Sanitation .................................................................................................................... 33

c. Education Facilities ....................................................................................................................... 35

d. Physical and Cultural Heritage ...................................................................................................... 35

e. Employment ................................................................................................................................... 36

3. Economic Development and Prospects of Growth ........................................................................ 36

a. Land Use ........................................................................................................................................ 36

b. Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................. 37

c. Economic Characteristics .............................................................................................................. 38

d. Development Organization ............................................................................................................ 39

e. Major Environmental Problems ..................................................................................................... 39

D. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .............. 41

1. Beneficial Impacts ......................................................................................................................... 41

a. Construction Phase ........................................................................................................................ 41

b. Operation Phase ............................................................................................................................. 42

2. Adverse Impact .............................................................................................................................. 43

a. Pre-construction Phase................................................................................................................... 43

b. Construction Phase ........................................................................................................................ 44

c. Operational Phase .......................................................................................................................... 48

E. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS ............. 56

1. Design Alternative ......................................................................................................................... 56

iv

2. Project Site/Location Alternative .................................................................................................. 57

3. Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw Materials .................................. 57

4. No Project Option .......................................................................................................................... 57

F. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ............... 59

G. GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM ....................................................................... 62

H. MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT AND

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...................................................................... 64

1. Mitigation and Monitoring ............................................................................................................ 64

2. Mitigation Costs ............................................................................................................................ 76

3. Monitoring Costs ........................................................................................................................... 76

4. Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates ........................................................................................... 77

5. Environmental Procedures and Institutions ................................................................................... 78

6. Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ......................................................................... 80

7. Reporting Procedures .................................................................................................................... 81

8. Work Plan ...................................................................................................................................... 82

I. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................... 84

v

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: National Policies, Acts, Regulations and Guidelines ............................................................... 4

Table 2: Criteria for Requirement of IEE and/or EIA for Drinking Water Supply Projects as per Annex 1

and Schedule g and Annex 3 Schedule h of Environment Protection Regulation 1997 Amendment 2007

Compared with the Situation of the Project ........................................................................................ 10

Table 3: Total Water Demand ................................................................................................................ 17

Table 4: Materials Required ................................................................................................................... 19

Table 5: Salient Features Of Sukhad Town Water Supply And Sanitation Project ....................... 20

Table 6: Distribution of HHs by Ethnic Group .................................................................................... 33

Table 7: Distribution of HHs with Existing Latrines ........................................................................... 34

Table 8: Types of Latrines ...................................................................................................................... 34

Table 9: VDC Wise Percentage Distribution of Population by Level of Education .......................... 35

Table 10: Percentage Distribution of HHs by main Occupation and Source of Income ................... 36

Table 11: Overview of potential environmental impacts and Mitigation Measures/ Sukhad .......... 49

Table 12: Environmental Monitoring Schedule .................................................................................... 66

Table 13: Tentative Cost of Mitigation for Some Impacts ................................................................... 76

Table 14: Monitoring Cost ...................................................................................................................... 77

Table 15: Annual Cost for EMP ............................................................................................................. 77

Table 16: Institution Involved in the Proposed Project ....................................................................... 79

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Schematic Layout of Project Components in Darakh ......................................................... 23

Figure 2: Schematic Layout of Project Components in Sandepani .................................................... 24

Figure 3: Location Map of Sukhad , Kailali District ............................................................................ 25

Figure 4: Design Layout of Project Components .................................................................................. 26

Figure 5: Design Layout of Waste Water .............................................................................................. 27

Figure 6: Grievance Redress Mechanism .............................................................................................. 63

Figure 7: Implementation schedule of the project ................................................................................ 83

vi

ANNEXES

Annex 1: Approved Terms of Reference

Annex 2: Rapid Environment Assessment

Annex 3: Public Notice

Annex 4: Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka)

Annex 5: Recommendation letters from concerned authorities

Annex 6: List of persons contacted

Annex 7: Water quality test report

Annex 8: Survey questionnaire

Annex 9: Focus group discussion

Annex 10:Photographs

vii

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank

asl above sea level

DDC District Development Committee

DSC Design and Supervision Consultant

DWSS Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EMAP Environmental Management Action Plan

EPA Environmental Protection Act

EPR Environmental Protection Rules

GoN Government of Nepal

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

HH Household

lpcd litres per capita per day

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

MoUD Ministry of Urban Development

NEA Nepal Electricity Authority

NDWQS National Drinking Water Quality Standard

NWSC Nepal Water Supply Corporation

PMO Project Management Office

REA Rapid Environmental Assessment

RP Resettlement Plan

STWSSSP Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

SSTWSSSP Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

TDF Town Development Fund

WUSC Water User and Sanitation Committee

VDC Village Development Committee

viii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (NEPALI)

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ix

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (English)

Background

The Project Management Office (PMO) of Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (DWSS) is the proponent of the current project. The sub-project is a part of the second phase of the Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) of the Government of Nepal which aims to

x

construct/extend drinking water supply systems, drainage and sanitation facilities as well as provide sanitary health education to the community in upcoming small urban towns of the country. The project embraces the community managed demand responsive approach and is being implemented under ADB finance. The proposed project will facilitate entire ward no. 4, ward no. 5 and ward no. 6 of Darakh VDC. Similarly, the project covers ward no. 2, ward no. 3 and 4 and part of ward no. 5, ward no. 9 of Sandepani VDC. A small part of ward no. 7 of Ram Shikhar Jhala is also included in the service area of the project.

Purpose of IEE, ADB policy, GoN acts and rules

The purpose of this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is to examine the environmental implication of proposed project and its activities to ensure that it will not damage the environment and to provide measures to remove or reduce those impacts into aacceptable limits.

Both the Nepali law and ADB policy require that the environmental implications of individual developments are taken into account in the planning and decision making process.

The statutory requirement of the Government of Nepal, that has to be adhered to for the proposed project, is the Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997 (and amendments1999). The present IEE study fulfills the requirements pertaining to Rule 3, Annex G of Schedule 1 of EPR, 1997 (including amendments). Similarly, as per ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009, the project is classified Environment Category B and IEE is required as per the REA checklist suggested by ADB.

Components of the project

The proposed ‘Sukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project’ is a ground water based water supply system. The project comprises of two major components-Water supply and Sanitation. The water supply part comprises of a pumping scheme in which one test bore well and two new bore well each located at Darakh and Sandepani will be used to exploit ground water. The system also consists of two separate overhead tanks each located at Darakh and Sandepani respectively from where water will be distributed through distribution pipe lines. The second component is a sanitation service which includesconstructing Public toilets (3 nos) and sludge drying bed; and waste water management system conceptual plan has been prepared but the implementation has yet to be decided by the town.

Baseline information

The existing populations of Sukhad are facing a huge hardship in fulfilling their water needs. The people are although meeting their demand from shallow hand pumps, the quality of water availed by the consumers possess a high risk of arsenic. Since the proposed area does not haveany piped water supply system, the only option for the household is to resort to these hand pumps, which are often arsenic contaminated. The sanitary facilities are also quite basic in the project area. Majority of households have water seal, pit latrine and ventilated pit latrines. There is an absence of well managed sewerage and solid waste management systems. There is no proper surface drainage system except a small stretch along the core market area in the Bhajani road.

The socio-economic condition of the area is moderate. Majority of the people depend on agriculture, followed by business and service as their source of income. The community has good ethnic diversity, with people from various ethnic groups living together. Ghodaghodi Lake one of the Ramsar wetland has a good ecological diversity and is of great importance.

xi

Environmental impacts, mitigation and monitoring

No any significant adverse environmental impacts have been predicted and the anticipated negative impacts are of local in nature and low in magnitude. The main environmental concern for water supply system is related to construction activities such as digging of boreholes for ground water intake and distribution line such as unsettling of street surfaces due to excavation and trenches which could lead to soil erosion and silt run off. The mitigation measures are precautionary types such as proper back filling of the excavated trenches and avoiding cutting of vegetation. The locations of major structures have been acquired in consultation with the user committee and no of households or community have been displaced or resettled. Therefore there are very less possibilities of adverse impacts on the biological and socio economical environment of the project area.

Monitoring is necessary to check the implementation of mitigation measures and a detailed monitoring schedule has been designed specifying the regular and periodic monitoring activities during the project construction and operation phase. Before the operation of the project, PMO should develop a detailed work plan for implementing mitigation measures and monitoring plans based on the Environmental Management Plan which will be incorporated into the construction and operation contracts.

Conclusion and Recommendation

Considering the nature of the project; environmental and socio-economic situation of the area and based on the detailed field survey and consultation with the relevant stakeholders, it can be concluded that the proposed project will have only minor negative impacts. The impacts are mostly local in nature and can be easily and cheaply mitigated with suitable mitigation measures and regular monitoring. Implementation of the project will benefit the local people with safe and adequate supply of drinking water and improved sanitary conditions thereby raising the living standard of the people of Sukhad. If the project is properly implemented and environmental issues are duly considered, there will be a significant improvement in the health of the people and their surrounding environment. It is proposed that the information suggested in the IEE report will be well utilized in the next phases of the work and monitoring plan followed up. Hence, IEE is sufficient and the proposed project is suitable for implementation.

Initial Environmental Examinationon Sukhad Town Water Supply And Sanitation Project

ERMC Pvt. Ltd 1

A. INTRODUCTION

1. Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report

a. Name of the Proposal

1. The name of the proposal is "Initial Environmental Examination" of Sukhad

Town water supply and sanitation project in Kailali District. The location map

of the proposed proposal is given in Figure 3.

b. Name and address of the proponent

2. The project proponent Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation

Sector Project (SSTWSSP) under Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

(DWSS) will be the responsible agency for the implementation of the

proposal. The name and address of the proponent is given below.

Government of Nepal Ministry of Urban Development Department of water Supply and Sewerage Second small towns water supply and sanitation sector project Project management office Panipokhari, Kathmandu Tel: ++977 1 4423848, 977 1 4412348 Fax: ++977 1 4413280 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sstwssp.gov.np

c. Consultant preparing the report

3. ERMC (P) Ltd. has worked on behalf of the proponent for conducting IEE

studies and preparing IEE report using all the prevalent guidelines, acts,

policies and regulations. The name and address of the consultant is given

below.

Environment and resource management consultant (ERMC) Pvt. Ltd P.O. Box: 12419 Baneshwor, Kathmandu Tel.:++977-1-4483064, 4465863, Fax: ++977-1-483064 Email: [email protected]

2. Basisand Extent of the IEE study

4. The government of Nepal has prepared a fifteen years development plan to

implement the water supply and sanitation programs in emerging towns or


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 2

small towns in order to improve the health and the quality of life of the people

living in the project towns by constructing and extending water supply system,

drainage and sanitation facilities and providing health and hygiene education

programs in the towns. The project follows the community managed demand

responsive approach where the community will be involved from the very

planning phase to the implementation phase for the operation and maintenance

of the subprojects soon after it is completed. The project, ‘Small Town Water

Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, STWSSSP’ is the outcome of that effort.

The “Asian Development Bank” (ADB) has been providing financial

assistance to implement the project in both the phases. The “Department of

Water Supply and Sewerage” (DWSS) is the implementing agency whereas

the “Ministry of Urban Development” (MOUD) is the executing agency.

5. Both the Nepali law and ADB policy require that the environmental

implications of individual developments are taken into account in the planning

and decision making process and that action is taken to reduce the impacts to

acceptable levels. This is done through the environmental assessment process,

which has become an integral part of lending operations and project

development and implementation worldwide.

a. ADB Policy (ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009)

6. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), a consolidated policy, describes

common objectives of ADB’s safeguards, lays out policy principles, and

outlines the delivery process for ADB’s safeguard policy. The SPS is designed

for application to current and future lending modalities and caters to the

varying capacities and needs of DMC clients in both the public and private

sectors and will supersede the three current safeguard policies.

7. ADB’s current safeguard policies are generally understood to be operational

policies that seek to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse environmental and

social impacts, including protecting the rights of those likely to be affected or

marginalized by the development process.

8. ADB’s SPS highlights a number of areas that require attention in ADB's

environmental assessment process. It addresses the need for more upstream

environmental assessment at the level of country programming, the need for

more structured consultation in the conduct of environmental assessments, the


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need for greater emphasis on monitoring and compliance with environmental

requirements during project implementation, and finally the need to view

environmental assessment as an ongoing process rather than a one-time event

9. ADB requires environment assessment of all project loans, program loans,

sector loans, sector development program loans, financial intermediation

loans, and private sector investment operations. The process of determining a

project’s environment category is based on a screening checklist that considers

the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Loans are classified into

category A (with potentially significant environmental impacts); category B

(with potentially less significant environmental impacts); category C (unlikely

to have significant environmental impacts); and a new category, FI, (credit

line for subprojects through a financial intermediary, or equity investment in a

financial intermediary). A project’s environment assessment category is

determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component,

including both direct and indirect impacts. An IEE is required for category B

projects, and an EIA, requiring greater depth of analysis, for category A

projects. No environmental assessment is required for category C projects

although their environmental implications nevertheless need to be reviewed.

10. The proposed Sukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is classified

as environment category B as per the ADB guidelines and following normal

procedures for project loans, an IEE was conducted. The IEE has been done

based on the checklist completed to support the environmental classification of

project under ADB (Refer Annex 2 for REA checklist).

b. National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines

11. Most of the national policies and laws of the Government of Nepal (GoN) are

in favor of environmentally sound economic development and growth.

Following table summarizes the relevant policies, acts and regulations and

guidelines that have been an integral part of the project and have been

reviewed during the preparation of the IEE report.


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Table 1: National Policies, Acts, Regulations and Guidelines

Policies

Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007

The interim constitution of Nepal realized environmental protection as the policy of the state. Clause (4) of Article (35) of the constitution states that ‘The State shall, while mobilizing the natural resources and heritage of the country that might be useful and beneficial to the interest of the nation, pursue a policy of giving priority to the local community’. The Clause (5) states that ‘The State shall make necessary arrangements to maintain the natural environment. The State shall give priority to special protection of the environment, and rare wildlife, and prevent further damage due to physical development activities, by increasing awareness of the general public about environmental cleanliness. Provision shall be made for the protection of the forest, vegetation and biodiversity, their sustainable use and for equitable distribution of the benefits derived from them’.

Second Three Year Interim Plan (2068 - 2071)

The interim plan provides the most recent guidance on urban sector priorities highlighting, in particular, the need to address the effects of rapid urbanization on service levels, water quality and scheme maintenance. It proposes the full integration of sewerage, on-site sanitation and solid waste management in all urban schemes and specially endorses cost recovery from consumers. Local authorities are responsible for overseeing project implementation but with private sector organizations playing increasing roles.

National Policy on Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, 2004

Provides guidance on water and sanitation service provision in rural areas using community led participatory approaches. While partially relevant t the urban context, particularly around the integration of inputs and local capacity building, it generally fails to address the complex operational challenges to be faced by Municipal authorities in implementing and managing urban services.

National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy, 2009

Formulated to provide the overall policy support and guidance towards achieving equity in service delivery by ensuring that the financially marginalized households within the system areas are mainstreamed as valid customers of service through design and implementation of financial incentives where so required. It aims to ensure that the roles and responsibilities of central and local government bodies, external development partners, private sector including NGOs and user groups are clearly defined in scheme implementation and regulation and performance management in accordance with national decentralization policy.

Acts and Regulations


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Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1997 & Environmental Protection Regulations

(EPA), 1999 (and amendments)

EPA and EPR have several provisions to institutionalize environmental consideration in development projects. Section (5) of EPA stipulates that ‘a proponent who is desirous of implementing any proposal shall have to submit such a proposal, accompanied by the report on Initial Environmental Examination or Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposal, to the concerned agency for the approval of such a proposal. The EPR elaborates provisions to prepare and submit the scoping report, Terms of Reference (TOR), and IEE/EIA report for approval and includes public consultation processes. As per the EPR, the Environmental Assessment report, in general, should include detail information on impacts and environmental protection measures, including implementation plan, monitoring and evaluation and environmental auditing. Public consultation is a pre-requisite in all the prescribed projects.

Local Self Governance Act, 1999 & Local Self Governance Regulations, 2000

The Act empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities. It also describes about the user group formation to implement the programs in the local areas. The Regulation has provisions for Village Development Committee (VDC), District Development Committee (DDCs) and municipality to coordinate and implement development projects/programs and to provide approval or clearance of the proposed project.

Water Resources Act, 1992 & Water Resources Regulation, 2000

Water Resource Act is an umbrella act governing water resource management. It declares the order of priority of water use; vests ownership of water in the state; prohibits water pollution; and provides for the formation of Water User Association and system of licensing. The Regulation sets out the procedure to register a WUA and to obtain a license and sets out the rights and obligations of WUA and license holders.

Drinking Water Regulations, 1998

Regulates the use of drinking water and deals with the control of water pollution and maintenance of quality standards for drinking water. It also sets out the conditions of service utilization by consumers

Nepal Water Supply Corporation Act, 1989 (and amendments) & Water Supply

Management Board Act, 2006 & Water Supply Tariff Fixation

Commission Act,2006

These acts facilitate the improved management of water and sanitation services. They establish the legal basis for private sector management of schemes and independent fee setting and regulation applicable to all urban schemes.


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Water Tax Act, 1966

Under the Act, the water user who use water through a tap distributed by the government is obliged to pay water tax as fixed by prevalent laws and charges are levied if the tax is not paid within the time as fixed by the law.

Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Act, 1987 & Solid Waste

(Management and Resource Mobilization Rules), 1990

As solid waste has direct impact on water supply system, discharge of solid waste in either public or private places have been prohibited under this Act. The rules entrusts Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Centre, established under the Act, to provide necessary service to individual or institution in managing solid waste. As such any water resource projects may obtain such service and maintain the water resource clean.

Land Acquisition Act, 1977 & Land Acquisition Rules, 1969

The Land Acquisition Act and the Rules are the two main legal instruments that specify procedural matters of land acquisition and compensation. Under these, the Government is allowed to acquire any private land paying reasonable compensation to the affected party for any public purposes or for operation of any development project initiated by government institutions and the water resources laying and originating within such acquired area is spontaneously acquired under this process.

Forest Act, 1993 & Forest Regulations, 1995 (including amendments)

Since forest has an important role in managing water resources, Forest Act has many provisions effecting the integrated water resources management of the country. The basic objective is developing and conserving the forests of the country. The government can provide parts of any type of forest for the implementation of national priority plan with the assurance that it does not adversely affect the environment. The Regulation further elaborate legal measures for the conservation of forests and wild animals.

Labor Act, 1992

The Act emphasizes on occupational health and safety of workers and stipulates provision of necessary safety gears and adopting necessary precautionary measures against potentially hazardous machine/equipment in the workplace. It also stipulates to make arrangements such as removal of waste accumulated during production process and prevention of dust, fume, vapor and other waste materials, which adversely affect the health of workers.

Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act, 2001

The section 3 of the act prohibits a child from engaging in work, sub clause 1 of the clause 3 states “Nobody shall engage in work a child who has not completed fourteen years of age as a labor and sub clause 2 states “Nobody shall engage a child in a risk full occupation or work set forth in the Schedule”. The section 4 states “Child not to be engaged in work


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against his will by temptation or fear or pressure or by any other means”

Town Development Act, 1988

The Act has provisions about the formation of town development committee in any town area to implement town planning and in carrying out the developmental and reconstruction work of that town.

Standards and Guidelines

National EIA Guidelines, 1993

In the process of implementing National Conservation Strategy (NCS) in 1990, the government of Nepal in collaboration with The World Conservation Union - IUCN developed a locally suitable environmental assessment guideline. Although National EIA guidelines are procedural guidelines, it substantially encouraged the proponent to prepare an EIA report of the prescribed development projects and programmes and serves as the primary source of integrating environmental aspects in major development projects. The National EIA Guidelines contains objectives, methods of screening projects requiring the level of environmental assessment (IEE or EIA), scoping, impact identification and prediction, report review, monitoring and evaluation and impact auditing ensuring public participation during the preparation of the IEE/ EIA report.

National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) and Directives, 2005

Provides details of the water quality standards to be applied to all water supply schemes. These set out the water quality parameters, which the water suppliers should adhere to. The directives also ensures that the water sampling, testing and analysis procedures used to certify that the drinking water supplied or to be supplied conforms to the NDWQS and also sets the monitoring and surveillance procedures to certify that the quality of supplied water conforms to the standards.

Water Resource Strategy, 2002

Provides a systematic framework for water resource development and identifies action plans to avoid and resolve conflicts and achieve water related development objectives. It has identified the need to integrate and coordinate all the uses of natural resources within the catchment basis and has laid emphasis on the development and management of water resources in a holistic, systematic manner, relying on integrated water resources management.

c. Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study

12. The main objective of the present IEE study for Water Supply and Sanitation

purpose is to fulfill the requirements pertaining to Rule 3, Annex G of Schedule

1 of the Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (including amendments 1999 and


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2007) and to ensure the environmental and social sustainability of the project. It

aims to help the decision makers to make informed decision about the project.

13. The specific objectives of the IEE study are as follows.

• To identify, predict and evaluate the potential beneficial and adverse impacts of

the project on the physical, biological and socio-economical resources in the

project area

• To suggest enhancement measures to augment the benefits of the project and to

propose suitable mitigation measures to avoid, minimize and compensate the

adverse impacts of the project

• To prepare appropriate Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP)

• To inform public about the proposed project and its impact on their livelihood

• To prepare an IEE as per the EPR, 1997

14. Scope: The present IEE study for the water supply and sanitation project is

proposed for SukhadTown ofDarakh VDC in Kailali district. The study focuses

on the adverse environmental impacts and its mitigation measures relating to the

location, design, construction and operation of all the project activities.

d. Relevancy of the Project

15. The proposed water supply and sanitation project is aneed to be studied from the

environmental point of view as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997(Amendments 1999

and 2007). The Proposed Water Supply and Sanitation Project is intended to

serve entire ward no. 4, ward no. 5 and ward no. 6 of Darakh VDC. Similarly,

the project covers ward no. 2, ward no. 3 and 4 and part of ward no. 5, ward no.

9 of Sadepani VDC. A small part of ward no. 7 of Ram Shikhar Jhala is also

included in the service area of the project. It is expected that on implementation

of the project the users of the area will be able to avail from adequate amount of

safe drinking water and need not resort the use of tube wells and arsenic content

water to fulfill their water needs. The project needs to go through IEE process as

stipulated in EPR 1997(Amendments 1999 and 2007). The proposed project

shall rely on the ground water sources. On the basis of information in Sukhad

the general depths of the wells range from 100 to 125 meters and screen length


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of 30 m. And the safe yield from a well size 300/200 mm should be in the range

of 20-25 liters per second. The Project does not involve construction of any

tunnels; relocation of people or households, there is no need to settle any

households above the gravity source, and construction of river training works

(more than 1 km) is not required. The project is expected to benefit a design

population of about 32,469. The groundwater abstraction for the proposed

drinking water augmentation is very miniscule compared to the available

groundwater resources of the aquifer.

16. As the proposed project falls within the definitions provided in the EPR

1997(Amendments 1999 and 2007) Annex 1 (G) for drinking water projects;

only an IEE shall be necessary. The regulation stated in Annex 1 (H) shall only

be applicable, if the proposal does not fall under categories (A) through (H) of

Annex 3. Table 2 compares the status of the project point by point against the

conditions defined by Environment Protection Act 1997 and Environment

Protection Regulation 1997 (and its amendments 2007) for which a drinking

water would require IEE or EIA.


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S. N Condition described in the Act and

Regulations

IEE Required as per the

Regulation Annex 1 g

EIA Required as per the

Regulation Annex 3 h Conditions in the project

1 River Control (training) Up to 1 kilometer Over 1 kilometer NA

2 Channeling Water from one Watershed to Another

Applicable Applicable NA

3 Rain Water Collection and Use of Spewing Wetland

Up to 200 hectares More than 200 hectares NA

4 Supply of Water in Dry Season from Surface Water Source with a safe yield of

Up to 1 cusec and utilizing up to 50 % of the available quantity

More than 1 cusec and utilizing the total available quantity

NA

5 Ground Water Recharge Up to 50 % of total aquifer More than 50 % of aquifer NA

6 Water Treatment Up to 25 litre per sec More than 25 litre per sec Within the limit

7 Construction of Tunnel for Channelling Drinking Water

Tunnel constructed Not constructed

8 Water Resource Development which Displaces People Permanent Residents)

25 to 100 people Over 100 people Not done

9 Settlement of People Upstream of Water Source

Settlement of up to 500 people Settlement of above 500 people Not done

10 Supply of water to a population of 5, 000 to 50, 000 Over 50, 000 The water supply system is

Table 2: Criteria for Requirement of IEE and/or EIA for Drinking Water Supply Projects as per Annex 1

and Schedule g and Annex 3 Schedule h of Environment Protection Regulation 1997 Amendment 2007

Compared with the Situation of the Project


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S. N Condition described in the Act and

Regulations

IEE Required as per the

Regulation Annex 1 g

EIA Required as per the

Regulation Annex 3 h Conditions in the project

design for distribution of water to a total of 16056 population

11 Connection of New Source to Supply Water to existing water supply system for a population of

10, 000 - 100, 000 More than 100, 000 the current population of the project is 16056 and the design population is 32469

12

Operation of a drinking water supply system with inclusion of sewage disposal system with sewage treatment system

Installed Installed Sewage design system and reed bed treatment plant has been proposed to install in the Sukhad bazaar itself.

13

Extraction of ground water from sources which are located at point and non-point sources of biological and chemical pollution and/or their influenced areas.

Not done Done No non point and point sources of pollution is present in the vicinity of the water source

14

Operation of water supply project included in a multipurpose project utilizing a source of 25 liter per sec water. (Construction of Multiple Purpose Reservoir Required)

Not operated Operated This is not a multipurpose project and is solely for water supply


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e. Approach and Methodology

17. The present initial environmental examination report has been prepared based

on the terms of reference (TOR) approved by the ministry of urban

development, of the government of Nepal. The studyhas followed the provisions

outlined in the Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and Environmental

Protection Regulation, 1997 and Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of the Asian

Development Bank (ADB). The major activities undertaken during the

preparation of IEE are outlined below.

• Desk study

18. The available secondary data such as relevant information, documents, related

maps, aerial photographs, newspaper etc. and the engineering report of the

project and other relevant documents were thoroughly reviewed. Policies,

legislations and guidelines relevant to the project were also referred to. The desk

study also involved the preparation of questionnaire/checklists/matrices for

collection of primary data for both bio-physical and socio-economic

assessments.

• Field Work

19. A detail field investigation was carried out during April 2012 in order to collect

the baseline information on the basis of physical, socio economic and cultural

environment of the project area. The local communities were consulted to

comprehend the existing social and physical nature of the area. A walkover

survey was carried out to identify the environmental structures and to gather

relevant baseline information. The details of the field study on various aspects

(physical, biological and socio-economical) are as follows and the questionnaire

used for socio economic survey of the project area is listed in Annex 8.

• Physical Assessment

20. Existing physical attributes of the project area were studied through

topographical map and site observation, complemented by secondary source of

information from reports and interviews.


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• BiologicalAssessment

21. The ecological attributes of the area were gathered during the field survey.

Information on vegetation pattern, wildlife, parks and reserves, sensitive habitats

were collected. Identification of wild flora and fauna, rare and endangered

species were done during field observation and by questionnaire survey. The

scientific names of the flora and fauna were later recorded using secondary

data/references.

• Socio-economicAssessment

22. Socio-economic and cultural environment of the project such as population,

community structure, distribution of income, source of livelihood, and expected

water users were obtained through various secondary and primary sources of

data. These included literature review, questionnaire survey, focus group

discussion, and the suggestions and comments obtained from all relevant

stakeholders through public notices and public hearing process.

• Data Processing

23. The information obtained from the desk study and field works were processed in

a standard format to maintain consistency. The data were tabulated and maps

were interpreted. The mitigation and monitoring measures were then proposed

based on the impacts indentified during the study.


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B. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1. Location and Accessibility of the Project Area

24. The proposed Sukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation project is located in

the Darakh VDC of Kailali district in the far western region of Nepal. The

project area lies about 50 km east from Attariya and 20 km west of Lamki. The

nearest airport is located in Dhangadhi which is serviced by regular flights from

Kathmandu. Sukhad is connected to Uttar Pradesh province of India through the

border town of Bhajani, which is located 20 kms south wards. Historically,

Sukhad village is the one that lies along the track joining Achham district to the

Indian border point Bhajani .The road connecting Sukhad is MRM highway.

2. Existing Water Supply and Sanitation Situation

a. Water Supply System

25. There is an absence of improved drinking water supply system within the

project area. The pipe water supply deficit has led the majority of population of

the area to depend on the shallow hands pumps. The only source for the supply

of water to the population of the service area is groundwater. At present people

are fulfilling their need of water by drawing water from the shallow hand

pumps.About 80% of the people living in the area depend on these hand pumps

to meet their daily water demand. Although water needs are being fulfilled to an

extent, the concerning issues is the presence of arsenic in the water. The locals

have exclaimed the difficulty they are facing dealing with arsenic presence

water, in the absence of safe drinking water. The shallow hand pumps have

depth in the range of (10 to 70 feet) where the water is easily susceptible to

contamination and pollution.

26. The desire to acquire clean and safe drinking water to the peoples of the project

area has led to the initiation and acceptance of this project. The hardship of

water has connected people to unite and work together to bring safe drinking

water to their doors.The average water use is 220 liter per household per day in

the dry day and 140 l/hh/d in the wet season. If average household size is

estimated as 6.1 then about 36 lpcd in the dry season and 23 lpcd in the wet

season is consumed.The service area being located in the Terai region, the


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climate is found warm and humid. This also adds in the higher percentage of

water demand by the people especially for bathing as they tend to sweat a lot

due to hot climate and washing of clothes for similar purpose. This is one of the

main reasons for the greater amount of water consumption in the dry season as

compared to wet season.

27. Warm places and puddles of muddy water are best hub for the growth of

infectious mosquitoes and other disease causing agent. To avoid such incidence

for the occurrence of any diseases water plays a major role. The availability of

water will provide them with enough quantity for the cleaning, washing, bathing

and also a provision to help prevent gastro intestinal diseases. It will also add a

plus in preventing skin related disease.

b. Sanitation Facility

28. The sanitation facility in Sukhad is still in basic condition. The latrine coverage

of the project area is poor. About 64% of the HHs have access to water seal

latrines while 25% have pit latrine or ventilated pit latrine. Most of the houses

were although having some kind of latrine in their area, they were not

maintained properly. The hygiene and cleanliness were not maintained. In

houses having water seal latrines they had a better hygienic condition than those

houses having pit and ventilated pit latrines. Among 10% of the houses not

having latrines is due to economical condition and some not knowing how to

build latrines. They rather go for open defecation in the open space. This not

only brings bad nuisance odor to people passing by but also acts as a vector for

diseases. There are no public toilets in the market place or in the bus park.

People have claimed the need of sanitation facility and toilets in the public

places.

c. Drainage Facility

29. There are no proper surface drainage facilities available in the project area

except approximately 500 m of surface drain is present in the market area

(Bhajani road). Besides this there is no other surface drainage system. The

project area is situated at flat terrain. Due to this, water logging takes place

frequently in the rainy season. The size of existing drain system is also not

adequate to carry all the discharged water to the particular system. The absence

of proper drainage system within the project area has made people feel its


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necessity at least in the core market area and if possible within the

community.Though the Sadepani Drinking Water and Sanitation Committee are

initiating to construct some surface drainage system, the community claimed the

necessity for the implementation of drainage improvement in the area within the

project area at first.

d. Solid Waste Management

30. There is no defined agency to look after the solid waste management system

within the project area. There is no system for collection and disposal. Most of

the shopkeepers collect and throw the solid waste on the bank of Donda River.

While majority of individuals collect and dispose solid waste themselves

especially in their own premises.

3. Type, category and need of the subproject

31. The proposed "Sukhad town water supply and sanitation project" is a ground

water based water supply system project covering entire ward no. 4, ward no. 5

and ward no. 6 of Darakh VDC. Similarly, the project covers ward no. 2, ward

no. 3 and 4 and part of ward no. 5, ward no. 9 of Sadepani VDC. A small part of

ward no. 7 of Ram Shikhar Jhala is also included in the service area of the

project. The project comprises of two major components- water supply and

sanitation.

32. The water supply part comprises of a pumping scheme. Two schemes have been

proposed in Darak VDC and Sadepani VDC. In Darak VDC two new deep tube

wells will be placed at Peepal Danda, ward no 5; along with one test borehole to

exploit the groundwater. While another two new deep tube well will be placed

in Chittalpur, ward no 3 of Sandepani VDC. The depth of the tube well will be

in the range of 100 – 125 meters. As deep tube well is proposed for the project,

the risk of arsenic contamination is not there.

33. The absence of piped water supply system has compelled the local people to

depend on the hand pumps to fulfill their needs. These hand pumps are more

prone to contamination resulting in many health issues. In addition, some hand

pumps get dry up in summer seasons due to lowered water table. If water table

depth goes beyond 7 m depth, the suction hand pumps could not deliver

water.The Study of the project area indicates that the community people


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areaware of quality of water served for drinking purpose. As household that

resort to hand pumps face high risk of contamination, in this scenario, to avoid

poor quality of water and avail enough proper drinking water services, the

consumers in Sukhad felt the need for a reliable and sustainable system. In light

of this situation and desire for better and improved services, the consumers of

Sukhad organized themselves to approach the Second Small Towns Water

Supply and Sanitation Sector Project to assist them in their quest. As a result of

their efforts, the government has given the consent and project has been

undertaken through SSTWSSSP as per their rules and regulations.

4. Size or Magnitude of operation

34. The water supply system has been designed for a base year population of 17,574

(Darakh base year population 11,577 and Sandepani base year population 5997).

The design year population for the year 2030 is 17,864 for Darakh VDC and

9684 for Sandepani VDC. The system has been designed to extract ground

water from deep tube wells for a total design year population of 27548. The

systems also consist of water treatment facility along with the twoRCC overhead

tank of 200 m3 capacity each one in Darakh and the other in Sandepani.

35. The total water supply demand for these years has been presented in Table- 3

Table 3: Total Water Demand

S.N. Type of Demand Demand (ltrs.) 2030

1 DomesticDemand/day 2754800.00 2 Non Domestic Demand/day 275480.00 3 Leakage and Wastage 335077.00 Total 3365357.00

Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2011

5. Proposed Schedule for Implementation

36. The exact schedule for implementation of the project will be known after the

work has been assigned to the contractor. For the feasibility study, detailed

engineering design study and construction, three years period has been assigned.

Therefore the base year for the project has been as the year 2015 and the design

year has been taken as the year 2030.

37. The main task associated with the project will be as follows.

• Review of detailed engineering design

• Preparation of working drawings


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• Preparation of quantity and cost estimates

• Carrying out of economic and financial analysis and level of water tariff

• Preparation of socio technical profile

• Environmental study of the sub project area

• Preparation of tender documents

• Awarding of contract

• Construction

• Operation and Maintenance

38. The project has been designed with the principle of active community

participation from the design stage itself. The implementation strategy of the

project is based on the community management approach, which includes

encouraging the financial responsibility towards the improved facility.

Therefore, user participation at the outset of the planning and design exercise is

an essential requirement. The community has to contribute 50% of the total

construction cost. Out of which 5% has to be deposited before implementation

of the project as upfront cash. Another 35% - 45% to be contributed taking the

loan from TDF. The loan should be recovered within the time frame of 15 years

with 5 years of grace period, along with the interest of 5% per annum through

their affordable water tariffs plus. Tariff raised by the service has to support

towards maintenance of the supply system of the water supply system. DWSS is

acting as the initiator/coordinator for the purpose.

6. Project Requirements

a.MaterialsRequired for Constructions

39. The following Table 4shows the materials required during construction and

operation of Sukhad town water supply and sanitation project.


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Table4: Materials Required

Particulars Unit Quantity Source Adequacy

Cement Bags 10417 Dhangadhi Sufficient

Aggregate Cu m 875 Dhonda River Sufficient

Sand Cu m 3850 Dhonda River Sufficient

b. Human Resource

40. The proposed Sukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, entails both

skilled and unskilled laborers for its construction and operation in the proposed

site. As such for this work a total of 14800 skilled labors and 95670 unskilled

labors are required. The laborers estimation was made on the basis of rate

analysis and as far as possible they will be hired from the local market and

adjoining areas of Dhangadhi and Mahendranagar and also from adjoining areas

of India.

7. Description of the sub project

41. The Sukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been designed as a

ground water based water supply system that will provide sufficient quantity and

good quality of water to the residents of Darakh VDC, Sandepani VDC and a

small part of Ram Shikhar Jhala. The water supply component of the project

consists of following construction components.

• Deep Tube Wells

• Pumps and Pumping System

• Electrical Facilities

• Treatment Facilities

• Overhead Reservoir

• House (Private) Connection

• System Appurtenances

• Generator/ Pump Houses

• Water Quality Testing Laboratory

• Guard Quarter/Office Building

• Boundary Wall


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42. The sanitation component of the project consists of a construction of a public

toilet (3 Nos.). There is also procurement of tractor along with trolley for

carrying of solid waste and septage carrying vehicle. There is also a construction

of sludge drying bed to deal with all the sludge generated from the waste water.

43. The salient feature of the project is given in Table - 5

Table 5:Salient Features Of Sukhad Town Water Supply And Sanitation Project

S.N. Items Description

A Project Detail

1 Name of the Project Sukhad Water Supply and Sanitation Project

2 Type Pumping (Lifting)

3 Study Level Detail Engineering Study

4 Location Area

Region FarWestern Development Region

Zone Seti

District Kailali

VDC/Municipality Darakh, Ram Shikhar Jhala, Sandepani

Ward Darakh: 4, 5 & 6. Ram Shikhar Jhala: 7. Sandepani: 2, 3, 4, 5 & 9.

5 Available Facilities

Road East-West Highway

Electricity Available

Communication Available

Health Services Available

Banking Facilities Available

B Detail of System & Design

Component Darakh Sandepani

1 Source Characteristics

Source Type Ground Water Ground Water

Source Location Peepal Danda,ward no.-5 Chittalpur, ward no.-3

Safe Yield (lps) 20 20 2 Type of Structures

(a) BoreHole Drilling 2+1Test BH 2

Pumps 3 2

(b) Electricityline, Transformer and Generator

1 1 set


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 21

(c) Water Storage Tank ( Capacity / Nos.)

200 OHT 200 OHT

(d) ValveChamber 42Nos. 34 Nos.

(e) Guard + Generator House / Boundary Wall

1 1

(f) Household connection 2377

(g) Fire Hydrant 7Nos. 4 Nos.

(h) Electro-Mechanical Treatment Plant

1 set 1 Set

3 Pipe Line

HDPE Pipe (Km) 9.73 10.65

GI Pipe (Km) 11.94 17.11

DI Pipe (Km) 11.14 4.88

Total 32.80 32.64

4 Social Status Darakh Sadepani Total

Present Population (2012) 10,621

5,435 16,056

Base Year Population (2015) 11,577

5,997 17,574

Design Year Population (2030) 17,864

9,684 27,548

Growth Rate % 3.0% 3.0% 3.0%

Household Numbers (2012) 1,621

795 2,416

5 Total Cost of the Water

Supply Scheme 155,598,658.00 118,821,031.00

6 Total Cost of the Water

Supply Scheme of Both Sub-

Systems

NRs 274,419,689

7 Cost Sharing Arrangement

GoNComponent (50 %) NRs 137,209,845

TDF Loan (35% ~ 45%) NRs 123,488,860

WUSC's Contribution for upfront (Cash 5 %)

NRs 13,720,984

8 Tariff

Average Income : Monthly bill (NRs / m)

651.00

Minimum HH Income : Monthly bill (NRs / m)

270.00

9 Economic Analysis

FIRR 3.90%


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 22

EIRR 17.86%

10 Environment B, Only IEE necessary B, Only IEE necessary

ADB Category No significant adverse impact. No significantadverse impact.

IEE finding

11 Cost Per Unit/Per Capita Cost

For Base Year Population (water supply component)

15615.10

DesignYear Population 9961.51

12 Total Cost of Sanitation

Components

Total Cost of Waste Water Management System of Immediate Needs

NRs 10,458,873

GoN Component (85 %) NRs 8,890,042

Local Body contribution(15%) NRs 1,333,506

13 Total Cost of the Water Supply Scheme excluding Sanitation Components

NRs 274,419,689

14 Total Cost of Project

including Immediate Needs

Of Sanitation Components

NRs 284,878,562


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Figure 1: Schematic Layout of Project Components in Darakh


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Figure 2: Schematic Layout of Project Components in Sandepani


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C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Physical Resources

a. Topography

44. Topographically the town of Sukhad lies on a flat land in the Terai, south of the

Siwalik, at elevations ranging below 500 m above mean sea level. The elevation

of the town is about 172 m above mean sea level in Kailali district of the Seti

Zone. Sukhad is an emerging town located along the MRM highway in Darakh

VDC. It is located between 80o57'30" N latitude and 28o40'10" E longitude

respectively

45. On the basis of the topography it lies on the southern part of Siwalik (Churia

range of hills) which can be further divided into two major units i.e. Bhabhar

zone and the Indo – Gangetic Plain. The location map of Sukhad is shown below

in Figure- 3

Figure 3: Location Map of Sukhad , Kailali District


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Figure4: Design Layout of Project Components


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Figure5: Design Layout of Waste Water


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b. Geology and soils

46. Geographically Sukhad is situated in the Bhabar zone deposit. The material of

this zone is derived principally from erosion of the rocks found in the Siwalik

Hills. The Bhabar deposit is very poorly sorted and contains a large proportion

of coarse- grained material ranging from sand to boulders. The coarser size

fractions appear to be lenticular in lithological successions. The material is

coarse in the north and comparatively fine in the central and southern parts.

47. There are intercalated finer sediments as well. Soil types vary from alluvial to

clay. The thickness ranges from a few meters to more than hundred meters.

48. Also the Terai Plain extends southward from the Siwalik (Churia Range) and

consists of Quarternary to Pleistocene aged unconsolidated sediments. It is a

continuation of Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is covered by Recent and old alluviums.

The thickness of alluvium is around 1500 m and the rocks of Churai Group

(Siwalik) lies below the alluvium. The main structure around the area is MBT

(Main Boundary Thrust).

49. Base on the nature of the sedimentation and geomorphology of the area, the

Nepalese Terai lying south of Siwaliks can be sub-divided into two major units,

the Bhabhar zone and the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

• Bhabhar Zone

50. Bhabhar Zone: Bhabhar zone extends southward from the Siwalik foot hill and

is underlain by very coarse and highly permeable sediments, mostly pebbles,

cobbles and boulders deposited in coalescing fans and as colluvium for the

Siwaliks. These sediments are deposited as outward fans at the mountain front

where the rivers enter the Terai Plain. The thickness of the sediment ranges from

few meters to more than a hundred meters. The Bhabhar zone becomes narrow

at the inter-stream area. This zone is considered as the major recharge zone for

the aquifer lying in the further southwards became of the pourly sorted, highly

permeable sediments.

• Indo-Gangetic Plain

51. Indo-Gangetic Plain: Indo-Gangetic Plain lies southward or Bhabhar zone and

consists of relatively sediments (gravel, sand, solid and clay). Because of their

fluviatile origin and constant shifting of stream channels these deposits are


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 29

cross-bedded, eroded reworked and redeposit. The Gangetic Sediments merge

with the Bhabhar sediments in the north.

52. The thickness of the unconsolidated sediments increases southwards with the

general decrease in sediment size. The Bhabhar zone and Indo-Gangetic Plain

can be demarcated by spring line which is the result of change in grain size of

the deposits as well as change in the elevation.

c. Climate and Rainfall

53. The average temperature ranges between 6.4oC (min) to 40o C (max) with

annual daily average of 25o C. Average rainfall which is based on records of

meteorological station at Dhangadhi airport is as 1804 mm. The mean annual

relative humidity (average of years 1991-1994) ranges from 68 to 76%

(Climatological Records of Nepal 1991-1994, May 1997, Godawari West

Station).

54. The area has a monsoon climate (hot rainy summer and cool, dry winter). About

80% of annual rainfall occurs during monsoon period. Compared to the central

and eastern parts of Nepal, the area experiences higher winter rainfalls.

55. The project area has a tropical and sub-tropical climate with temperatures

ranging from 6°C to35°C and May is the hottest month throughout the year.

d. Ecological resources

a. Flora

56. Sukhad is characterized by its tropical vegetation type with the occurrence of

Willow (Salix sp.) occurring at the lake shoreline. The terrestrial vegetation is

dominated by Sal (Shorea robusta) forest. The prominent associate species

include Black pulm (Syzygium cumini), Myrobalan (Terminalia alata), Silk

Cotton (Bombax ceiba) and Haldu (Adina cordifolia).

57. Ghodaghodi lake area possesses rich biodiversity. The wetland vegetation

consists of Sedge (Cyperus spp.), common reed (Phragmites karka) and

morning glory (Ipomea carnea spp. Fistulosa). The aquatic vegetation is

represented by extensive coverage of floating leafed species, mainly Lotus

(Nelumbo nucifera) followed by water cabbage (pistiastratiotes). The free

floating species include water velvet (azolla imbricata) and Duckweed (Lemna

spp.). The abundant submerged species include water Nymph (Naja


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minor),Hydrilla(hydrilla verticillata) and Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum).

In general, the vegetation is in floating leaved succession stage. Reed swamp

formations are found as floating islands and extensive marsh meadow conditions

are found in the south- east corner. A total of over 450 species of plants have

been recorded from the Ghodaghodi lake area.

58. The forests found in Sukhad are predominantly Sal (Shorea robusta). The main

associates of the Sal are ashna (terminalia tomentosa), khair (acacia catechu),

jamun (syzigium cumini), harro (terminalia chebula), Barro (terminalia

belerica) and simal (salmalia malabarica).

b. Fauna

59. About 27 species of fish have been recorded in the Ghodaghodi lake area

including species such as Cirhinia spp., and Notopterus notopterus,oxygaster

bacailia, puntius spp., Chanda spp., chana spp., xentodon cancila, mystus spp.

Clarius batrachus and hetropneustis fossils.

60. Ghodaghodi is renowned for the large turtles residing in this lake. A small

population of Marsh Mugger crocodile also resides here. It is also an important

habitat for the endangered golden monitor lizard (Varanus flavescens) and the

Indian rock python(python morulus). There were number of snakes, frog and

toad species found, including tree frogs.

61. About 140 species of birds, both migrant and resident, representing over 16 % of

national avifauna has been reported from the Ghodaghodi lake area (Baral

1992). The lakes support nearly 1% of the SouthAsian cotton teal population.

The floating vegetation provides as excellent habitat for waterhen and jacanas.

The surrounding forest provides a good vantage point for birds of prey and

kingfishers. Bird life around Ghodaghodi seems to be active expect for the

absence of large waders (storks, ibises and egrets). Due to much of the fishing

activity at the shoreline, the bird life in the lake seems a little disturbed.

62. Common bird species include house sparrow (passer domesticus), common

mynah (acridotheres tristis), house crow (Corvus splendens), and Parrot

(Psittacula sp.).

63. Most of the area has been turned into agricultural farmlands and so wildlife has

decreased to an extent. Common mammals that exist nearby Sukhad town are

the house rat (musmusculus) and common house rat (Rattus rattus). Other wild


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animals found are rabbit (Lepus nigricollis), wild boar (Sus scrofa), Rhesus

Monkey (Macaca mulatta), Deer (Cervus unicolor) and Nil Gai (Blue Bull).

There are many types of snakes out of which the most common ones are

Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and Cobra (Naja naja).

64. Due to easy access fodder collection, land encroachment and hunting are

common. Due to these activities there has been a loss of the large mammals that

were once common in this forest e.g. the Royal Bengal Tiger and the spotted

deer have disappeared from this forest, the smooth coated otter frequent the

Ghodaghodi Lake for fishing. The most common mammals include the Rhesus

Macaque, the Golden Jackal, the Jungle cat and the grey Mongoose.

c. Protected Area

65. The Ghodaghodi wetland is a protected area. The lake system is a cluster of 14

lakes, which are located in a rectangular area of 5.5 km by 1.5 km, the total area

under water is about 258 ha. Ghodaghodi Lake possesses rich biodiversity.

66. Ghodaghodi Lake is one of the four Ramsar wetland sites which is of great

importance. The lake is fed by surface flows from the watershed area,

groundwater, springs and small streams. Ghodaghodi lake areas have been

declared as a protected area. Although with the existence of the declaration as a

conservation area, wetland biodiversity is under the peril from encroachment of

wetland habitat, unsustainable harvesting of wetland resources threatened

mostly by anthropogenic interventions rather than the natural phenomenon.

According to EPR 1997 any action pertaining to loss or damage to the plant or

animal etc. incorporated in the inventory or falling under conservation area is

strictly prohibited. Since any anthropogenic and construction activities indulged

in the proposed project is outside the vicinity of the lake and its surrounding.

The sukhad town water supply and sanitation sector project is not expected to

adversely affect the Ghodaghodi area since the proposed water intake, septage

drying and solid waste management sites and most of the distribution area are

located outside and mainly downstream the Ghodaghodi wetland.


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2. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

a. Demography

i. Population and Settlement Pattern

67. There are total 2,416 household in the project area. The service area covering

three VDC are namely Darakh with ward no. 4, 5, 6 ;Ram Shikhar Jhala with

ward no.7 and Sandepani with ward nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 as project beneficiaries.

The total population enumerated of the project area is 16056 out of which there

is 7936 male population and 7691 female population. The percentage of the

male and female population is 50.78% and 49.21% respectively and the ratio of

male population to the female is 1.03. The average HHs size is 6.5 and the

average family size is above the national average (5.45, CBS, 2011).

68. The core area of Sukhad Bazaar and rural settlement area are densely populated

except some of the outskirt areas within Darakh VDC of ward no. 6 and ward 2,

3, and 9 of Sadepani VDC which is still growing. Most of the households in the

area such as Shivanagar, Janakpur, Loharpur, Sundarpur and Pipaldada of

Darakh VDC, ward no. 5 and such areas have concrete houses and few rural

households as well.

69. The major occupation of people living within the project area is mainly

agriculture. This serves as a prominent source of income for majority of the

family. The survey showed that 63.70% families rely on this occupation. The

place is then replaced by people involved in business with only 15.89% of it.

While among the rest of the population, few are involved in services, few in

industry, some based on daily wages and only very little are jobless.

ii. Caste and Ethnicity

70. Kailali district is highly diverse in terms of caste and ethnicity. People belonging

to different caste hold their individual customs, traditions, culture with which

they acquaint their identity and nature of occupation with which they are

associated. Chhetri and Brahmin hold the highest coverage in the project area

with 59.19%. Among the other Janajati (tharu, chaudhary, magar,) include 809

HHs of the total HHs and Dalit follows 156 HHs. The total household of the

project area distribution according to their caste is shown in table below.


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Table6: Distribution of HHs by Ethnic Group

Ethnicity Total HHs %

Brahman/Chhetri 1430 59.19 Janjati 809 33.49 Dalit 156 6.46 Other 21 0.87 Total 2416 100

Source: Socio-Economic Survey, 2012

b. Health and Sanitation

i. Health

71. District hospital is located only in Dhangadhi which is 1.5 hrs driving from

Sukhad bazzar. Whereas health post (government run) in Nimdi is located in

Sukhad VDC. So, people (about 53%) visit the health post. The newly

established private hospital named GhoraGhori Hospital Pvt. Ltd. located in

ward no. 5 of Sukhad where majority of people (around 70%) are getting

different curative and preventative health services from the hospital. Apart from

the above, seven no. of private clinics are providing health services in the

service area. People are becoming more conscious towards health and have

been trying, avoiding practice of using poor drinking water in the service area.

Of the total population, majority of respondents are not satisfied (96%) and only

few (4%) respondent have reported satisfaction in the access of drinking water

and both are aware about the poor quality water and its relation to health issues.

ii. Sanitation

72. The sanitation situation is poor in the entire area. Most of the houses in the

Sukhad bazzar have pour flush latrines, where still many of the houses in its

periphery are lacking such facility. In the rural areas very few houses have

toilets. Most of the population in the areas still practices open defecation on the

banks of the rivers.

73. At present about1731 HHs have latrine in the project area. Majority of the HHs

have water seal 1115 HHs (64%) and ventilated 221HHs(12.07%), Khalde 211

HHs(12%), Cistern flush19 HHs and other types 165 HHs respectively. The

families residing on the temporary dwelling in the project area are often found

practicing the defecation haphazardly on the stream, jungle, roadside and open


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 34

field those who do not have toilets. Also the main sanitation related problem in

Sukhad is the handling of human waste from septic tanks. There are no sweepers

in the area. Whenever required, they are hired from Dhangadi with relatively

higher cost.

Table 7: Distribution of HHs with Existing Latrines

Latrine

Exits Darakh

Ram Shikhar

Jhala Sadepani Total %

Yes 925 32 774 1731 71.65

No 598 48 39 685 28.35

Total 1523 80 813 2416 - Source: Socio-Economic Survey, 2012

Table 8: Types of Latrines

Type of

Latrine Darakh

Ram

Shikhar

Jhala

Sadepani Total %

Pit 159 8 44 211 12.19

Ventilated Pit

25 1 195 221 12.77

water Seal

708 23 384 1115 64.41

Cistern flush

19 0 0 19 1.10

Other 14 0 151 165 9.53 Total 925 32 774 1731 -


iii. Animal waste management

74. The common livestock reared in the project area includes cow, buffalo, goat,

pig, and poultry. Most of the households are keeping their cattle, pigs, goat and

chicken in separate shades outside their houses. Some HHs are still keeping such

animal inside their houses.

75. The sanitary condition of the households who have been rearing livestock inside

the houseare be comparatively poor than those houses rearing it outside and also

keeping it outside. Similarly, a significant number of household have built sheds

close to their houses, which has also affected the sanitary condition adversely.


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 35

c. Education Facilities

76. The number of people being literate is on the verge of only half way through so

far. The total number being hardly literate and the number being illiterate is

almost colliding. Although literacy percentage is higher compared to illeterate

ones, it still requires an effort to scale it to the utmost level.

77. About 21% of the total population of the project area is illiterate. They had no

formal education and 22% reported are literate. The survey revealed that 18% of

the total have completed primary level, 15% secondary Level and about 7.40%

have completed the SLC level education. Nearly 7.64% had received

intermediate level education and only 6.% had a bachelor’s level of education.

About 1.5% has completed the Master level education. Of the total of below 5

years aged children, could be considered as non- school going children due to

their tiny age. The table below shows the division of level of Education as per

the VDC.

Table 9: VDC Wise Percentage Distribution of Population by Level of Education

Education

Darakh

Ram

Shikhar

Jhala

Sadepani

Total %

Illiterate 195 12 70 277 21.81 Just Literate

190 13 79 282 22.20

Primary 150 13 68 231 18.19 Secondary 116 8 66 190 14.96 SLC 64 1 29 94 7.40 I. A 65 3 29 97 7.64 B. A 53 2 22 77 6.06 M. A 12 - 7 19 1.50 Others 1 - 2 3 0.24 Total 846 52 372 1,270

Source: Socio-Economic Sample Survey, 2012

d. Physical and Cultural Heritage

78. Ghodaghodi lake area is the most important cultural and religious center in the

area. The lake is of a great religious value and the shrine of the Ghodaghodi

deity is worshipped by the Tharus in Agan Panchami in December and animals

are sacrificed and the lake is used for bathing during the occasion.

79. Dashain, Tihar, Holi, Teej, Chatt are some of the festivals celebrated in the

district.


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e. Employment

80. Agriculture is the main source of income in the project area as 63.70% people

are involved in the agriculture. Apart from this profession 15.89 % of total HHs

is engaged in business and third highest around 9.19% of total HHs are engaged

in some kind of service related activities. Likewise, approximately 1% of the

total are involve in industrial activities , some are based on daily wages that

includes 5.2% HHs and occupation such as remittance and foreign job HHs

accounted for approximately 4.72%. Similarly, not answered and no job holding

HHs are nearly by 0.5% respectively. The table below defines detail of

distribution of household by their occupation and their major source of income.

Table10: Percentage Distribution of HHs by main Occupation and Source of Income

Major

Occupation

Total

HHs %

Agriculture 1539 63.70 Business 384 15.89 Services 222 9.19 Industry 19 0.79 Foreign Jobs 114 4.72 Wages 126 5.22 Others 4 0.17 No Job 8 0.33 Total 2416 100 Source: Socio-Economic Survey, 2012

3. Economic Development and Prospects of Growth

a. Land Use

81. The land use pattern of the Kailali district shows anticipation towards its

transformation from rural areas to urbanization especially in Sandepani VDC

and Darakh VDC. About 2.5% of the service areas covered by Darakh VDC

ward no 5 and 4 and Sandepani VDC ward no 3 and 4 mostly cover the main

bazaar area which is taken as close to saturation and remote/rural pattern

settlements. Within the cultivation area, there are clusters of compact but most

are spread out settlements on its periphery. The clusters are connected with

earthen or graveled roads, and there is a huge inclination towards urbanization

and increase in the settlement growth, particularly after the water supply project

commencement. Sukhad bazaar has mostly expanded along the Bhajani road and

it is still on its way to expansion to other areas.


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b. Infrastructure

i. Transportation

82. Sukhad is well linked to the East-West Highway, thereby to Attariya and

Dhangadi. Dhangadhi being the headquarter of Kailali district is a main hub for

the flow of transportation to other regions. It has the airway facility with regular

flights to and fro from Kathmandu valley. Also Dhangadhi being only two hour

drive from Sukhad is an easy access for market and other facility available at the

core center. The most common means of transportation in Sukhad are are buses,

trucks, cars, motor- cycles, tractors and bicycles. There is considerable length of

black topped road on the eastern side along the Mechi Mahakali highway.

ii. Drinking Water Supply

83. The people of Sukhad are still deprived of pipe water supply system services. At

present their needs are although being fulfilled by shallow hand pump but the

threat of arsenic presence in those wells are still a matter to resolve. Thus the

small town water supply project provides a privilege for the consumers to

obtain safe drinking water at their house doors. Almost 80% people depending

on these hand pumps are drinking unsafe water.

iii. Surface Drainage, Sanitation and Sewerage.

84. The topography of most parts of the service area is flat land so the need of

surface drain system is inevitable. Although a small surface drain is seen in the

market area but these are not in proper condition and need rehabilitation. The

size of existing drain is also not adequate and may result in water logging during

the rainy season. In few areas the surface drain has been blocked by masonry

materials, plastics and leaf litter as a result of which there is overflow in certain

parts along the surface drain. The inner areas of the Sukhad bazaar also need a

proper storm water drainage system.

85. The Sukhad bazaar does not have a solid waste collection and disposal service.

The local shop owners have hired some individuals to collect and dispose the

solid waste. The collected waste are dumped far from the residential site but still

there consist of mixture of all kind of waste. There is no segregation carried out

and even the hospital wastes are sometimes dumped along. Thus to avoid the

immediate nuisance odor solid wastes are regularly collected from the bazaar


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areas and disposed off at different vacant lands and river banks. To add more

improvement on the system of collection and disposal solid waste needs to be

separated and the residues should be properly disposed. This requires areas for

the separation of the solid waste and disposal. A proper landfill must be planned

and constructed.

86. In the project area about 71.6% household have access to some kind of latrines

where as the rest 28.4% household do not have any types of latrine in their

premises. This absence of latrine has brought them to an excuse for open

defecation. Nevertheless the lack of sanitation in the proposed service area also

includes absence of any public toilets. This has made it more difficult for people

to practice hygienic sanitation throughout the project area. The effort towards

the initiation to adopt proper sanitation system can still be found because

children at school are being made to practice it, since every school and college

has at least one toilet.

iv. Electricity

87. The project area has electricity facility. Almost 80% of the houses in Sukhad are

supplied with electricity.

v. Communication

88. Sukhad has good communication facilities including telephone lines and a post

office. They have been facilitated with mobile phone services which include

GSM, CDMA, NCELL, NTC mobile, etc. Most of the organizations in the

district have telephone as well as internet facilities. There are also some cyber

centers where they have internet, printing, scanning and fax sending facility.

c. Economic Characteristics

i. Industries

89. Industries are almost non-existing in the service area. Ghodaghodi Lake presents

itself as a very good potential for the tourism industry. Presently, on an average

around 50 tourists, mostly from Nepal and India visit the place every day. As

transportation and communication facilities are already available at Sukhad,

provision of adequate tourism infrastructure and other facilities should not be

too difficult. The hotels and lodges at Sukhad only cater to the needs of local

people and do not offer comforts like attached toilets or running water required


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 39

for the tourists. Due to this most tourist prefer to stay overnight at Dhangadhi,

which is acquainted with much better and comfortable, standard hotel. The steep

increase in land prices in Ghodaghodi village along the highway indicates that

the local inhabitants are aware of tourism potentials, and are willing to invest.

ii. Agricultural Development

90. As agriculture being one of the major sources of income generation for the

people of the project area, it has aided in contributing in totality to the

agricultural sector of the nation. The agricultural products mostly grown here

include rice, wheat, maize, oil seeds, lentils and sugar cane. Vegetables products

including potatoes, cauliflower, peas are mostly consumed locally. Mangoes and

bananas are also grown here.

iii. Mineral Development

91. Mineral exploitation activities are non-existent and there are no mineral based

industries in the project area. The project area comprises of small business

enterprises. Big industries involving in the extraction of minerals from the

surrounding project area are not in existence and project related activities will

not bring anydevastating changes to the original state.

iv. Tourism Industry

92. Sukhad has tremendous potential of being a good tourist destination for both

internal as well as external traveler. Although the airport is only in Dhangadhi, it

is not very far from Sukhad. The major attraction for tourist here is the

Ghodaghodi Lake.

d. Development Organization

93. Apart from educational institutions there are few NGO, CBOs and project and

private offices in the service area. Banking services are available within the

VDC. There is one semi governmental bank that is Agriculture Development

Bank. It is also in action with other private banks such as Sunrise Bank Limited,

Navjeeban Bank and other 3 cooperatives providing financial service delivery

and also carries out financial transaction.

e. Major Environmental Problems

94. Some of the major environmental problems prevalent to Sukhad are as follows


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 40

• Lack of landfill site for solid waste management.

• Lack of proper management of sewage within the project area

• Lack of proper toilet facility in public places


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D. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

1. Beneficial Impacts

95. The development of water and sanitation facilities will have numerous

beneficial impacts to individuals as well as to the entire community. Availability

of clean and adequate drinking water and sanitary facility are basic human

needs. Also any development efforts aimed at improving water and sanitation

needs of an area will significantly contribute towards improving the quality of

life of that area.

96. Some of the major beneficial impacts of the project and their maximization

measures are described below.

a. Construction Phase

i. Employment Generation

97. The project will generate direct employment opportunities to the local people of

the area. As the project involves construction work it will offer a grand

opportunity for various skilled and non-skilled work forces.As the work

involves construction of two OHT, about a total of hundred locals will have the

opportunity to work and earn. The amount of money earned by the local people

will directly affect the local economy thereby reducing the chances of seasonal

migration of the local people. The project will provide short term direct

employment benefit to majority of the construction workers and even long term

employment to few workers during the operation of the project. In order to

augment such benefits, priority will be given to employ local laborers as far as

possible

ii. Skill Enhancement

98. The construction of the project will not only provide direct employment

opportunities but also ensure the transfer of skills and technical proficiency to

the local workforce. The project activities such as drilling, constructing tanks,

drains, slope stabilization methods will provide transferable skills. In future

these skills will be a plus point for the locals in any relevant work as such. Such


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 42

benefit will be augmented by making a proper work plan and code of conduct

during the construction period

iii. Local trade and business opportunity

99. The proposedSukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project will directly

add in building business opportunity with in the area. As construction work

involves a lot of manpower, a number of shops pertaining to food items

and,agriculture and livestock product will gain a momentum around the vicinity

of the construction site. This will boost on local trade and business sector.

b. Operation Phase

i. Improved health and hygiene

100. Deteriorating water quality and unsanitary conditions are often the causes of

water borne communicable diseases. The survey report showed that the people

in the project area are mostly dependent on water drawn from shallow hand

pumps, which have high chances of contamination and have high risk of Arsenic

presence. After the implementation of the project; the health and hygiene of the

local people will improve and will help to reduce the occurrence of water borne

communicable diseases in the area. As the water served to the community will

be better in quality and in quantifiable amount the risk of water borne disease

will be reduced to 80% from present state. This will also help them in bringing a

decrease in their medical expenses by 90% from a value of NRs 10000 per year

to NRs 1000 Per annum for a person suffering from such diseases 4 to 5 times

every year. In order to enhance such benefit regular maintenance of the water

supply and sanitation components should be done so that the project operates

smoothly and the benefits are intact.

ii. Increased economic opportunity

101. After the completion of the project there is a possibility of migration of people

from rural areas towards the town due to better facilities and transcend

opportunities. The increased economic level will add a great value to the land

uplifting their economic status. These benefits can be maximized by ensuring

regular maintenance of water supply and sanitation components and by

promoting land development activities in the area.


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 43

iii. Women empowerment

102. Women and girls are mainly responsible for household activities such as

fetching water and cleanliness. Improved water supply and sanitation will

contribute towards better health and hygiene of women, girls and the entire

household members. The time they save from fetching water from distant

location, which is almost 2 hours for a single fetch, and cleanliness can be

utilized in other economic activities. The beneficial impacts to women and girls

can be enhanced by conducting health and awareness programs to the local

community.

2. Adverse Impact

103. The potential impacts of the proposed Sukhad Town Water Supply and

Sanitation Project may be physical, biological and socio-cultural in nature and

can occur at various phases of the project such as the design phase, construction

phase and operation and maintenance phase. The magnitude of the impacts can

be small, moderate or high depending upon its severity and can be temporary or

last permanently. The impacts are not necessarily always negative; some

impacts are positive as well. The attempt is to augment the positive impact and

remove or minimize the negative impacts by applying suitable mitigation

measures. The summary of the anticipated environmental impacts and the

mitigation measures are given in Table - 10.

a. Pre-construction Phase

i. Environmental Impacts due to Project Location and Design

104. Before the commencement of the actual construction work, it is necessary to

identify the impacts that could alter the present environmental state and also

cause delay in the construction work. Such impacts are mostly related to the

location and design of the project and its components. It is important to consider

such impacts as they are permanent in nature and can considerably affect the

activities in later phases of the project.

105. One of the pre-construction impacts is related to the location of major structures

of the system such as boreholes, OHT, treatment plant and sludge drying bed

etc. There are chances of conflict with the locals during the selection of the

above structures. Legal obstruction may result in delay of work and create


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 44

unnecessary disputes. Such issues will be mitigated by the, involvement of the

local people and concerned agencies for selecting the appropriate location of the

structures, by forming user committees that can own and manage the utility; by

conducting awareness programs and by obtaining necessary letters of approval

and agreement for acquisition of sites and properties.

106. There could be risks associated with the abstraction of the ground water such as

chances of inadequate yield of the aquifer and excessive abstraction which could

affect the discharge of existing shallow hand pumps and eventually lead to land

subsidence. To mitigate such impacts, the design will consider a yield

monitoring program especially to measure the abstraction percentage during the

dry season. The project will be redesigned with alternative water sources if the

proposed abstraction rate exceeds sustainable yield. There will be a gap on the

extraction of water and the boreholes which are to be used alternatively to avoid

excessive withdrawal. The arsenic amount present in ground water is decreased

as the depth of well is increased. The water quality test in shallow well showed

the presence of arsenic beyond NDWQS. The water quality test results

areshown in Annex 7.

107. There is a risk of water contamination especially in those areas where water

storage tanks are located. To avoid such risks, a properly protected intake and

storage tanks need to be designed and distribution pipes are to be located away

from drains to avoid infiltration of drain water.

b. Construction Phase

I. Physical Environment

i. Disturbance of Land System and Soil Erosion

108. Construction related activities such as drilling of boreholes, vibration and trench

excavation during lying of pipes and during construction of sludge drying bed

system, can affect the local land system and cause soil erosion and silt run off.

The unsettled street surfaces could bring about ponding of water and create

disposal problems. Since the proposed area is flat terrain, the chances of slope

disturbances and landslides are minimal. However the land disturbances and soil

erosion will be minimized by taking precautionary measures such as applying

bioengineering techniques, gabion walls etc. A proper care will be taken while


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 45

drilling boreholes so that there is minimal vibration; excavated soil will be

reused and proper backfilling of the trenches will be done and the excavated soil

will be placed properly against erosion.

ii. Surface and Ground Water Quality

109. The Ghodaghodi Lake (one of the Ramsar Wetlands) has an area of 2563 ha and

is a natural freshwater oxbow lake. It is fed by the monsoon rains and by surface

flows, groundwater springs and small streams. There are 13 or more associated

lakes and ponds and some streams separated by hillocks around the lake. It is 1-

2 meters deep during the dry season and 3-4 meters during the monsoons. The

seasonal rivers Kandra and Donda are adjacent to the lake. However, no surface

water sources either pumping or for gravitational scheme is available for the

project. The only alternative available is extraction of ground water form deep

tube well. The majority of people in Sukhad area depend on hand tube well for

water.

110. The excavated soil from the construction of the project, if not properly managed,

will eventually find its way to the surface water and may increase the turbidity,

sometimes causing reduction in the dissolved oxygen of such water bodies. As

far as possible, construction work will be avoided during the rainy season so that

the impact will be minimal.

111. The risk of Ghodaghodi lake being affected by the implementation of the project

is very rare and minimal. The lake although lies on the track of project area, its

surrounding habitat and the lake itself will remain unaffected. All the activities

are significantly far from the lake site and it does not involve any courses to

bring any negative impact on the lake area. To bring more concern towards

Ghodaghodi lake preservation the activities will not be implemented near to its

premises. The excavated soil will be managed on the other side of the lake and

no activities towards bringing any pollution will be strictly monitored

112. There is a possibility of ground water pollution from the waste water generated

during drilling of boreholes and tube well construction. Proper protection such

as construction of impervious borehole platform etc will be adopted to ensure

there is no contamination from the released waste water.


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iii. Impact from Quarrying of Raw Materials

113. The construction of borehole, sludge drying bed, overhead tank and other

structures of the project will require river bed materials, boulders, and other

construction materials. The extraction of these materials from inappropriate

places or in excessive amount will cause damage to the local environment and

accelerate erosion, landslide, disturb drainage pattern and cause water logging

and water pollution. To mitigate such impacts unstable and erosion prone sites

will be avoided for quarrying and only approved quarries will be used. After the

extraction is complete, the quarry site will be properly leveled to suit the local

landscape.

iv. Air and Noise Pollution

114. The vehicles used for loading, unloading and transportation of the construction

materials create nuisance noise and release gases that are harmful to the

atmosphere. Apart from this the excavation activities will release dust and

particulate matters, and the drilling machine will emit some dust and smoke and

create noise. All these effects are temporary and will last during the construction

period only. Use of old and worn out equipment and vehicles and low quality

fuel will be prohibited to minimize noise and air pollution. The equipment will

be checked by technicians before the commencement of work and the equipment

producing lofty noise will be prohibited at night as far as practical. To minimize

dust and particulate matters, water will be sprinkled and the construction

materials will be covered with tarpaulin during transportation to avoid dust

generation.

II. Biological Environment

i. Degradation of Cultivated Land and Vegetation

115. Among the two OHT, one will be constructed in Peepal Danda and the other

will be constructed in Chitalpur. The land chosen for construction in Sandepani

belongs to Dasarath higher Secondary School and for Darakh it belongs to Shiva

Shakti Community forest users group. Both the organization has given the

consent and approval for the use of land for construction. There will be some

disturbance of vegetation in the project area especially in Darakh, which

requires clearance of vegetation. Some of the topsoil and vegetation will be lost


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 47

during pipe laying works. Minimization of vegetation clearing and careful

cutting of ground vegetation will be done. Trees and shrubs will be planted

wherever possible. About 20 – 30 numbers of trees will be planted in the

overhead tank site along the border to act as a buffer zone.

III. Socio-Economic Environment

i. Impact to Local Residents

116. The construction related activities that generate dust, noise and impede access

could disturb the local residents. To minimize the disturbances, construction

work will be conducted as quickly as possible. The local residents will be

consulted and informed about the disturbances in advance. Temporary

diversions and signboards will be provided for the pedestrians.

ii. Problems from Outside Work Force

117. Haphazard disposal of solid waste and improper sanitary conditions generated

by the construction workers may cause pollution of surrounding environment

and affect the health of local people. A mechanism for the safe disposal of waste

will be developed in the project site and a labor camp will be constructed before

the actual commencement of work and unwanted littering and discharge of

waste will be prohibited.

118. Some social problems will arise due to irresponsible behavior of the work force

such as gambling, alcoholism and disrespect to local people and their culture.

The contractor should give proper instructions to the workers for them to act

responsibly and prohibit activities such as alcohol uptake and gambling in the

work site. Given that local people are engaged in the work, this will minimize

the chances of cultural discrepancy and conflict due to increased labor from

outside.

iii. Occupational Health and Safety

119. During the construction work, the laborers involved in the construction activities

may be exposed to different level of health risks and are prone to accidents. A

site health and safety plan will be prepared encouraging use of safety measures

such as mask, helmet, hand gloves and rubber boots. The laborers will be

insured for their health and safety. Workers working at a certain height above

the ground especially during the construction of the OHT will be provided with


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 48

the safety belts and other safety gears as required. First aid box will be kept at a

proper and easily accessible place. The general public will be excluded from all

the construction sites.

c. Operational Phase

i. Contamination of distributed water

120. Improper operation and management could lead to contamination of distributed

water increasing the chances of water related diseases in the consumers. Regular

water quality monitoring of water in the distribution system will be carried out

and the staff will be trained and supervised.


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Table 11: Overview of potential environmental impacts and Mitigation Measures/ Sukhad

S.N. Project

Activity

Potential

Environmental

Impact

Duration Magnitude Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible

Institution

Mitigation

Cost (NRs.)

Water supply component

Location and Design Phase Impacts

1. Location of boreholes and OHT and treatment plant

1.1 Dispute in intake selection

1.2Riskof insufficient yield in the chosen area

1.3 Conflict with local people

Permanent Moderate • Public consultation and awareness program

• Formation of users committee 121. Review of

design, estimates and

specifications

DSC, DWSS Site belongs to WUSC

2. Ground water pumping (abstraction)

2.1 Risk of inadequate yield of aquifer

2.2 Excessive abstraction could affect the deep tube wells aquifer

2.3 Excessive abstraction could lead to land subsidence

2.4 Risk of arsenic contamination

Permanent (during dry season)

Small • A continuous yield monitoring program, will be designed especially for the abstraction percentage during dry season flow

• Redesigning project with alternative water source if the proposed abstraction rate exceeds sustainable yield.

• The water is proposed to be drawn from a depth of over 120m, below the impervious level which would have insignificant effect to the existing shallow hand pumps. Furthermore, the boreholes are to be used alternatively to avoid excessive with drawl and pump only required amount of ground water

• Water quality analysis will be done

DSC,DWSS Cost incorporated in the contract amount


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• Testing of arsenic in water as soon as possible. Redesign with an alternative borehole source if arsenic occurs.

• Contingency plan in case arsenic occurs during operation.

3. Design of Water storage tank and distribution system

3.1 Risk of contamination of distributed water

3.2 Spread of

epidemics

Permanent Significant • Properly protected intake and storage tanks will be designed and distribution pipe will be located away from drains (to avoid infiltration of drain water

• Adequate source and intake protection measures shall take place.

• A program for yield monitoring shall be designed and implemented.

DSC Cost incorporated in the Contract

Construction phase Impact

4. Drilling of boreholes

4.1 Generation of waste water

4.2 Surface runoff and transportation of excavated materials to nearby bodies

4.3 Disturbance of the land system

4.4 Contamination of ground water

Temporary Moderate • Reuse of water by the consumers in the nearby settlements to irrigate their farmland and vegetable gardens

• Care will be taken while drilling boreholes so that there is minimal vibration and disturbances

• Proper protection during and after drilling and cleaning of the well after drilling

WUSC, contractors

Cost incorporated in the contract

5. Quarrying of raw materials

5.1 Disturbance of land system, erosion and landslide

5.2 Changes in morphology of water system

Temporary Moderate • Unstable and erosion prone sites will be avoided and only approved quarrying sites will be used

• Quarry site will be leveled to suit the local landscape after extraction is complete

DSC, contractors Cost incorporated in the contract


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6. Trucks and

tractors used for the transportation of construction material and noise during construction activity

6.1 Noise pollution 6.2 Air pollution due

to release of emissions

Temporary Small • Use of old and worn out equipments and vehicles, low quality fuel will be prohibited to reduce the noise and air pollution.

• The equipments will be checked by technicians before the commencement of work and working in night shift with equipments producing high noise will be prohibited.

• The construction material will be covered during transportation to avoid dust generation

• The residents will be consulted and informed about the work in advance.

Contractor Cost incorporated in the contract

7. Excavation and digging of trenches during drilling and other construction work

7.1 Unorganized disposal of excavated earth

7.2 Soil erosion, silt

runoff 7.3 Possible pollution

of surface water 7.4 Deterioration of air

quality due to dust 7.5 Disturbance to the

pedestrians

Temporary Moderate • Precautionary measures will be taken during construction to avoid caving

• Excavated soil will be placed safely against erosion

• Reuse of excavated soil and backfilling of trenches will be done

• Safe disposal of excavated soil • As far as possible construction

activities will be avoided in the rainy season.

• Sprinkling of water to avoid dust • Temporary diversions and

signboards will be provided for the pedestrians


8. Waste management and disposal

8.1 Generation of excess grease, solid waste and other construction waste

Temporary Moderate • Mechanism of safe disposal of waste will be developed in the project site before the actual commencement of work



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8.2 Pollution of nearby

irrigation canals and water bodies

• Prohibition of unwanted littering and discharge of waste

9. Distribution pipes along the roadside

9.1 Obstruction in pedestrian and traffic movement

9.2 Removal of excavated material can affect the local land system (erosion and soil instability)

Permanent Moderate • Care will be taken while excavating and laying pipes so that there is minimal vibration and slope disturbances

• Excavated soil will be dumped in outer side of trench opposite to roadside and backfilling will be done properly

• Excavated soil will be placed safely against erosion

Contractors Cost incorporated in the contract

10. Clearing of natural vegetation (cultivated land, agricultural land)

10.1 Loss of vegetation and habitat

Permanent Small • Provision of minimization of vegetation clearing and careful cutting of ground vegetation

• Plantation of tree and shrub where ever possible.

Contractor, WUSC


11. Construction activity

11.1 Local residents could be disturbed by noise, dust and impeded access

Temporary Small • Work to be conducted as quickly as possible to minimize disturbance

• Residents will be consulted and informed about the disturbances in advance


12. Influx of

outside workforce

12.1 Problems due to irresponsible behavior of work force (e.g. gambling, disrespect to the local area and people)

Temporary Moderate • All the workers will be instructed to act in a responsible manner

• Prohibition of alcohol, gambling • Local people will be employed as

far as possible


13. Occupational 13.1 Risk of accidents Temporary Significant • A site health and safety plan Contractor Cost


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and Community Health and Safety

to the workers and public

including safety measures such as provision of (personal protective equipment, PPE) will be prepared and implemented

• First aid will be kept at hand in working area

• General public will be excluded from all the construction sites

• Insurance will be provided to the workers.

• Conduct campaigns to raise awareness of health and sanitation.

incorporated in the contract

Operation and Maintenance Phase Impact

14. Distribution of water

14.1 Risk of contamination of water in distribution system

Permanent Significant • Regular water quality monitoring of water of the distribution system

• System staff will be trained and supervised

WUSC, PMO

Cost covered by WUSC

Sanitation

Location Impact

15. Location of sludge drying bed

15.1 Public health hazard

15.2 Rejection of the location by locals

Permanent Moderate • Sludge drying bed will be located at a place only after consulting all the stakeholders

DSC,WUSC Cost included in the contract

16. Seepage from the sludge drying bed

16.1Pollution of ground water from seepage due to sludge drying bed

Permanent Moderate • Sludge drying bed will be properly designed to avoid possibility of ground water pollution and public health hazard. The effluent will be discharged near to the Donda Khola.

• Provide clay liner and geo membrane at the bed to prevent from the seepage reaching the ground water.

DSC Cost included in the contract

Construction Phase Impact


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17. Excavation of soil (during construction of sludge drying bed and latrines)

17.1 Unorganized disposal of excavated earth

17.2 Surface runoff, pollution of water ways

17.3 Nuisance to pedestrians

17.4 Deterioration of air quality due to dust

Temporary Moderate • Safe disposal and re-use of excavated soil

• Sprinkling of water to avoid dust • Temporary diversions and

signboards will be provided to the pedestrians

Contractors Cost incorporated in the contract

18. Clearing of natural vegetation (cultivated land, agricultural land)

18.1 Loss of vegetation and habitat

Permanent Small • Provision of minimization of vegetation clearing and careful cutting of ground vegetation will be done

• Trees and shrubs will be planted wherever possible

Contractor WUSC


19. Occupational and Community Health and Safety

19.1 Risk of accidents to the workers and public

Temporary Significant • A site health and safety plan will be prepared and implemented


Operation and Maintenance Phase Impact

20. Operation of sludge drying bed

20.1 Nuisance due to odor and vectors

20.2 Nuisance to the neighboring areas due to transportation of sludge

20.3 Flooding of bed during rainy season and bed clogging

Permanent Moderate • Regular O&M of the sludge beds (Lime spreading on the beds) will be done

• Vector breeding sites and resting sites will be modified (e.g using appropriate chemicals, spray)

• Providing buffer zone around the area and planting trees in the buffer zone to cover sludge drying area

• Properly covered transportation systems will be provided

WUSC, PMO Cost covered by WUSC


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20.4 Pollution of nearby stream due to discharge of effluents

• Quality of effluent and river water will be regularly monitored

21. Operation of latrines (public toilets)

21.1 Pollution of shallow ground water used for domestic purpose

21.2 Nuisance due to odor, insects and rodents

Permanent Significant • The latrines/soak pits will be kept away(more than 50 m) from tube wells

• Proper maintenance and regular emptying

WUSC

Nominal

22. Solid waste management

22.1 Pollution of river water due to waste disposal

22.2 Nuisance to neighboring areas due to transportation of waste

Permanent Moderate • Waste sorting and disposal will be properly done

• Waste will be transported via truck or tractor (waste to be properly covered in the vehicle) to an appropriate site selected by WUSC

WUSC PMO

Cost covered by WUSC


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E. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE WITH AND WITHOUT

PROJECT SITUATIONS

122. The aim of the project is to provide safe and sufficient water supply to the

residents of Sukhad in Kailali district. The various alternatives to achieve the

objectives of the project with minimum impact to the environment are presented

in the following sub-sections.

1. Design Alternative

123. The proposed project has been formulated to provide reliable and continuous

drinking water supply in adequate quantity and quality to the consumers of the

service area. In order to achieve that, a new system needed to be designed with

additional sources of water, increased distribution network and enhanced storage

facilities. Although Ghodaghodi Lake lies on the project area its usage for water

supply is socially not accepted. It is declared as a Ramsar wetland. Seasonal

river such as Kandra and Donda are present adjacent to Ghodaghodi lake. But in

the project area no surface water source both for pumping and gravitational

source is not available. Thus theonly potential source of water for the proposed

water supply system Sukhad is groundwater.The project has been designed to

exploit ground water from deep tube well. Two deep tube well each placed in

Darakh and Sandepani are allocated for the extraction of ground water. The

depth of the tube well being in the range of 100 to 125 m, there is hardly any

risk of arsenic contamination. The water quality test gives affirmation of its

safety as its parameters are within the NDWQS standards. At 70 feet deep water

tested from test bore hole at Sandepani showed 0.022 mg/l presence of arsenic.

As the depth increases the arsenic content also decreases. However the arsenic is

reduced by aeration or by sand filter employing iron nails. Nails will promote

adsorption of arsenic consequently arsenic is reduced. Therefore the proposed

project has been envisaged to streamline the various systems and develop a

reliable and sustainable system. The present project is designed with due

consideration of these aspects and thus the proposed design has no alternative.


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2. Project Site/Location Alternative

124. No significant adverse environmental impacts are found with present location of

the project. The location of the sludge drying bed is finalized after consultation

with the local community (i.e Land near Dhonda Khola) and distribution lines

are fixed with minimum impacts on the environment. The location of major

structures especially the overhead tank, borehole, and distribution pipe line will

be retained as decided during interaction with WUSC and beneficiaries.

Therefore, the proposed location of the project has no alternatives.

3. Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw

Materials

125. The technologies proposed in the project are reliable. The source of water, being

ground water exploited from a deep aquifer, is a reliable one. Its yield is found

to be at the same range during all seasons. The yield of the proposed tube well is

expected to adequately serve the consumers of the project area. Altogether 4

deep boreholes have been proposed (include one test borehole), which will be

used alternately to avoid unnecessary wear and tear, excessive drawdown and

reliability. For ground water, it has to be pumped against the static head of about

25 m from the borehole by mechanical and electrical equipments. The proposed

sources are found technically viable for the proposed system.

126. The work involved is labor intensive and minimum use of mechanical

equipment is involved. Most of the construction work will be done manually,

avoiding heavy equipment which will produce minimum environmental impacts.

Trained human resources will be employed.

127. The working procedures proposed are participatory one and the beneficiaries

will be actively participating in all the phases of the project. Except from some

mechanical equipment for drilling of boreholes, most of the raw materials used

will be local in nature. Similarly, as far as possible, local people will be

employed for the project so that the chances of conflict are minimal.

4. No Project Option

128. The No-project alternative prevents the implementation of the project. Such

action will impede the local people of the area from having the facility of safe


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and sufficient drinking water and also living in sanitary environment. If the

project is not implemented, the people will have to continue depending upon the

existing shallow hand pumps which are not safe for drinking purpose as there is

a high risk of arsenic contamination. It also limits the chances of socio-

economic development of the area. Even areas such as bus parkdon't have toilets

where there is so much rush of people.

129. On the other hand, if the project is implemented, the people of the area will not

only benefit from the supply of safe and sufficient drinking water but also

improve their health and hygiene conditions. The project implementation will

create job opportunities, thereby improving the socio-economic condition of the

local people and help in improving their quality of life. . The Implementation of

the proposed project will produce only negligible and insignificant

environmental impacts. The do-nothing option will be able to avoid some minor

environmental impacts; however, difficulty of having safe and reliable water

supply; remoteness and poverty of the area will remain intact. It will also

improve the sanitation condition of children and people in the area providing

better hygienic state.


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F. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION

ANDPARTICIPATION

130. One of the important objectives of IEE is to facilitate the participation of all the

stakeholders and general public right from pre-construction phase of the project

to its operation. Several consultations were held with the locals in the project

area to understand their views of the project and to get their consensus.

131. The project has involved a variety of concerned groups, including non-

governmental organizations, line agencies, community based organizations and

local people while preparing the IEE report. After the TOR was approved from

the MoUD, a public notice was published in Rajdhani Daily on 3rd November,

2012 informing the local people and stakeholders about the project and to

obtain suggestions about the possible environmental impacts and likely

mitigation measures during the implementation of the project. A copy of the

notice was also displayed at concerned VDC office, local school, health posts

and other public places. (Annex 3)

132. During the field survey Focused Group Discussion were held with the local

people and public meetings were held in local area to understand the public

attitude and views and to get consensus of the project. Written forms of

suggestions were collected during the meeting and from relevant government

agencies. The recommendation letters from the concerned agency has been

attached in Annex 5. During the public consultation, the project objectives were

explained and people were requested to give their opinions and suggestions. The

lists of key people contacted are given in Annex 6.

133. The main issues raised during the public consultation were regarding-

• Information dissemination of the project (SSTWSSSP)

• Roles and responsibilities of WUSC, community and other stakeholders

• Required cash contribution and the modality of the project: WUSC and

community were fully aware of it and they are ready to co-operate with the

team during implementation of the project. They had even already collected

the upfront cash required to start the project. They also wanted to know what


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 60

the responsibilities of WUSC, community and the government would be after

the completion of the project.

• Choice among alternative systems: During the feasibility study, three option

alternatives were proposed by the consultant. Between these alternatives, the

WUSC and the beneficiaries preferred to choose the first alternative with two

separate schemes for Darakh and Sandepani and accordingly they acquired the

required land for it.

• Inclusion of some left out areas: If any area is found left during the time of

feasibility study, it would be included during the final survey.

• Water Quality Assessment: It is assumed that there might be a possibility of

presence of traces of Arsenic. However the real problem will be known only

when the test drilling will be done and water will be tested. The type of

treatment required will be decided only after observing the water quality test

report.

• Drainage and Sewage System: Due to lack of fund these components could not

be constructed at present but would be considered in near future. Currently,

septic tanks are in use in the urbanized area and in the rural areas, pit latrines

are in practice.

• Overhead tank:Each overhead tank of 200 m3capacity will be placed in

Darakh and Sandepani respective located area. The OHT will be circular RCC

tank. The base of the overhead reservoir tank is proposed at an elevation of at

least 20 meters above the ground. This will insure adequate pressure at the

pipe line of the system.

134. The draft IEE will be sent to DWSS and ADB for review and comments. After

incorporating the comments and suggestions from all the concerned

stakeholders, final IEE report will be prepared and sent to MoUD for approval.

135. The information about the project is disclosed not just by active participation of

stakeholders during the public consultation process but also formally by making

related materials available in a form and at a location that is easily accessible to

the stakeholders. This normally involves making the draft reports available (in


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 61

local language) at public locations in the community and providing a mechanism

to obtain the comments and suggestions back from the community. ADB

encourages governments to upload all the documents into their website. The

Executive Summary of the IEE study is made public through depository library

system and ADB websites. The full IEE of the proposed project is posted on

DWSS website also made available to the interested parties upon request.


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G. GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM

136. The projects also aim to facilitate a grievance and redress mechanism to address

the environmental and social concerns of the community who are affected by the

project activities. The proposed project doesn’t involve resettlement of any

community, and a Resettlement Plan that addresses the Grievance Redress

Mechanism (GRM) is not necessary. However, all the stakeholders are to be

made aware of the project-specific GRM so that there is an appropriate channel

of communication and a formalized procedure to settle disputes.

137. The process requires a GRM committee to be established at the local level to

assure accessibility to the Affected Person or Stakeholder. The committee

should consist of members with sufficient knowledge about the project, with

technical know-how and expertise and someone aware about the socio-cultural

dynamics of the community. The GRM requires that issues and comments are

first lodged with the local level GRM committee for handling of grievances at

project site. The GRM committee should conduct their meeting within 3 weeks

of receipt of complaint and solution needs to be provided at meeting within the

very week.

138. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, the GRM committees need

to submit it to the PMO. The PMO with assistance from Environmental

Specialist and WUSC experts will resolve the grievance. If the grievance cannot

be solved by the PMO, it will be referred to the VDC and district DWSS. The

grievance is required to be solved within 2 weeks by VDC but if it cannot be

resolved even by VDC and DWSS, the case will be referred to the court of law

to adjudicate the matter.


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Figure 6: Grievance Redress Mechanism

Affected

Person

VDC

GRMCom

mittee

PMO

WUSC Environmen

talSpecialist

DWSS

RedressG

rievances

Court of Law

Grievance/ Complaint


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H. MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE

IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT AND

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

1. Mitigation and Monitoring

139. Environmental Monitoring is necessary to check the implementation of

environmental measures in a manner that had been prescribed earlier and to

ensure that the project activity complies with the environmental protection

standards. Monitoring can be done before the project construction begins

(Baseline Monitoring); during the construction and operation phase (Impact

Monitoring) and periodically even after completion of the project activity

(Compliance Monitoring).Construction and operation phase monitoring of the

mitigation measures will mainly consider the following impacts.

140. Construction phase: Soil erosion; sedimentation and slope stabilization;

vegetation clearing; change in hydrology of surface waters; water, air and noise

pollution; solid waste; land intake ac compensation; health, safety and sanitation

of the work force; and traffic management

141. Operation phase: Drinking water treatment operations; discharge of waste water

into surface waters ; sludge disposal; and quality of drinking water supplies

142. Some of the baseline monitoring that needs to be done before the start of the

construction activities so as to compare the results before and after the

construction works are as follows:

143. Monitoring of air quality and noise levels (vibration) before and during the

construction work

144. Water quality analysis of the nearby streams (Kandra and Donda stream) in

order to examine the physical, chemical and biological quality of the water.

145. Water quality analysis of the shallow water hand pumps and wells at various

places used by the local people

146. The Monitoring Plan is designed in a way that it has been approved and

monitored by the contractor who ensures that the mitigation measures are

followed during the construction period. It also requires regular and periodic

monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during the project operation

over the years following project completion. A detailed monitoring plan giving


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the mechanisms of monitoring for the environmental impact and the mitigation

measures are given in the Table 12.


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Table 12: Environmental Monitoring Schedule

S.N Impacts Mitigation Measures Parameters to be

Monitored Location Frequency

Responsible

for

Monitoring

WATER SUPPLY COMPONENT

Location and Design Impacts

1. 1.1 Dispute in intake selection

1.2 Risk of insufficient yield in the chosen area

Public consultation and awareness program (for location of boreholes)

Meeting workshop, group discussions

Project area One time DWSS, DSC, WUSC

Formation of users committee

Presence and composition of user committee

Project area

One time

DWSS, DSC

Review of design, estimates and specifications

Technical design and specification reports

PMO office After submission of design reports

DWSS, DSC

2. 2.1 Risk of inadequate yield of aquifer

2.2Excessive abstraction could affect the existing shallow tube

2.3 Excessive abstraction could lead to land subsidence

A continuous yield monitoring program, will be designed especially for the abstraction percentage during dry season flow

Source discharge (especially during the dry season)

Abstraction site One time (before final design and construction for source discharge)

Monthly for excessive abstraction

DWSS, DSC

Redesigning project with alternative water source if the proposed abstraction rate exceeds sustainable yield

Technical design PMO office After submission of design reports

DWSS, DSC


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The water is proposed to be drawn from a depth of 100 to 120m, below the impervious level which would have insignificant effect to existing shallow tube wells. Furthermore, boreholes are to be used alternatively to avoid excessive withdrawal and pump only required amount of ground water

Technical design

Abstraction site

Monthly

DWSS, DSC

3. 3.1 Risk of contamination of distributed water

3.2 Spread of water epidemics

Properly protected intake and storage tanks will be designed and distribution pipe will be located away from drains (to avoid infiltration of drain water)


PMO office, distribution site

One time (before final design and construction)

DWSS,

4. 4.1 Conflict with local people Public consultation and awareness program(for location of treatment plant)


Project area One time DWSS, DSC WUSC

CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS

5. 5.1 Generation of waste water

5.2Surface runoff and transportation of excavated materials to nearby bodies

5.3 Disturbance of the land

Reuse of water by the consumers in the nearby settlements to irrigate their farmland and vegetable gardens

Reuse of water Construction sites As needed WUSC

Care will be taken while drilling boreholes so that there is minimal vibration and disturbances

contractor records As needed DSC


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system

5.4 Contamination of ground water

Proper protection during and after drilling will be done

contractor records

As needed DSC

6. 6.1 Disturbance of land system, erosion and landslide

6.2Changes in morphology of water system

Unstable and erosion prone sites will be avoided and only approved quarrying sites will be used

Contractor records Quarry areas One time DSC

Quarrying activities from rivers/streams will not be done so as to change the river cross sections and longitudinal profiles

Contractor records Quarry areas One time DSC

Quarry site will be leveled to suit the local landscape after the extraction is complete

Contractor records

Local aesthetics

Quarry areas One time DSC, WUSC

7. 7.1 Noise pollution

7.2 Air pollution due to release of emissions

Use of old and worn out equipments and vehicles, low quality fuel will be prohibited to reduce the noise and air pollution.

Contractor records Construction site As needed DSC

The equipments will be checked by technicians before the commencement of work and working in night shift with equipments producing high noise will be prohibited.

Contractor records

Daily and as needed

DSC


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The construction materials will be covered during transportation to avoid dust generation

Contractor records As needed DSC

8. 8.1 Unorganized disposal of excavated earth

8.2 Soil erosion, silt runoff

8.3 Possible pollution of surface water


8.5 Disturbance to the pedestrians

Precautionary measures will be taken during construction to avoid caving

Contractor records Construction sites DSC

Excavated soil will be placed safely against erosion

Stacking of soil Daily Contractor

Reuse of excavated soil backfilling of trenches will be done

Quantity of soil remained Daily Contractor

Safe disposal of excavated soil Disposal site Daily Contractor, DWSS

As far as possible construction activities will be avoided in the rainy season.

Contractor records As needed Contractor, DSC

Sprinkling of water to avoid dust Dust in the Air At the time of trench digging

Daily Contractor

Temporary diversions and signboards will be provided for the pedestrians

Signboards Construction site Daily Contractor, DWSS


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9. 9.1Generation of excess grease, solid waste and other construction waste

9.2 Pollution of nearby irrigation canals and water bodies

Mechanism of safe disposal such as grease interceptor of waste will be developed in the project site before the actual commencement of work

Contractor records Construction site Daily DSC, DWSS

Prohibition of unwanted littering and discharge of waste

Amount and disposal of solid waste

Monthly VDC, and WUSC

10. 10.1 Obstruction in pedestrian and traffic movement

10.2 Removal of excavated material can affect the local land system (erosion and soil instability)

Care will be taken while excavating and laying pipes so that there is minimal vibration and slope disturbances

Contractor records

Uneven surfaces

Construction sites Daily Contractor, DSC

Excavated soil will be dumped in outer side of trench opposite to roadside and backfilling should be done properly

Pavement demolition Roadside Daily Contractor

Excavated soil will be placed safely against erosion

Stacking of soil Construction site Daily Contractor, DWSS

11. 11.1 Loss of vegetation and habitat

Provision of minimization of vegetation clearing and careful cutting of ground vegetation

Cleared area Construction site weekly Contractor

Plantation of tree and shrub where ever possible

Afforested area, numbers of trees planted

Project area Yearly WUSC


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12. 12.1 Local residents could be disturbed by noise, dust and impeded access

Work to be conducted as quickly as possible to minimize disturbance

Contractor records Construction site Monthly DSC, DWSS

Residents will be consulted and informed about the disturbances in advance

Communication with local people Project area As needed Contractor, DWSS

13. 13.1 Problems due to irresponsible behavior of work force (e.g. gambling, disrespect to the local area and people)

All the workers will be instructed to act in a responsible manner

Behavior of workers Construction camp Weekly Contractor, WUSC

Prohibition of alcohol, gambling Uses of alcohol, records of fights Weekly WUSC, Contractor

Local people will be employed as far as possible

Local survey As needed Contractor

14. 14.1 Risk of accidents to the workers and public

A site health and safety plan including safety measures such as provision of mask, helmet, hand globes and rubber boots to workers will be prepared and implemented

Use of helmet, mask, gloves, boots etc.

Construction site Daily Contractor, DWSS

First aid will be kept at hand in working area

First aid box Monthly Contractor, DWSS

General public will be excluded from all construction sites

Signboards Monthly Contractor, DWSS


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Insurance will be provided to the workers

Health and safety insurance One time Contractor, DWSS

O&M Phase Impacts

15. 15.1 Risk of contamination of water in distribution system

Regular testing will be done on a routine basis and recorded

Periodic maintenance record Distribution system

Weekly WUSC,DWSS

Regular water quality monitoring of water of the distribution system

Water quality test in accordance to National Drinking Water Quality Standard

Distribution system

Weekly WUSC, DWSS

System staff will be trained and supervised

Contractor records Distribution site As needed WUSC, DWSS

16. 16.1 Health hazard to workers and public

First aid measures will be provided in emergencies

First aid box Construction site Monthly Contractor, DWSS

17. 17.1 Connection conflict in users

Public consultation and awareness Public meetings/discussions Project Area Monthly WUSC

SANITATION COMPONENT

Location and Design Impacts

18. 18.1 Public health hazard

18.2 Rejection of the location by people

Sludge drying bed will be properly located after consultationto all the stakeholders


Project Area One time DWSS, DSC, WUSC


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19. 19.1 Pollution of ground water from seepage due to sludge drying bed

Sludge drying bed will be properly designed to avoid possibility of pollution (Use clay liner or geo- membrane liner at the bed)


PMO office One time DWSS, DSC

CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACT

20. 20.1 Unorganized disposal of excavated earth

20.2 Surface runoff, pollution of water ways


20.4 Nuisance to pedestrians

Safe disposal and re-use of excavated soil

Stacking of soil, quantity of soil remained

Construction site Daily Contractor

Sprinkling of water to avoid dust Dust in the air Daily Contractor

Temporary diversions and signboards will be provide to pedestrians

Signboards Daily Contractor, DWSS

21. 21.1 Loss of vegetation and habitat

Provision of minimization of vegetation clearing and careful cutting of ground vegetation will be done

Cleared area Construction site Weekly Contractor

Trees and shrubs will be planted wherever possible

Afforested area, number of trees planted

Project area Yearly WUSC

22. 22.1 Risk of accidents to the workers and public

A site health and safety plan will be prepared and implemented

Use of safety gears Construction site Daily Contractor, DWSS

O&M Phase Impacts


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23. 23.1 Nuisance due to odor and vectors

23.2 Flooding of bed during rainy season and bed clogging

23.3 Nuisance to the neighboring areas due to transportation of sludge

23.4 Pollution of nearby stream due to discharge of effluents

Regular O&M of the sludge beds (lime spreading on beds) will be done

Frequency of cleaning

Sprinkling of lime power

Sludge drying bed Periodically WUSC, DWSS

Vector breeding sites and resting sites will be modified (e.g. using appropriate chemicals, spray)

Vector breeding and resting sites Sludge drying bed Periodically WUSC

Providing buffer zone around the area and planting trees in the buffer zones to cover sludge drying area

Buffer area

Trees planted

Around sludge drying bed

One time (during design)

DSC, WUSC

Properly covered transportation systems will be provided

Transport truck Project Area As needed WUSC, PMO

Quality of effluent and river water will be regularly monitored

Checking of effluent parameters River water near the drain disposal site

Monthly WUSC, DWSS

24. 24.1 Pollution of shallow ground water used for domestic purpose

24.2 Nuisance due to odor, insects and rodents

The latrines will be kept away from tube wells

Contractor records Households, Public area

One time (before construction)

DSC , WUSC

Proper maintenance and regular cleaning of the latrines

Frequency of cleaning Weekly WUSC

25. 25.1 Pollution of river water due to waste disposal

Waste sorting and disposal will be properly done

O&M guidelines Project area Weekly WUSC


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25.2 Nuisance to neighboring areas due to transportation of waste

Proper transportation systems will be provided (waste to be properly covered in the vehicle)

Transport truck Project area As needed WUSC, PMO

26. 26.1 Impact on aquatic life Strong monitoring unit will be set up

Effluent parameters River water Monthly WUSC, DWSS

27. 27.1 Communicable disease hazard to workers

A health and safety plan will be prepared and implemented

Occurrence of health problems

Use of safety gears

Maintenance site Weekly WUSC, DWSS


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2. Mitigation Costs

147. Most of the costs related to the mitigation and monitoring activities are either

included in the construction cost estimation in accordance with the contract

specification or covered in the Operational and Maintenance costs and thus are not

detailed here.

148. Further funds are needed mainly for developing the capacity and facilities of the

WUSC for environmental monitoring and for conducting environmental training

and awareness campaigns. Also to maintain greenery in the surrounding project

area trees are required to be planted accordingly. It can be with the choice of heavy

trunk tree along with some flowering plants to give better scenery. The estimation is

presented in the following table.

Table 13: Tentative Cost of Mitigation for Some Impacts

S.N Activities Estimated

(NRs)

Remarks

1. Training for WUSC staff 20,000

During operation period

2. Environmental Awareness Campaigns

30,000

During construction and operation periods

3. Tree implantation 25,000 During construction period

Total 75,000

3. Monitoring Costs

149. Most of the monitoring costs for the proposed project is related to the expenses for

experts for observation and monitoring during construction and operation phases of

the project. The following monitoring costs are to be incurred by the project.


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Table 14: Monitoring Cost

Expert Team Monitoring Cost MD Rate Amount

Environmental Management Specialist

1 150,000 150,000

Sociologists 1 75,000 75,000 Support Staff 2 20,000 40,000 Cost for monitoring by MUD/DWWS

LS 2,00000

Transportation and others LS 50,000 Total 5,15,000

4. Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates

150. The cost for the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities are

described in Table 13 and Table 14. Cost of mitigation measures directly linked to

the construction activities (such as erosion control measures) are not included in the

cost estimates as most of these are already included in the construction and

operation and maintenance cost of the project.

Table 15: Annual Cost for EMP

S.N. Item Cost

1. Mitigation Budget Training for WUSC staff

20,000 Environmental Awareness Campaigns

30,000 2. Monitoring Budget

Environmental Management Specialist

1,50,000 Sociologists

75,000 Support Staff

40,000 Cost for monitoring by MoUD/DWWS

2,00,000 Transportation and others

40,000 Total 5,55,000


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5. Environmental Procedures and Institutions

151. Institutions have a crucial role to play during monitoring. There should be firm

institutional commitment by the agencies responsible for monitoring. The Ministry

of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE) is in charge of environmental

control and management for all sector agencies. The Ministry of Urban

Development (MoUD) has the overall responsibility for environmental monitoring

of all water supply and sewerage projects. In case of an EIA, it has to be finally

approved by MOE. In case of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), the final

approval lies with MoUD.

152. The different agencies involved in the Sukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation

Project are as explained in the following table.


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Table 16: Institution Involved in the Proposed Project

S.N Organization Roles and Responsibilities

1. Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD)

It is the executive agency for the implementation of Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project. It is responsible for monitoring of project design, construction and operation activities according to the approved IEE report. It is also responsible for approving the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the IEE and approving the IEE studies.

2. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS)

DWSS is the implementing agency for the SSTWSSP. It is responsible for ensuring that all the environmental measures to be adopted during different phases of project implementation and operation have been fully adhered to. It is also responsible for water quality monitoring.

3. Project Management Office (PMO)

PMO under DWSS implements the project. It ensures that all the mitigation measures prescribed by approved IEE have been fully adopted. It acquires permits and approval for project construction and assists WUSC on source registration and transfer of land ownership. It also ensures that responsibilities of other stakeholders are incorporated as per agreements.

4. Town Development Fund (TDF) TDF provides funding to the WUSC. It ensures that necessary environmental screening and assessments have been carried out during the funding decisions.

5. Water User and Sanitation Committee (WUSC)

WUSC is responsible for forming member based water user group and registering it. It is responsible for ensuring the implementation of environmental measures recommended especially during the construction and operation phase. Activities such as public awareness on sanitation and maintaining record of the water quality data are some of its responsibilities.


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6. Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC)

DSC is responsible for conducting the feasibility study and detailed design. It ensures that all the mitigation measures are incorporated in the final design of the system and the environmental prescriptions are being met by the construction contractor.

7. Contractor It is responsible to ensure that the mitigation measures are specified during the construction

153. Apart from the above mentioned agencies, there are other institutions that are

directly and indirectly involved in the project and during the IEE studies. Local

bodies such as Village Development Committees of Darakh, Sandepani and Ram

Shikhar Jhala help in disseminating information about the project to local people

and related stakeholders and in giving permits to conduct the IEE studies.

6. Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures

154. In parallel to the suggested mitigation measure, it is important to encourage

opportunities to enhance the project and its elements so as to have minimal

environmental disturbance. The proposed project has both positive and negative

impacts and the present stage gives an opportunity to enhance these positive

features through innovative measures. Some of such potential environmental

measures include:

• Ensuring resource mobilization and participation of the local community to

develop a sense of ownership and empowerment of the project

• Determining roles and responsibilities of all the stakeholders and institutions to

promote effective coordinated action

• Providing training and awareness program in health and sanitation issues; water

cost and usage; environmental pollution and waste management


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• The local youth clubs and NGO within the VDC should be mobilized to monitor

the environment in areas affected by project activity and report back the problems

to PMO.

7. Reporting Procedures

155. For an effective implementation of mitigation measures and Environmental

Management Plan is required, it is necessary to have a mechanism in order to put

together the entire mitigation operation plus the reports on progress and status of

everymitigation conducted.

156. The contractor has a crucial role in ensuring that the mitigation measures are

implemented during project construction phase. The contractor will develop an

Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) based on EMP. The contractor

has to report weekly about the progress of its work together with day-to-day

practical aspect of project implementation to the DSC. It is suggested that a team

comprising of WUSC member and contract workers be established at the onset of

the project to make periodic reporting to the DSC.

157. The DSC then has the responsibility of ensuring that all the procedures and final

design that includes the mitigation measures are followed. DSC has the

responsibility to check the weekly progress report of the contractor and field

verification whether the implementation of mitigation measures have been

conducted as decided in the EMEP or not.

158. DSC then has the responsibility to prepare an environmental monitoring report

based on the weekly progress report of the contractor. DSC has to report the status

of the project and the monitoring report to the PMO for its review. PMO should

then forward the monitoring report to review by the Environmental Specialist of the

DSC. 10 copies of the reports should be submitted to PMO every month, which

should be distributed to the responsible agencies for review. The Environmental

Specialists of the DSC should then review the comments and suggestions from the

various authorities and act accordingly.

159. Monthly progress reports, including bi-annual and annual reports on the

implementation of EMP should be produced on a regular basis. The report should

contain information of all the activities conducted within the given time including


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the cases of non-compliance. A feedback mechanism of reporting will be conducted

and based on the results of monitoring; the Environmental Management Plan will

be adjusted accordingly.

8. Work Plan

160. Before operation, PMO/DSC, with the help of its Environmental Specialists will

develop detailed work plans for implementing mitigation measure and monitoring

plans based on EMP. These plans will be incorporated into the project contracts.

161. Before construction, PMO will develop detailed responsibilities and requirements

for contractors and will provide detailed cost estimates of mitigation measures and

environmental monitoring in construction contracts

162. Before operation, PMO will develop detailed work plans for environmental

management and monitoring during operation based on the EMP which will be

submitted to the concerned persons to help them supervise implementation

163. The EMP implementation schedule is given in the following figure for a period of 2

years


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Figure7: Implementation schedule of the project

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Tendering + Award of Contract

Presentation of Security Performances

Field Mobilization

Procurement of Materials

Transportation of Materials

Structural Works

Installation Works

Piping Works

Mechanical + Electrical Works

Finishing Works

Months

Activities

Te

nd

eri

ng

+

Ap

pro

va

l o

f c

on

tra

ct

Co

ns

tru

cti

on

/ P

roc

ure

me

nt


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I. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

164. Considering the nature of the project; environmental and socio-economic situation

of the area and based on the detailed field survey and consultation with the relevant

stakeholders, it can be concluded that the proposed Sukhad Town Water Supply and

Sanitation Project will have only minor negative impacts on the physical, biological

and socio-cultural aspects of the area. The impacts are mostly local in nature and

can be easily and cheaply mitigated with suitable mitigation measures and regular

monitoring schedules.

165. The implementation of the project will have several beneficial impacts to the people

of Sukhad of Kailali district. The local people will benefit from safe and sufficient

supply of portable drinking water and improved sanitation. All this will

significantly raise the living standards of the people in the Sukhad

166. From this IEE study it can be seen that the beneficial impacts of the proposed

project outweighs the negative impacts and thus a full scale EIA is not required.

167. The present IEE study with recommended environmental mitigation and monitoring

plan becomes a complete EIA.


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REFERENCES

ADB (2009). Safeguard Policy Statement. Asian Development Bank

HMG/N (1996). Environmental Protection Act (with amendments). His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.

HMG/N (1997). Environmental Protection Rules (with amendments). His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.

ANNEXES

Annex 1

Approved Terms of Reference

Dep

Second Small

InitialEnv

Sukhad Wa

TE

Government of Nepal

Ministry of Urban Development

epartment of Water Supply and Sewerage

ll Towns Water Supply & Sanitation Sector

Project Management Office

Panipokhari, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu

nvironmentalExami

for

ater Supply and Sanitation

Kailali District

TERMS OF REFERENCE

or Project

mination

n Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 ORGANIZATION PREPARING THE TERMS OF REFERENCE ........................................... 1

2 BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...................................................... 1

2. 1 Relevancy of the Project .............................................................................................................. 1

2. 2 Project Background ...................................................................................................................... 5

2. 2.1 Existing Water Supply System .......................................................................................... 5

2.2.2 Existing Sanitation Situation ............................................................................................. 5

2. 2.3 Community participation .................................................................................................. 5

2. 2.4 Components of the Sub Project ...................................................................................... 10

2.2.5 Sanitation Improvement .................................................................................................. 11

2. 3 Base Line Condition of the Project Area ................................................................................... 11

2.3.1 Physical Environment ...................................................................................................... 11

2.3.2 Geo Physical Profile ......................................................................................................... 12

2.3.3 Ecological Profile.............................................................................................................. 13

2.3.4 Human and Economic Development .............................................................................. 14

2.3.5 Infrastructural Facilities ................................................................................................. 16

2.3.6 Resettlement, Relocation and Compensation Issue ....................................................... 18

3 METHODOLGY .............................................................................................................................. 18

3.1 Physical Environment Assessment ........................................................................................... 19

3.2 Biological Environmental Assessment ...................................................................................... 19

3. 4 Environment Assessment ........................................................................................................... 20

3. 5 Public Participation .................................................................................................................... 20

4 POLICIES, LAWS, RULES, DIRECTIVES AND GUIDELINES ............................................. 21

5 TIME, ESTIMATED BUDGET AND SPECIALISTS REQUIRED .......................................... 22

5. 1. Time ............................................................................................................................................... 22

5. 2 Estimated Budget ....................................................................................................................... 22

5. 3 Resource Persons ....................................................................................................................... 23

6 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .................................................. 23

7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...................................... 24

8 MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................................................................... 24

9 MATTERS TO BE IMPLEMENTED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT .............. 25

9. 1 Environmental Management Plan .............................................................................................. 25

9. 2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................................................. 26

9. 3 Information Disclosure, Public Consultation and Participation ................................................. 26

9. 4 Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................................................. 27

10 REPORT ....................................................................................................................................... 27

11 RELEVANT INFORMATION ................................................................................................... 27

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Criteria for Requirement of IEE and/or EIA for Drinking Water Supply Projects as per Annex 1 and Schedule g and Annex 3 Schedule h of Environment Protection Regulation 1997 Amendment 2007 Compared with the Situation of the Project ................................................................................................. 3

Table 2.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF SUKHAD TOWN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

Table 2.3: VDC Wise Distribution of Population by Age Group ............................................................. 14

Table 2.4: Percentage Distribution of HHs by main Occupation and Source of Income .......................... 15

Table 2.5: Proposed work schedule ........................................................................................................... 22

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank

CAD Computer Aided Design

CAP Community Action Plan

DDC District Development Committee

DWSO District Water Supply Office

DWSS Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMAP Environmental Management Action Plan

EMP Environment Management Plan

EPA Environment Protection Act

EPR Environment Protection Regulation

FGD Focus Group Discussion

FIDIC Federation Internationale Des Ingenerus Conseils

GoN Government of Nepal

HH (s) Household (s)

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

KUKL Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited

LPCD/lpcd Liter per capita per day

lpd Liter per day

lps Liter per second

MOPE Ministry of Population and Environment

MPPW Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

NGO Non Government Organization

PMO Project Management Office

PWD Public Work Directories

QOL Quality of Life

RWSSP Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program

S.N Serial Number

STWSSSP Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

TDF Town Development Fund

ToR Terms of Reference

TPO Town Project Office

VDC Village Development Committee

WSS Water Supply and Sanitation

WSST Water Supply and Sanitation Technician

WUC Water Users' Committee

WUG Water User's Group

WUSC Water User's and Sanitation Committee

Sukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project TOR for IEE

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INITIAL ENVIRONMENT EXAMINATION

Terms of Reference for the

Sukhad Town Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation Project

1 ORGANIZATION PREPARING THE TERMS OF REFERENCE

The Environment Protection regulation 1997 (amended in 2007) mentions that a ToR for an IEE is required.

This ToR is prepared in order to carry out the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for Sukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Kailali District. The project proponent, STWSSSP of Government of Nepal, Ministry of Urban Development, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is responsible for the preparation of IEE report.

Name of the Proponent:

Project Management Office Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Ministry of Urban Development Government of Nepal

Address of the Proponent:

Panipokhari, Kathmandu Tel: 977 1 4423848, 977 1 4412348 Fax: 977 1 4413280 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sstwssp.gov.np

2 BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2. 1 Relevancy of the Project

As per the TOR issued to the DSC, it is stated that the Project needs to be studied from the environmental point of view as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997(Amendments 1999 and 2007). The Proposed Water Supply and Sanitation Project is intended to serve entire ward no. 4, ward no. 5 and ward no. 6 of Darakh VDC. Similarly, the project covers ward no. 2, ward no. 3 and 4 and part of ward no. 5, ward no. 9 of Sadepani VDC. A small part of ward no. 7 of Ram Shikhar Jhala is also included in the service area of the project. It is expected that on implementation of the project the users of the area will be able to avail from adequate amount of safe drinking water and need not resort the use of tube wells and arsenic content water to fulfill their water needs. The project needs to go through IEE process as stipulated in EPR 1997(Amendments 1999 and 2007). The proposed project shall rely on the ground water sources. On the basis of information in Sukhad the general depths of the wells range from 100 to 125 meters and screen length of 30 m. And the safe yield from a well size 300/200 mm should be in the range of 20-25 liters per second. The Project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of people or households, there is no need to settle any households above the gravity source, and construction of river training works (more than 1 km) is not required. The project is expected to benefit a design population of about 27,548. The groundwater abstraction for the proposed drinking water augmentation is very miniscule compared to the available groundwater resources of the aquifer.


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As the proposed project falls within the definitions provided in the EPR 1997(Amendments 1999 and 2007) Annex 1 (G) for drinking water projects; only an IEE shall be necessary. The regulation stated in Annex 1 (H) shall only be applicable, if the proposal does not fall under categories (A) through (H) of Annex 3. Table 2.1 compares the status of the project point by point against the conditions defined by Environment Protection Act 1997 and Environment Protection Regulation 1997 (and its amendments 2007) for which a drinking water would require IEE or EIA.


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2. 2 Project Background

2. 2.1 Existing Water Supply System

With the absence of piped water supply system, the majority of populations in Sukhad were dependent on shallow hand pumps. As per the WUSC discussion, the concerning issues that came forward was for the water quality and arsenic presence. For an average water use of 220 liter per household per day in the dry day and 140 l/hh/d in the wet season approximately 36 lpcd in the dry season and 23 lpcd in the wet season are consumed. The higher percentage is occupied in the dry season, as the project area belongs to Terai region, which has very hot and dry climate. The extracted ground water from the hand pumps is not significant so the supply of water does not vary according to seasonal variation as vivid in surface and spring source.

2.2.2 Existing Sanitation Situation

The existing sanitation facility is quite basic in the project area. Although drainage facility is not far from the sanitation state, approximately 500m of surface drain mainly in market area (Bhajani Road) exist. There is no other drainage system. A few households in the project area have water seal and pit latrines. About 64% HHs have access to water seal toilet whereas 25% have either pit latrine or ventilated pit latrines. Apart from this the periphery of the project area lacks adequate sanitation facility.

2. 2.3 Community participation

The project is designed in the principle of active community participation from the design stage itself. The implementation strategy of this sub-project is based on the community management approach, which includes encouraging the financial responsibility towards the improved facility. Therefore, user participation at the outset of the planning and design exercise is an essential requirement. The community has to contribute 50% of the capital cost. Out of that 5% have to be deposited before implementation of the project as upfront cash. Another 35% - 45% to be contributed taking the loan from TDF. The loan should be recovered within the time frame of 15 years with 5 years of grace period, along with the interest of 5% per annum through their affordable water tariffs plus. Tariff raised by the service has to support towards maintenance of the supply system of the water supply system. DWSS is acting as the initiator/coordinator.


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Table 2.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF SUKHAD TOWN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

PROJECT

S.N. Items Description

A Project Detail

1 Name of the Project Sukhad Water Supply and Sanitation Project

2 Type Pumping (Lifting)

3 Study Level Detail Engineerring Study

4 Location Area

Region Far Western Development Region

Zone Seti

District Kailali

VDC/Municipality Darakh, Ram Shikhar Jhala, Sandepani

Ward Darakh: 4, 5 & 6. Ram Shikhar Jhala: 7. Sandepani: 2, 3, 4, 5 & 9.

5 Available Facilities

Road East-West Highway

Electricity Available

Communication Available


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Health Services Available

Banking Facilities Available

B Detail of System & Design Component Darakh Sandepani

1 Source Characteristics

Source Type Ground Water Ground Water

Source Location Peepal Danda,ward no.-5 Chittalpur, ward no.-3

Safe Yield (lps) 20 20

2 Type of Structures

(a) Bore Hole Drilling 2+1Test BH 2

Pumps 3 2

(b) Electricity line, Transfermer and Generator

1 1 set

(c) Water Storage Tank ( Capacity / Nos.) 200 OHT 200 OHT

(d) Valve Chamber 42Nos. 34 Nos.

(e) Guard + Generator House / Boundary Wall

1 1

(f) Household connection 2377

(g) Fire Hydrant 7Nos. 4 Nos.

(h) Electro-Mechanical Treatment Plant 1 set 1 Set

3 Pipe Line

HDPE Pipe (Km) 9.73 10.65


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GI Pipe (Km) 11.94 17.11

DI Pipe (Km) 11.14 4.88

Total 32.80 32.64

4 Social Status Darakh Sadepani Total

Present Population (2012) 10,621 5,435 16,056

Base Year Population (2015) 11,577 5,997 17,574

Design Year Population (2030) 17,864 9,684 27,548

Growth Rate % 3.0% 3.0% 3.0%

Household Numbers (2012) 1,621 795 2,416

5 Total Cost of the Water Supply Scheme 155,598,658.00 118,821,031.00

6 Total Cost of the Water Supply Scheme of Both Sub-Systems

NRs 274,419,689

7 Cost Sharing Arrangement


TDF Loan (35% ~ 45%) NRs 123,488,860

WUSC's Contribution for upfront (Cash 5 %) NRs 13,720,984

8 Tariff

Average Income : Monthly bill (NRs / m)

651.00

Minimum HH Income : Monthly bill (NRs / m)

270.00


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9 Economic Analysis

FIRR 3.90%

EIRR 17.86%

10 Environment B, Only IEE necessary B, Only IEE necessary

ADB Category No significant adverse impact. No significant adverse impact.

IEE finding

11 Cost Per Unit/Per Capita Cost

For Base Year Population (water supply component)

15615.10

DesignYear Population 9961.51

12 Total Cost of Sanitation Components

Total Cost of Waste Water Management System of Immediate Needs

NRs 10,458,873


Local Body contribution(15%) NRs 1,333,506

13 Total Cost of the Water Supply Scheme excluding Sanitation Components

NRs 274,419,689

14 Total Cost of Project including Immediate Needs Of Sanitation Components

NRs 284,878,562


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2. 2.4 Components of the Sub Project

a. Source: Tube Wells/Boreholes

The source of water tube wells/boreholes for the system is ground water and therefore, deep tube wells will be drilled in places with good potential for ground water yield. The tube well of average depth of about 120 meters is envisaged. The initial casing shall be of 300 mm diameter and nearly 30 meters deep from the ground level. The screen and other tube well pipes shall be 200 mm in diameter. All the tube well casing will be of mild steel. The screen sizes will be designed to ensure 15% opening.

Considering a static water level of artesian below ground level and draw down of 20-25 m for 20-30 lps yield, the pumping level below ground will be about 30-40 meters. Therefore, a submersible pump will be placed at 30-40 meters below ground level. It is proposed for all the alternatives boreholes of expected yield capacity about 20 lps shall be drilled. The boreholes shall be used alternatively to avoid unnecessary wear and tear, excessive draw down reliability.

b. Pump

Submersible pumps with the required capacity have been recommended to be installed in the boreholes. Submersible pumps of various capacities ranging from 30-35 HP shall be installed in the boreholes to pump water to ground water reservoir via the water treatment plant. Similarly, from the ground clean water reservoir to the overhead RCC tank, submersible pumps of 20-25 HP capacity will be installed to pump clean water to the overhead tank for distribution. The pumps will be connected to the control board by flat submersible cable. Each borehole shall have pumps installed and one pump will be provided as standby.

c. Electrical Facilities

The 11 KV transmission line through an 11/0.4 KV-100 KVA step down transformer to the pump house, will supply electrical power. A three phase power line will connect the control panel to the pump.

d. Ground water reservoir

A ground reservoir to store the treated water and an overhead RCC tank to distribute water effectively is required. The ground clean water reservoir shall be circular RCC tank with a capacity of 300cu.m and the distribution overhead tank shall also be 450cu.m in size. This shall optimize the system and also regulate the supply in a reliable manner. The base of the overhead reservoir tank is proposed at an elevation of at least 20 meters above the ground. This will insure adequate pressure at the pipe line of the system.

e. Treatment Facility

Ground water source is characterized by nuisance odor due to hydrogen sulfide, higher concentration of dissolved iron and manganese, low pH and suspected bacterial quality. In some places the total hardness is also high and scales the water carrying pipe line and damages the water meters. The water treatment plant will be designed considering the above parameters. The water quality testing of the existing irrigation deep tube well is within all parameters of the National Drinking Water Quality Standards. Based on this no special treatment is foreseen.


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f. Distribution Main

The distribution system comprises of a pipe network, which are looped in certain cases and branched in other. The pipe material includes GI, DI and HDPE, respectively in order to carry out water network analysis. The entire system has been designed using GI, HDPE and DI pipes. The DI pipes are proposed for pipe size of 150 mm and above. The total pipe length of the proposed distribution system works out to be 50.09 Km for Option I, for 49.83 Km for Option II and 49.40 Km for Option III.

g. House Connection

The system has been signed predominantly as a house connection with a very few shared community stand posts. The system will have a design capacity of providing for more than 4894 house connections. The house connection shall comprise of about 18 meters of pipe connection and water meter with proper casing.

h. Community Stand Posts

Ten numbers of community stand posts has been provided as per the desire and requirement of the community. These stand posts will be made of brick masonry with proper facilities for washing, drainage and placing vessels for water.

i. Appurtenances

These shall primarily comprise of valve chambers to house flow control valves, control valves for controlling flow etc. Altogether 58 valve chambers are expected in the system.

j. Guard Quarter and Boundary Wall

Guard quarters with optimum space have been proposed to safeguard storage tanks from vandalism as well as contamination.

2.2.5 Sanitation Improvement

The sanitation condition within the project area is in very basic state . Thus to aid in the sanitation state, one public toilet is proposed for the project area at the bus park.

2. 3 Base Line Condition of the Project Area

The proposed Sukhad Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been proposed to serve ward no. 4, 5 ,6 of Darakh VDC, ward no. 2, 3 , 4, 5 , 9 of Sadepani VDC and ward no. 7 of Ram Shikhar Jhala .

2.3.1 Physical Environment

Sukhad is an emerging town located along the MRM highway in Darakh VDC of Kailali district in far-western region of Nepal. It is about 50 km east of Attariya and 20 km west of Lamki. Dhangadhi is the headquarter of Kailali district which is about 1.5 hrs drive away. The nearest airport is located in Dhangadhi which is serviced by regular flights from Kathmandu. It is connected to Uttar Pradesh province of India through the border town of Bhajani, which is located 20 kms south wards. As the project area is linked with National Highway, day and


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night bus services to Kathmandu are available. Its locational advantages of being at the junction, links to Indian border town i.e. Bhajani and EW highway.

168.

2.3.2 Geo Physical Profile

• Topography and Location

Topographically, the town of Sukhad lies on a flat land in the Terai, towards the south of the Siwalik, at elevations ranging below 500m above mean sea level. The elevation of the town is about 172m above mean sea level.

• Geology and Soils

Geographically Sukhad is situated in the Bhabar zone deposit. The material of this zone is derived principally from erosion of the rocks found in the Siwalik Hills. The Bhabar deposit is very poorly sorted and contains a large proportion of coarse- grained material ranging from sand to boulders. The coarser size fractions appear to be lenticular in lithological successions. The material is coarse in the north and comparatively fine in the central and southern parts.

There are intercalated finer sediments as well. Soil types vary from alluvial to clay. The thickness ranges from a few meters to more than hundred meters.

Also the Terai Plain extends southward from the Siwalik (Churia Range) and consists of Quarternary to Pleistocene aged unconsolidated sediments. It is a continuation of Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is covered by Recent and old alluviums. The thickness of alluvium is around 1500 m and the rocks of Churai Group (Siwalik) lies below the alluvium. The main structure around the area is MBT (Main Boundary Thrust).

• Climate

The average temperature ranges between 6.4o C (min) to 40o C (max) with annual daily average of 25o C. Average rainfall which is based on records of meteorological station at Dhangadhi airport is as 1804 mm. The mean annual relative humidity (average of years 1991-1994) ranges from 68 to 76% (Climatological Records of Nepal 1991-1994, May 1997, Godawari West Station).

The area has a monsoon climate (hot rainy summer and cool, dry winter). Compared to the central and eastern parts of Nepal, the area experiences higher winter rainfalls.

• Surface and Ground Water

The Ghodaghodi Lake (one of the Ramsar Wetlands) has an area of 2563 ha and is a natural freshwater oxbow lake. It is fed by the monsoon rains and by surface flows, groundwater springs and small streams. There are 13 or more associated lakes and ponds and some streams separated by hillocks around the lake. It is 1-2 meters deep during the dry season and 3-4


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meters during the monsoons. The seasonal rivers Kandra and Donda are adjacent to the lake. However, no surface water sources either pumping or for gravitational scheme is available for the project. The only alternative available is extraction of ground water form deep tube well. The majority of people in Sukhad area depend on hand tube well for water.

A number of streams originating in the hilly areas in the north emerge from the Siwalik Mountain that deposits coarser materials as fan deposits along the foothills and the grain size of the deposits becomes finer southwards. Thus, the thick unconsolidated sediments consisting of boulder, cobble, pebble, sand, silt and clay particles forms the wider Gangetic Plain including fans, channels, flood plains of numerous rivers flowing from the Siwalik range and across the Terai Plain.

2.3.3 Ecological Profile

The project area was found mostly dominated by Sal (Shorea Robusta) trees. Majority of it was on the either side of the road along the MRM highway. Although other many species of plants were also seen around the project area. The high number was governed by Sal, Sisoo etc

Flora, Fauna and Protected Areas

a. Flora

Sukhad is characterized by its tropical vegetation type with the occurrence of Willow (Salix Sp.) occurring on the lake shoreline. The terrestrial vegetation is dominated by Sal (Shorea Robusta) forest. The prominent associate species include Black plum (Syzgium

cumini), Myrobalan (Terminalia alata), Silk Cotton (Bombax ceiba) and haldu (Adina

cordifolia).

Ghodaghodi lake area possesses rich biodiversity the wetland vegetation consist of sedge (Cyperus spp.), Common Reed (Phragmites karka) and Morning Glory (Ipomea carnea sssp.

Fistulosa). The aquatic vegetation is represented by extensive coverage of floating leafed species, mainly Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) followed by Water Cabbage (Pistiastratiotes). The free floating species include Water Velvet (Azolla imbricata) and Duckweed (Lemna spp.). The abundant submerged species include Water Nymph (Naja minor), Hydrilla (Hydrilla

verticillata) and Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum). In general, the vegetation is in floating leaved succession stage. Reed swamp formations are found as floating islands and extensive marsh meadow conditions are found in the south-east corner. A total of over 450 species of plants have been recorded from the Ghodaghodi lake area.

b. Fauna

About 27 species of fish have been recorded in the Ghodaghodi lake area including species such as Cirhinia app, and Notopterus notopterus, Oxygaster bacaila, Puntius spp, Chanda spp, Chana spp, Xenotodom cancila, Mystus spp.

Ghodaghodi is renowned for the large turtles residing in this lake. A small population of Marsh Mugger crocodile also resides here. It is also an important habitat for the endangered


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Golden Monitor Lizard (Varanus flavescens) and the Indian Rock Python (Python morulus). There were also numbers of snakes, frog and toad species found, including tree frogs.

About 140 species of bird with most common bird species such as House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Common Mynah (Acridotheres tristis), House Crow (Corvus splendens) and Parrot (Pasittacula sp.).

Most of the area has been turned into agricultural farmlands and so wildlife has decreased to an extent. Common mammals that exist nearby Sukhad town are the House Rat (Musmusculus) and Common House rat (Rattus rattus). Other wild animals found are Rabbit (Lepus nigricollis), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Deer (Cervus unicolor) and Nil Gai (Blue Bull). There are many types of snakes out of which the most common ones are common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and Cobra (Naja naja).

c. Protected Areas

The Ghodaghodi wetland is a protected area. The lake system is a cluster of 14 lakes, which are located in a rectangular area of 5.5 km by 1.5 km, the total area under water is about 258 ha. Ghodaghodi Lake possesses rich biodiversity.

The Sukhad town water supply and sanitation sector Project is not expected to adversely affect the Ghodaghodi area, since the proposed project construction activities are located outside and mainly down-stream of the Ghodaghodi wetland.

2.3.4 Human and Economic Development

a. Socio Economic Profile

Population, Communities and Occupation

The settlement pattern of the project area namely the core area of Sukhad Bazaar and rural settlement area are densely populated except of some outskirt areas within Darakh VDC of ward no. 6 and ward 2, 3, and 9 of Sadepani VDC which are still growing. The major source of income to most of the HHs in the project area is agriculture. It includes agriculture exports also. The age wise population distribution for different VDC is as follows:

Table 2.3: VDC Wise Distribution of Population by Age Group

Age Group Darakh Ram Shikhar

Jhala Sadepani Total %

<5 106 4 21 131 9.35 6 to 9 72 9 16 97 6.92

10 to 15 173 13 44 230 16.42 16 to 39 522 22 112 656 46.82 40 to 59 191 8 46 245 17.49

60+ 33 - 9 42 3.00 Total 1,097 56 248 1,401

Source: Socio-Economic Sample Survey, 2012


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Table 2.4: Percentage Distribution of HHs by main Occupation and Source of Income

Major Occupation Total HHs %

Agriculture 1539 63.70

Business 384 15.89

Services 222 9.19

Industry 19 0.79

Foreign Jobs 114 4.72

Wages 126 5.22

Others 4 0.17

No Job 8 0.33

Total 2416 100


b. Health and Sanitation

Health

The district hospital is located only in Dhangadhi which is 1.5 hrs driving from Sukhad bazzar. Whereas the health post (government run) in Nimdi is located in Sukhad VDC. So, people (about 53%) visit the health post. The newly established private hospital named GhodaGhodi Hospital Pvt. Ltd. is located in ward no. 5 of Sukhad where majority of people (around 70%) are getting different curative and preventative health services from the hospital. Apart from the above, seven no. of private clinics are providing health services in the service area.

Sanitation

The sanitation situation is poor in the entire area. Most of the houses in the Sukhad bazar have pour flush latrines, where still many of the houses, in its periphery are lacking such facility. In the rural areas very few houses have toilets. Most of the population in the areas still practices open defecation on the banks of the rivers.

The main sanitation related problem in Sukhad is the handling of human waste from septic tanks. There are no sweepers in the area. Whenever required, they are hired from Dhangadi with relatively high cost.


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c. Economic Characteristics

Industries

Industries are almost non-existing in the service area. Ghodaghodi Lake presents itself as a very good potential for the tourism industry. Presently, on an average around 50 tourists, mostly from Nepal and India visit the place every day. As transportation and communication facilities are already available at Sukhad, provision of adequate tourism infrastructure and other facilities should not be too difficult.

Agricultural Development

As agriculture being one of the major sources of income generation for the people of the area, it has aided in contributing in totality to the agricultural sector of the nation. The agricultural products mostly include rice, wheat, maize, oil seeds, lentils and sugar cane. Vegetables including potatoes, cauliflower, peas are mostly consumed locally. Mangoes and bananas are also grown here.

Mineral Development

Mineral exploitation activities are nonexistent in the project area.

2.3.5 Infrastructural Facilities

Water Supply and Drainage

The project area does not have piped water supply system. The majority of people in Sukhad area are dependent on hand tube well for water. About 80% of households have their own tube well. They draw water from the tubewell and use it for all the purpose including drinking, washing, cleaning and others. Hand pumps have the advantage of providing water close by the home all year round. The average water use is 220 liter per household per day in the dry day and 140 l/hh/d in the wet season. If average household size is estimated as 6.1 then about 36 lpcd in the dry season and 23 lpcd in the wet season is consumed.

There are no proper surface drainage facilities available in the sub-project area except approximately 500 m of surface drain in the market area (Bhajani road). Besides this there is no other surface drainage system. The project area is situated at flat terrain. Due to this, water logging takes place frequently in the rainy season. There are no systematic drainage facilities within the project area. Though the Sadepani Drinking Water and Sanitation Committee are initiating to construct some surface drainage, the DSC team had discussed with the WUSC about the area within the project area where the drainage facilities are urgently needed. They have a positive attitude regarding the drainage installment.

Communication

Sukhad has good communication facilities including telephone lines and a post office. The mobile network facility is also good in the region itself.


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Electricity

Most of the houses in Sukhad are supplied with electricity. Although few cluster are deprived of electricity facility, this divest is slowly decreasing.

Institutions

Infrastructure facilities in the project area are relatively better. Sukhad bazaar comprises of health posts, primary schools, secondary schools, high schools, Agricultural Development Bank of Nepal, finance companies, cooperatives, post office and police station. The infrastructure facilities available in the project area are summarized and described as follows:

VDC Office:

The Sukhad area has three VDCs fully or partially covered by the service area for the proposed water and sanitation project: Darakh, Sadepani and Ramshikhar Jhala.

Darakh VDC is located in between Sadepani VDC and Ramshikhar Jhala VDC. The VDC drinking water and sanitation sector is still in the primary phase. But the newly formed user's committee is strongly committed to bring the project in the area. The VDC has four staff to look after the day to day administrative work. Sandepani VDC is suffering from the problem of arsenic in the shallow ground water (also seen in some areas of adjacent Darakh VDC). The VDC is currently working with Finish Aid Project to mitigate the problem including sharing cost of the arsenic filters for tube wells. It has four staff to work for daily administrative works.

Ramshikhar Jhala VDC falls within the service area of the sub-project. Most of the settlements of the VDCs are in rural areas.

School

There are altogether 1 campus 2 higher secondary schools and 12 secondary lower secondary and primary schools in the project.

Health Post/Centers

In Sukhad private clinics are mainly providing the health services. Although after establishment of the Ghodaghodi hospital Pvt. Ltd. majority of the population of the area and its periphery are getting the health service privilege. The dominance is govern by the seven no of private clinics.

Bank/Finance Institutions

There is one semi Government Bank of Agriculture Development bank and private commercial bank, Sunrise Bank Ltd., Navjeeban Bank and other 3 cooperatives providing financial service delivery and which carry out financial transaction also.


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Other facilities

Apart from the above infrastructures facilities and institutions, there are governments, NGOs, Projects and Private offices in the project area.

Transportation

Sukhad is an emerging town located along the MRM highway. There is considerable length of black topped road on the eastern side along the Mechi Mahakali highway. In Sukhad the means of transportation are buses, trucks, cars, motor- cycles, tractors and bicycles. Dhangadhi is the headquarters of Kailali district which is about 1.5 hrs drive away. The nearest airport located in Dhangadhi, is serviced by regular flights from Kathmandu to Sukhad is connected to Uttar Pradesh province of India through the border town of Bhajani, which are located 20 kms south wards. The rest of the network comprises of gravel and dirt roads.

Cultural and Religious Sites

Ghodaghodi lake area is the most important cultural and religious center in the area. The lake is of a great religious value and the shrine of the Ghodaghodi deity is worshipped by the Tharus in Agan Panchami in December and animals are sacrificed and the lake is used for bathing during the occasion.

Quality of Life Values

The project is not expected to adversely affect any cultural or recreational resources but will increase the existing quality of life values due to the improvement in personal, household and community hygiene practices and community health.

2.3.6 Resettlement, Relocation and Compensation Issue

The various system alternatives do not require resettlement of households or relocation. The system network has tried to follow public property line and hence the issue of resettlement or relocation is not evident. However, during the environmental assessment process this will be thoroughly assessed and verified in line with the ADB and Nepal Government environmental guidelines and regulations.

There shall be the need to compensate, if private land is required for locating the overhead reservoirs and the tube wells within the service area. Compensation amount shall be as per the local prevailing rates for such land.

3 METHODOLGY

The IEE study will focus on the impact identification, prediction and finally evaluating the extent and weight of the impact.


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Impact Identification

In order to identify the impact a preliminary exercise to solicit information from planners, policy makers, project components, concerned authorities and the user community will be conducted.

Similarly, the reports on hydrology, meteorology, geology and others related to the environment will also be reviewed.

Impact Prediction

The consultant shall address the impact details by furnishing information on environmental Physical, Biological, Socio-economic and Cultural Environments. A description of relevant parts of the Project, using maps with appropriate scale and photographs and aerial photographs, where necessary, including the following information: location, alignment, alternatives, design, standards, pre-construction, construction and post-construction activities, work schedule, staffing and support facilities and services shall be determined.

Impact evaluation

To evaluate the occurrence of the impact, information on mitigation; costs associated with construction activities (during design construction, and operation and maintenance activities) shall be included

3.1 Physical Environment Assessment

Existing environment constraints and potential impacts in the project area will be studied through field surveys, complemented by secondary information from reports and interviews with some of government officials, schools and representative of the local bodies.

3.2 Biological Environmental Assessment

The information on biological environment shall be gathered by reconnaissance survey of the project site and surrounding area. Due attention will be paid on Vegetation, Wildlife, and aquatic life of the project area and surroundings. The methods used for the collection of biological information are as follow.

• Collection of ethno-botanical information on socio-economically important plant species through consultation with local informants.

• Ethno zoological data to be obtained by conducting interviews and discussion with local informants

Information on local uses of aquatic biota, fish spawning site, migration pattern, weedy aquatic plants etc shall be obtained holding interview / discussion with local peoples.

Socio economic Assessment


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Social assessment of the project tries to determine the social implication (issues) in terms of assumed positive and negative impacts related to location, design, construction, and operation. Preparation and actual implementation of the construction activities will create some nuisance and inconvenience for the communities in the area. Primary data shall be obtained through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with communities, along the pipeline routes under consideration. Additional data shall be collected from various Committees (VDCs, DDCs, NGOs, Community groups, etc) through which the respective pipe alignment pass. The Consultant shall collect primary and secondary data, evaluate them and describe the relevant environmental characteristics of the pipe routes and its corridor of influence, along with the following information. Population, land use, planned development activities, community structure, government services, demography, employment, distribution of income and sources of livelihood, goods and services produced, water supply, public health, education, extension services, cultural sites and heritage, tribal people, customs, aspirations and attitudes, expected water users and those benefitting from it, different needs and demands of VDCs, and the present quality of life (QOL), etc

3. 4 Environment Assessment

The consultant shall study the existingenvironmental constraints and potential impacts in the Project area through filed surveys, complemented by secondary information from reports and interviews with a number of government officials, representatives of NGO and international organizations (IO) supported projects and researchers.

The consultant shall collect primary and secondary data, evaluate them and describe the relevant environmental characteristics of the area along the pipeline routes and its corridor of influence, including the following information:

Physical Environment: topography, soils, climate, and meteorology, geology, surface and ground water hydrology, noise, air and water quality

Ecological Environment: flora, fauna, rare and endangered species, religious trees and sensitive habitats (including parks and reserves)

3. 5 Public Participation

The project has decided to involve a variety of concerned groups, including non-governmental organizations, line agencies, community based organizations local leaders and social workers while preparing the IEE report. A notice will be published in a daily newspaper only after the approval of the TOR to inform the local people and stakeholders about the project and to obtain suggestion about the possible environmental impacts and likely mitigation measures during implementation of the project. A copy of the notice shall also be displayed at the concerned VDC office, local school, and health posts and public places in the project area, as per the EPR 1997 (Amendments 1999 and 2007).


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4 POLICIES, LAWS, RULES, DIRECTIVES AND GUIDELINES

The IEE should also be conducted in compliance with the following Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations Standards and Guidelines:

Law

• Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.)

Policies

• Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National Policy, Strategy and Action Plan 2060 B.S. (2004 A.D.)

• Three Year Interim Plan 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.)

• Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Policy 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D.)

• ADB’s “Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS)” 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D.)

Acts and Regulations

• Land Acquisition Act 2034 B.S. (1978 A.D.)

• Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Acts 2044 (1987)

• Solid waste (management& resource mobilization), Rules,2047 (1990)

• Water Resources Act 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.)

• Water Tax Act 2023 (1966)

• Water Resources Regulations 2050 B.S. (1993)

• Labor Act 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.)

• Forest Act 2049 (1992 A.D.)

• Forest Regulations 2050 (1993 A.D.)

• Environmental Protection Act 2053 B.S. (1997 A.D.)

• Environmental Protection Regulations 2054 (1997 A.D.) with Amendment

• Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.)

• Local Self Governance Regulations 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.) • Drinking Water Regulations 2055 B.S. (1998 A.D.)

• Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act 2056 B.S. (2001 A.D.)

• Town Development Act 2045 (1988 A.D.)

Standards and Guidelines

• National EIA Guidelines 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.)

• National Drinking Water Quality Standards 2062 B.S (2005 A.D.)

• Water Resources Strategy, 2055 B.S. (2002 A.D.)


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 22

5 TIME, ESTIMATED BUDGET AND SPECIALISTS REQUIRED

5. 1. Time

After the approval of the TOR, it is expected that the approximate time needed to complete the final IEE report will be 6 weeks. The Proposed work schedule is as follows:

Table 2.5: Proposed work schedule

S. N. Activity / Work 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Approval of IEE TOR 2. Public Notification 3. Desk Study 4. Field Work 4.1 Physical Environmental

Assessment

4.2 Biological Environment Assessment

4.3 Socio economic and Cultural Assessment

5. Analysis of Field

information and Impact

Evaluation

5.1 Alternative Assessment 5.2 Development of

Mitigative Measures

5.3 Development of Environmental Auditing Process

5.4 Preparation Environmental Monitoring Plan

6. Preparation of Draft

report and submission

7. Final Submission after

incorporation of

comments

5. 2 Estimated Budget

The total estimated cost for the IEE study of Sukhad Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is NRs. 27,25,19,715.00inclusive of all taxes.


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 23

5. 3 Resource Persons

As the IEE requires different personnel for specific tasks, the following inter-disciplinary manpower will be required. A team leader will be required to co-ordinate the different tasks of the personnel involved. The Team will be consisting of:

1. Water Supply and Sanitation Engineer 2. Environmentalist 3. Sociologist 4. Geo-hydrologist 5. Botanist/Forrester

6 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

A distinction shall be made between the potentially significant positive and adverse impacts and immediate and long term impacts. Impacts that are unavoidable or irreversible shall be identified. Wherever possible, the significant impacts shall be quantified in terms of environment costs and benefits. The potential impacts of the project are physical, biological and socio-cultural in nature. They can occur at various stages of the project. The impacts other than those mentioned below which is caused during different stages of project (pre construction, construction and operation and maintenance) will be mitigated at the project cost.

• Physical Impact

The impact coverage will mostly be demonstrated on the physical attributes such as project location, forest land and its periphery, agricultural land and others. It will also bring along impacts such as air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, land pollution and other forms of disturbance during various stages of the project implementation.

• Biological impact

The possibility of land destruction and trading of forest product especially NTFP should be taken into concern to avoid such issues to come in action. There is also a possibility of adverse effect on the health of the workers and technicians involved in the construction activities of the project. Under suboptimal operation of the Project creates hazards in term of overall delivery of the outputs and safety of the personnel. The very existence of the Project will be at risk.


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 24

• Socio economic and cultural impact

Lack of good quality water supply system has been a handicap for such service such as education, health, government offices, saving and credits. The improvement of the situation by the installation of a reliable drinking water and sanitation system in this area can also be expected to enhance the activities in this aspect as well. The land price would increase due to the availability of reliable safe drinking water and sanitation system. Pollution of air on agricultural land, vegetation, houses and humans due to dust and vehicular emissions may arise during the project implementation. Due to generation of noise and vibrations and power horns and access due to excavations and vehicle movements disturbance to community activities, the public/social/cultural important sites/schools and festivals and social events may be affected.

7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Alternative alignments to the proposed project to meet the same project objectives shall be described (siting, design, technology choice, construction techniques, operation and maintenance). Alternatives in terms of potential environmental issue, capital and operating costs and institutional training and monitoring requirements shall be described. Costs and benefits of each alternative shall be quantified (wherever possible), incorporating the estimated costs of any associated mitigation measures.

The project specific impacts are listed below:

Arsenic problem

One of the main issues in Sukhad is the arsenic content in water from shallow well. Being located in the Terai region, due to the hot climate during dry season people consume more water for drinking, bathing, washing and other activities. In an area where there is no piped water supply system and arsenic free water is very difficult to get, to provide arsenic free water and also microbiologically accepted water to people of Sukhad is a challenge.

Risk of pollution of raw water supply

Safe intake site with minimum risk of outside pollution shall be selected. The deep well bored shall be well protected with a concrete platform so that surface water does not enter the well and shallow water shall be protected from arsenic by feeding it with cement slurry by grouting. In the distribution system regular operation and maintenance of chlorinators and supervision shall be done.

8 MITIGATION MEASURES

Various mitigation measures are adopted at different stages of the project. The mitigation option for the upcoming impacts shall be listed as per the occurrence stages. They may correspond as per the design phase, construction phase and operation and maintenance phase.


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 25

Project design phase

The project shall take into consideration, of not bringing disturbance to any physical or social infrastructure in the area. It shall be scrutinized to see that it does not damage or obstruct any government and private buildings, social and cultural establishments, schools, colleges, medical service establishments that exist in the service area. Structures of the project have been designed to avoid electric poles and power supply structures, any storm drains along the roads. Permissions from concerned authorities will be obtained and agreements shall be done. The concerned locals and other peoples shall be notified, ahead of the construction time.The design will be taking care to avoid the main forest and to follow the existing trail for the transmission line from the intake to the storage tank/treatment plant as far as possible.

Project Construction phase

During construction proper backfilling of excavated trenches shall be done and construction activities shall be, as far as possible, avoided during the rainy season. Mitigation measures for soil erosion will be taken. Work shall be planned carefully to keep shutdown to a minimum, providing alternative water to affected residents; and liaising with the affected persons to inform them of any cessation in advance. To avoid risks from on site accidents due to the movement of public and workers, health and safety measures will be strongly implicated. Cutting or damaging trees and shrubs shall be avoided as far as possible.

Project operation and maintenance phase

Regular monitoring and maintenance of the water distribution system, chlorinator shall be done to avoid any disturbance or leakage. The risks of contaminated water in the distribution system will be mitigated by regular O&M of chlorinators; regular water quality monitoring of water in the distribution system; immediate action in case of water quality problems; and training and operational supervision of system staff. The drainage facilities and septage pumping facilities shall be improved to meet the new requirements.

9 MATTERS TO BE IMPLEMENTED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE

PROJECT

9. 1 Environmental Management Plan

An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has a dual purpose. It is designed to monitor the contractor’s work during the project implementation. It helps to check contractual compliance with the specified mitigation measures. It also helps in making periodic checks on the actual environmental impacts of the Project over the years following the completion of the works, and to compare these with those impacts anticipated at the time of Project appraisal.

The EMP therefore provides the necessary feedback required for correcting potentially serious Project deficiencies, and in planning of other projects. Feasible and cost effective measures to prevent/mitigate/reduce significant negative impacts shall be recommended in the Environment Monitoring Management Plan, outlining construction, post-construction


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 26

measures. The impacts and costs associated with implementing the measures shall be detailed. Issues related to compensation of affected parties for impacts that cannot be mitigated shall be considered. The EMP shall include proposed work programs, budget estimates, schedules, staffing, and training requirements and other support services to implement the mitigating measures. A detailed Resettlement Action Plan (covering compensation and/or resettlement) for the Project affected Persons shall be prepared in addressing the socio-economic impacts.

9. 2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

The environment monitoring plan (EMP) should be designed in such a way that the contractor should monitor during the construction phase (to see if work is being done according to the contract documents where mitigation measures were specified). The EMP also requires regular monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during project operations over the years following project completion. It provides timely warning of the potential environmental damage and also to check the implementation of mitigation measures to see whether it confirms to the approved plan. The monitoring plan shall include the following critical contents:

i. Identification of environmental parameters/indicators

ii. Development of general monitoring program for assessing the impacts of the project on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment.

iii. Outline a monitoring program for public health in the project camps and surrounding communities during the construction phase

9. 3 Information Disclosure, Public Consultation and Participation

Public consultations will be held in the entire process of IEE study. Stakeholders should be consulted regarding the scope of the environmental study before work has commenced in earnest, and should then be informed about the likely impacts of the subproject and proposed mitigation once the draft IEE is under preparation. The report should record the views of stakeholders and indicate how these have been taken into account in project development.

Information is disclosed through public consultation and more formally by making documents and other materials available in a form and at a location in which they can be easily accessed by stakeholders. This normally involves making draft reports available (in the local language) at public locations in the community and providing a mechanism for the receipt of comments and making documents available more widely. The full IEE (B-sensitive) is also made available to interested parties upon request. For other category B projects, the environmental analysis is posted on the ADB website. The full IEE reports are also made available to the interested parties upon request.

Public consultation and involvement should be given highest priority in the implementation of mitigation measures. Public consultation should take place and on the basis of decision of the consultation meeting, implementation of mitigation measures should be prioritized and should be carried out with the involvement of the local people.

Public consultation program in the project area will be organized to inform the broader communities and to collect the feedbacks and suggestions regarding the issues. This program


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 27

mainly focus on the awareness about the project plans and programs, building of mutual consensus about the implementation of the project, identification of the key issues to be considered during IEE study and project design.

In this regard, a 15 days’ public notice shall be issued in a national daily newspaper as well as in the VDC offices covered by the project to inform the concerned and affected stakeholders about the project and receive the related comments and feedback from them.

9. 4 Grievance Redress Mechanism

A Grievance Redress Mechanism will be suggested. This will assist the project management in handling of grievances/ complaints raised by the local communities regarding the loss of assets, water and sanitation issues during implementation of the project. This mechanism will incorporate procedure to redress grievances such as collection of grievances/ complaints from the affected community and to resolve them. This procedure will describe the mechanism through planning, implementation and management stages. The agencies, which will be responsible for conducting the above activities, will also be defined.

10 REPORT

The format for the IEE report shall include the following:

• Executive Summary (in English and Nepali) • Table of Contents • List of Tables • List of Figures/Photographs • Appendices • List of Abbreviations • Acknowledgements • Introduction • Description of the Project • Description of the Environment • Anticipated environment impacts and mitigation measures • Analysis of alternatives with and without project situations • Information disclosure, consultation and participation • Grievance and redress mechanism • Environment Management Plan • Conclusions and Recommendations • References • Annexes

11 RELEVANT INFORMATION

Tables, figures, maps photographs and references shall be included in the IEE Report.


ERMC Pvt. Ltd 28

ANNEXES

ANNEX 1: Location Map of Sukhad

ANNEX2:BaseMapofSukhad

Annex 2

Rapid Environmental

Assessment

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director,RSESand for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title:

Sector Division:

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A.PROJECT SITING

IS THE PROJECT AREA

� DENSELY POPULATED?

√ Densely populated in market area and others are scattered and rural in character

� HEAVY WITH DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES?

√ Only small developmental activities like

building construction and so are going on � ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY

ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?

√ � Ghodaghodi Lake one of the Ramsar Wetland lies on

• CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE √

� No cultural heritage site within or nearby the project area

Nepal / Sukhad Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project

Water Supply and Sanitation


• PROTECTED AREA √

� Ghodaghodi Lake lies nearby the project area

• WETLAND

√

� No wetland area within or nearby the project area

• MANGROVE

√

� No mangrove area within or nearby the project area

• ESTUARINE

√

� No estuarine area within or nearby the project area

• BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA

√ � No buffer zone within or nearby the project area

• SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY

√ � No special area for protecting diversity within or nearby the

project area

• BAY √ � No any bay within or nearby the project area

B.POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS

Will the Project cause…

� Pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater discharge from communities, industries, agriculture, and soil erosion runoff?

√ � Since ground water being abstracted in the system, possibility

of pollution of raw water supply is not possible. People have their own toilet and not connected to drain and there are no big industries

� Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

√ � All pipes will pass through road side and no any

industrial/cultural monuments/area will be damage by the project within the project area.

� Hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground water pumping?

√

� Only required amount of water will be pumped

� Social conflicts arising from displacement of communities?

√

� Communities will not be displaced

� Conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters?

√ � Since raw water being ground water possibility of conflict do

not exist

� Unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)?

√ � Water quality after treatment, meeting with NDWQS

standard will be supplied

� Delivery of unsafe water to distribution system?

√

� Precaution will be taken to ensure quality of supplied water

� Inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to pollution of water supply?

√

� Boundary wall has been provided


� Over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence?

√

� Only required quantity will be pumped

� Excessive algal growth in storage reservoir? √

� There will be proper cleaning and maintenance of OHT.

� Increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities of community facilities?

√

� Most of the household have their own toilet and not connected to drain. Conceptual design of waste water management has been prepared

� Inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants?

√

� As water quality is as per NDWQS standard only minor sludge will be produced

� Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances and protect facilities?

√ � Pumps have very minimal noise and treatment plant will not

make noise and other nuisance. About 10 m of buffer zone with trees around will be provided

� Impairments associated with transmission lines and access roads?

√

� Transmission line passes through existing road sides

� Health hazards arising from inadequate design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals.

√ � Trained manpower will be used. Adequate measures will be

taken for proper handling.

� Health and safety hazards to workers from handling and management of chlorine used for disinfection, other contaminants, and biological and physical hazards during project construction and operation?

√ � Required training will be provided to handle it properly and

trained manpower will be deployed. Therefore health and safety hazard to workers will not arise

� Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

√

� No settlement of people required

� Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

√ � All households will have their own private tap. Besides this,

these people will get opportunity to work and earn during project implementation.

� Noise and dust from construction activities? √

� During construction some noise may be created and some dust may be produced but will be managed to minimized construction practices mentioned in EMP

� Increased road traffic due to interference of construction activities?

√

� During excavation and back filling of pipe trench traffic interference may occur for short period. Traffic management will be taken care as mentioned in EMP

� Continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations?

√

� Flat terrain and no big amount of earthwork in one place

� Delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems?

√ � Regular monitoring of plant operation will be carried out.

Trained manpower will be deployed through users committee for O&M of the project. One well equipped lab will be established to check water quality on regular basis. Hence these types of problem do not arise.


� Delivery of water to distribution system, which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of corrective chemicals?

√ � Regular monitoring of plant operation will be carried out.

Trained manpower will be deployed through users committee for O&M of the project. One well equipped lab will be established to check water quality on regular basis. Hence these type of problem do not arise

� Accidental leakage of chlorine gas? √

� Chlorine gas is not being used

� Excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water users?

√

� Only required quantity of water will be abstracted

� Competing uses of water? √

� No such possibilities exist. All will get water for all time since system is continuous

� Increased sewage flow due to increased water supply

√

� Most of HHs have their own toilet and conceptual design of structures for waste water management has been done

� Increased volume of sullage (wastewater from cooking and washing) and sludge from wastewater treatment plant

√ � Volume of sullage and sludge may increase in small quantity.

It may not cause serious problems

� Large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

√ � Population will be increased as per the anticipated population

growth rate. No need to hire people from outside during construction period. Local people will be used as far as possible. Skilled manpower if not available locally may be hired from outside.

� Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

√

� Since local people will be used for the implementation of the project as far as possible, such conflict may not arise

• Risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction?

√ � No need to use explosive and other danger chemicals. Fuel

will be properly stored.

� Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

√ � Proper safety measures and precaution will be adopted during

construction period. The project structures will be made inaccessible providing compound wall and fencing or few structure underground

�

�

*

Climate Change and Disaster Risk

Questions

The following questions are not for

environmental categorization. They are

included in this checklist to help identify

potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No Remarks

• Is the Project areasubject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)?

√

The project area does not lie in the verge of any natural hazard threatening state. The area is a flat land having no possible future consequences of such hazards or climate change victim.

� Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (e.g., changes in rainfall patterns disrupt reliability of water supply; sea level rise creates salinity intrusion into proposed water supply source)?

√

The project area has a rich groundwater aquifer and the groundwater recharge is also sufficient So at this state and with the prediction for the design year population, the acquired quantity is enough. Thus it will not affect the liability and lifespan of the project with climate change.

� Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g.,high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

√

No there isn't any vulnerable population within the project area that has been ignored or left out.

� Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by using water from a vulnerable source that is relied upon by many user groups, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

√

Water supply project has a very least environmental impact. Thus not leading towards any drastic change in the climate or its surroundings.

Annex 3

Public Notice

Annex 4

Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka)

Annex 5

Recommendation Letter

Annex 6

List of persons contacted

S. N. NAME DESIGNATION ADDRESS

1.

Nanda ram acharya

WUSC President

Sukhad

2. Kamala devi WUSC member Sukhad

3. Shyam Prasad sapkpta

Local Sukhad 10

4. Bhanju Pant Local Sukhad

170. Indra Bam Local Jurepani

171. Kashiram joshi Local Narayanpur

172. Bishnu bhandari Local Sandepani-3

173. Sarpe Adhikari Local Sandepani – 3

174. Shyam bhandari Local Sandepani -2

175. Ram Prasad sapkota Local Ram shikhar Jhala

176. Lal Prasad neupane Local Laxmipur Darakh

177. Pavitra sankyal Local Darakh

Annex 7

Water Quality Test Report

Annex 8

Survey Questionnaire

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!=@! oxfFsf] kl/jf/n] s'g} 7'nf] C0f af]Sg' k/]sf] 5 < 5 5}g

@= vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ Joj:yfkg

@=! tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] nfuL vfg, vfgf ksfpg, g'xfpg, efF8fjt{g tyf n'uf w'gsf nfuL k|of]u ul/g] kfgLsf] >f]t Pp6} xf] <

xf] xf]Og

@=@ tkfO{sf] vfgkfgLsf] d'Vo >f]t sxFf 5 < 3/ sDkfp08 leq} ;fj{hlgs :yndf

@=# tkfO{sf] kl/jf/n] lkpg, vfgf ksfpgsf] nfuL k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] >f]t s'g xf] < b}lgs slt ln6/ kfgL vr{g' x'G5 < s[kof tnsf] sf]7fdf-

�_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .

qm=;+= jiff{ofddf � ln6/÷ b}lgs ;'Vvf ofddf � ln6/÷ b}lgs

!= O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ Á O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ Á

@= O{gf/÷s'jf -9Ssg ePsf]_

Á Ogf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ePsf]_

Á

#= 6\o"a]n÷x\of08kDk Á 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk Á

$= l8k 6\o"a]n Á l8k 6\o"a]n Á

%= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg]

Á O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg]

Á

^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f Á ;fj{hlgs wf/f Á

&= lghL wf/f Á lghL wf/f ] Á

*= d"n, vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L

Á d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L

Á

(= laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/

Á laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/

Á

!)= jiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/

Á aiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/

Á

!!= cGo Á cGo Á

!@= yfxf 5}g Á yfxf 5}g Á

@=$ b}lgs vfg]kfgL cfjZos k"lt{ kfgL ;+sngaf/] lgDg lj:t[t ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ .

qm=;+= ljj/0f

jiff{ ofddf ;'Vvf ofddf

k'?if dlxnf aflnsf Affns k'?if dlxnf aflnsf afns

!= slt v]k÷k6s

@= ln6/÷v]k

#= s'n kl/df0f

$= kfgL Nofpg nfUg] ;do -ldg]6_÷v]k

• kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd k'Ug

• d'xfgdf kv{g' kg]{ ;do

• kms{bf nfUg] ;do

gf]6 M cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn] kfgLsf] efF8f] x]/L ;f]sf] Ifdtf olsg ul/ pNn]v ug]{ .

@=% efF8f dfem\g, g'xfpg / n'uf w'g tyf cGo sfdsf] nfuL s'g >f]ts]f kfgL k|of]u ug'{x'G5 < slt kfgL vkt ug'{x'G5<

s[kof �lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .

qm=;+= jiff{ofdddf � ln6/÷ b}lgs

;'Vvf ofddf � ln6/÷ b}lgs

!= O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ Á O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ Á

@= O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt Á O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt Á

#= 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt Á 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt Á

$= l8k 6\o"a]n Á l8k 6\o"a]n Á

%= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] Á O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] Á

^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f Á ;fj{hlgs wf/f Á

&= 3/s} lghL wf/f Á 3/s} lghL wf/f Á

*= D"fn,vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L Á d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L Á

(= kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ Á kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ Á

!)= cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ Á cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ Á

!!= cGo cGo

!@= Yfxf 5}g Á Yfxf 5}g Á

@=^ n'uf w'g / g'xfpg 3/af6 kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd hfg slt ;do nfUb5 . -olb >f]t÷d'xfg 5'§f5'§} ePdf ;do -

ldg]6df_ pNn]v ug]{_

s_ n'uf w'g hfg] g'xfpg efF8f dfem\g

v_ jiff{ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6 ;'Vvf ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6

@=& olb wf/fsf] kfgL oxfFsf] cfjZostf kl/k'lt{ug{ kof{Kt 5}g eg] s;/L cfk'lt{ ug'{ x'G5<

kfgLsf] >f]t kl/df0f

ln6/

vr{g' kg]{ ;do -306f_ b}lgs Yfk vr{ dfl;s

s'jf Ogf/

cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng

lghL 6}+s/af6 kfgL lsGg]

Xf08\ kDk,6\o'jj]n

ldgn/ jf6/ hf/

cGo

@=* ufO{a:t'sf] nflu rflxg] kfgL s'g >f]taf6 slt dfqfdf pkef]u ug'{x'G5 .

s_ k|of]u ePsf] ;|f]t========================================================

v_ kl/df0f -ln6/÷b}lgs_ ================================================

u_ >f]t;Dd hfg cfpg nfUg] ;do -ldg]6_=========================

#= lghL wf/f h8fg

#=! s] tkfO{n] 3/df kfOk wf/f h8fg ug'{ ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g olb 5 eg] slt vr{ nfUof]< ?=

#=@ s] tkfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f hf]8\g rfxg' x'G5 < rfxG5' rfxGg rfxg' x'G5 eg] s:tf] k|sf/sf] wf/f h8fg ug{ OR5f

/fVg' x'G5 <

s_ 3/leq lghL wf/f

v_ sDkfp08leq lghL wf/f

u_ ;fd'bflos wf/f

#=# olb tkfOsf] 3/df lghL wf/f h8fg ePsf] 5}g eg], lsg h8fg gu/]sf] <

s_ vr{ ug]{ Ifdtf gePsf]n]

v_ h8fg z'Ns w]/} kg]{ ePsf]n]

u_ dfl;s kfgL lan w]/} cfpg] ePsf]n]

3_ kfgLsf] dfqf kof{Kt gePsf]n]

ª_ kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ lgoldt gePsf]n]

r_ o; If]qdf kfOknfOg h8fg ug{] Joj:yf pknAw gePsf]n]

5_ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] gePsf]n]

h_ cGo sf/0f pNn]v ug]{

em_ yfxf 5}g

#=$ xfn tkfO{n] kfghL wf/f afkt uPsf] dlxgfdf kfgLsf] dxz'n slt ltg'{ eof] < ?

#=% uPsf] dlxgfdf lt/]sf] lan b]vfpg ;Sg' x'G5 < -lan pknJw eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f eg]{_

s_ lt/]sf] /sd ? v_ vkt ePsf] kfgLsf] dfqf ln6/

#=^ kfgLsf] lan s'g cfwf/df ltg'{x'G5 <� lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .

s_ dfl;s lglZrt tf]lsPsf] /sd

v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë adf]lhd

u_ vfg]kfgL sfof{non] eg] hlt

3_ ltg'{ kb]{g

ª_ cGo

r_ yfxf 5}g

#=& tkfO{nfO{ kfgLsf] lan ltg{ s'g tl/sf dg k5{ <

s_ lglZrt tf]lsPsf] dfl;s z'Ns

v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë lan cg';f/

#=* 3/sf] wf/fdf kfgL gcfpFbf klg kfgL dxz'n ltg'{ k5{ < k5{ kb}{g

#=( lghL wf/fsf] kfgL afx]s tkfO{n] slxn] yk kfgL lsGg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 <

jiff{ofddf ln6/ ;'Vvfofddf ln6/ kb}{g

#=!) lghL:t/sf kfgL laqm]tfaf6 lsGbf slt kl/df0f s'g b/df kfgL lsGg' ePsf] 5<

ln6/ ?= ÷k|lt ln6/sf] b/ ?=

#=!! tkfOsf] 3/sf] wf/f slt e/kbf]{ 5 <

s_ kfgL lg/Gt/ cfp5

v_ kfgL slxn] cfpF5 / slxn] cfpFb}g

u_ kfgL Ps lbg la/fP/ cfpF5

3_ kfgL k|To]s lbg s]xL 306f cfpF5

#=!@ vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL cj?4 x'bf dd{t ;Def/ ubf{ nfUg] vr{ Joxf]g]{ lhDdf s;sf] xf] <

s_ g]kfn ;/sf/

v_ vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;/;kmfO ;ldlt

u_ ;d'bfo ÷ 5/ l5d]sL

3_ cGo pNn]v ug]{ =========================================================================

#=!# vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk÷wf/f dd{t ;'wf/sf] nflu jflif{s slt /sd vr{ ug'{x'G5 < u5'{ ulb{g

#=!$ ;fj{hlgs wf/f k|of]u u/] jfkt kfgL kf]t ltg'{ k5{<

kb}{g k5{ , k5{ eg] slt < /sd dfl;s÷jflif{s

#=!% kfgLsf] u'0f:t/M tkfO{n] k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/k|lt ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g

olb 5}g eg], kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ ;DalGw ;d:of s:tf 5g <

c_ kfgL uGxfpF5

cf_ :jfb g/fd|f] 5

O_ kfgL k|b"lift÷wldnf] 5

O{_ cGo s]lx ;d:of eP pNn]v ug]{ ===================================

#=!^ o;/L k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ s] ug'{ x'G5

kfgLsf] k|zf]wgsf 3/]n' ljlw Yfk vr{ dfl;s

pdfNg]

lkmN6/ ug]{

5fGg]

Snf]l/g -lko';_, cfnd, kf]6f;

o'/f] uf8{

;f]l8;

;x–nufgL cjwf/0ff ;DaGwL k|fyldstf

$=! olb tkfO{sf] gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;= df ljleGg of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ /sd pknAw 5 eg] lgDglnlvt dWo] s'g s'g @ of]hgfnfO{

klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'x'G5 <

s_ ;8s aQL

v_ sfnf]kq] ;8s

u_ ljBfno

3_ c:ktfn

ª_ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL

r_ k}bnofqL ;8s

5_ ljB't

h_ ;+rf/

em_ ;/;kmfO{÷;'ljwf

`_ l;rfO{

6_ kf6Lkf}jf wd{zfnf

7_ cGo ===============================

$=@ olb tkfO{ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ 7fGg' x'G5 eg], s:tf] lsl;dsf] vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] rfxgf ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

s_ 3/÷ sDkfp08leq} JolQmut÷lghL wf/f h8fg

u_ z'Ns ;lxtsf] ;fd'bflos wf/f h8fg

3_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, x\of08kDk hl8t

ª_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, ljB'tLo oGq hl8t

r_ xfn pknJw ;]jfdf ;'wf/ cfjZos 5}g

5_ cGo -pNn]v ug'{xf];\_=======================================

$=# olb tkfO{sf] 3/df wf/f 5}g / lghL wf/f /fVg OR5's x'g'x'G5 eg], slt /sd ;x–nufgL ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < s[kof tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf lglh wf/f /fVg slt /sd ;Dd nufgL ug'{x'G5 nufgLsf] /sdsf] ;Ldfdf �lrGx nufpg'xf]; .

nufgLsf] ljj/0f � lrGx nufpg]

!%))) eGbf dfyL �

())! b]lv !%))) ;Dd �

^))! b]lv ())) ;Dd �

#))! b]lv ^))) ;Dd �

!%)! b]lv #))) ;Dd �

!%)) eGbf sd �

$=$ lghL wf/f h8fg afkt nfUg] z'Ns Joxf]g'{ kg]{5< dGh'/ 5 � dGh'/ 5}g �

$=% gofF vfg]kfgL of]hgf z'? ePdf / ;f] of]hgfaf6 rf}lj;} 306f kof{Kt dfqfdf u'0f:t/o'Qm kfgL pknJw ePsf] v08df s]

tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f h8fg ug{ OR5's x'g' x'G5< 5' 5}g

olb OR5's eP gofF lgodfg';f/ dfl;s kfgL dxz'n lgoldt a'´fpg' x'G5<

5' 5}g olb OR5's x'g' x'G5 eg] tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf kfgL dxz'nsf] ;Ldfdf � lrGx nufP/ cfkm\gf] O{R5f

JoQm ug'{xf]; .

178.

qm=;+= Dffl;s kfgL dxz'n � lrGx nufpg]

!= ? %)) eGbf dfyL �

@= ? $%! b]lv %)) �

#= ? $)! b]lv $%) �

$= ? #%! b]lv $)) �

%= ? #)! b]lv #%) �

^= ? @%! b]lv #)) �

^= ? @)! b]lv @%) �

&= ? !%! b]lv @)) �

$=^ gofF vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf x'g tkfO{sf] kl/jf/af6 klg k|ltj4tf :j?k clu|d /sd of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5, oxfFsf] ljrf/df slt k|ltzt of]ubfg x'g ;S5<

nfutsf] %Ü !)Ü !%Ü

$=& gofF ;/;kmfO{ ;'ljwf -;fd'bflos zf}rfno tyf ;txL 9n_ lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;x nufgL :j?k !%Ü :yfgLo lgsfo / pkef]Qmfn]

;xnufgL ug{ OR5's x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g

olb rfxg'x'G5 eg], slt ;Dd<

$=* oxfFnfO{ geO gx'g] tyf eP /fd|f] x'g] k|fylds cfjZostf s'g xf]<

lghL wf/f h8fg lghL rkL{ lgdf{0f b'j}

%=n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 dlxnf ;xeflutf

-cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df, nlIft ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 / 5'§}

dlxnf ;d'x;Fu dfq ;f]lwg] k|Zgx?_

s_ dlxnfx?sf] pkl:ylt / ;xefuLtf

%=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{ s'g} a}7s af]nfO{Psf] lyof] <

lyof] lyPg

%=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof] <

lyof] lyPg

olb lyof] eg] dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] lyof] <

;'Gg] dfq cGtlqm{ofTds lg0ff{os

%=# cfof]hgfsf] lqmofsnfkx?sf] /]vb]v ug{ s] vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{

;ldlt÷;+:yf u7g ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g

%=$ vf=kf=p=;=;ldltsf ;b:ox? dWo] slt dlxnf ;b:ox? 5g\< -cGtjf{tf lng] JolQmn] vf=kf=p=;=;=l;t ;ldltsf]

kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL tyf tnlj sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L pknJw u/fpg] _

v_ n}lËstfsf cfwf/df sfo{ ljefhg

%=% tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] sfdx? cS;/ s:n] ug]{ ub{5<(√)lrGx nufpg';\

b}lgs 306fdf

qm=;+ 3/fol; lqmofsnfkx? k'?if Dflxnf s'n ;do

! Vffg]kfgL eg]{, af]Sg], e08f/0f / k|of]u ug]{

@ efG5f tof/ ug]{, ef8fF dfem\g

# Affnaflnsf / j[4j[4fsf] :ofxf/

$ n'uf w'g] 3/ ;kmf ug]{

% vfBfGg e08f/0f tyf tof/L

^ cGo

u_ kfl/jfl/s Joj:yfkg, cfo >f]t / cGo ljifodf dlxnfx?sf] lgoGq0f / kx'Fr

%=^ tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]lvt kfl/jf/Ls ljifo jf If]qx?df lg0f{o ubf{ oxfFsf] 3/ kl/jf/df dlxnf÷k'?ifsf] egfO{sf] ;'g'jfO{ x'G5 < pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\

qm=;+ ljifo jf sfo{If]qx? x'G5 (√) x'b}g (√)

! cfly{s ;/f]sf/sf s'/fx?

@ s]6fs]6Lsf] lzIff lbIff

# s]6fs]6L / j[4j[4fsf] :jf:Yo / :ofxf/

$ crn ;Dklt lsgj]r -3/ hUuf_

% b}lgs lqmofsnfkx?

^ ;fdflhs ljlw Jojxf/, ljjfx, at{jGw, rf8kj{ tyf ;fdflhs÷kfl/jf/Ls ;';DjGwg cflb

& cGo

%=& oxfFsf] kl/jf/df kfl/jf/Ls ;Dkltsf lgDg ljifodf dlxnfsf] kxF'r / :jfldTj /x]sf] 5 5}g tnsf] tflnsfdf pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\

qm ;+ ljj/0f kx'Fr :jfldTj

! hUuf hldg

@ 3/ tyf cGo ;+/rgfx?

# rn ;Dklt÷;l+rt k};f

$ B}lgs lqmofsnfkx?

% cGo

3_ vf=kf=p=;=;= tyf ;d'bfodf dlxnfsf] :t/ -x}l;ot_ -lgDg a'Fbfx? cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn] u/]sf]

cjnf]sgsf cfwf/ x'g]5 _

qm;+ ljifo pRr dWod lgDg

! cfTd;Ddfgaf]w

@ cfTdljZjf; g]t[Tj zLk

# bfloTjaf]w / Ifdtf

$ Nofst, ts{ ;+ut, w}o{ / d]xgt

% cGo

^= ;d ljsf;df kx'Frsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf

-cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGg ju{sf,] cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt tyf k5fl8 k/]sf ju{sf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf

;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df, nlIft ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 / 5'§} dlxnf ;d'x;Fu 5nkmn ubf{

;f]Wg] k|Zgx?_

s_ cfof]hgf lqmofsnfkdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGg ju{x?, hfthflt, blnt, ckfËtf ePsf] JolQmsf] pkl:ylt

^=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{] s'g} e]nf÷a}7sdf ;dfj]zL tj/n] af]nfO{Psf] lyof] <

lyof] lyPg

^=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df ;xefuLx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof]< lyof] lyPg

^=# s] vf=kf=p=;=;=sf] u7gdf ;dfj]zLtf c+uLsf/ ePsf] lyof]< lyof] lyPg

v_ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;dfj]zL k|s[of ckgfPsf] lyof] <

^=$ cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ hfthfltx?sf] s:tf] e"ldsf s:tf] lyof] <

pRr dWod lgDg

^=% ;fgf ;x/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL cfwf/df pkef]Qmfx?sf] kl/rfng ug{ ePsf] k|of;

s:tf] lyof]<

/fd|f] dWod lgDg

&= :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO

s= vfg]kfgL

! tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ g/fd|f] -v/fa_ ePdf s] ;d:ofx? b]lvg ;S5 <

-Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

!=! b'u{Gw cfpg] ÷ gld7f] :jfb

!=@ bfFt ljlu|g]÷/+uLg]

!=# la/fdL agfpg]

!=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ =================

@= s] tkfO{FnfO{ kfgL eg]{ / /fVg] efF8f] kfgL eg'{ / e08f/ ug'{ k"j{ ;kmf ug'{k5{ eGg]

yfxf 5 < 5 5}g

olb 5 eg], kfgL /fVg] efF8f] s;/L ;kmf ug'{ x'G5 <

vfnL kfgL dfqn] v/fgL kfgLn] e';÷lk7f] / kfgLn]

;fa'g kfgLn] cGo -pNn]v ug'{;\_ =============================

#= tkfO{ 3/df kfgL s;/L /fVg' x'G5 <

-Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

#=! kfgL eg'{ klxn] efF8f ;kmf ug]{

#=@ af;L kfgL km\ofFSg]

#=# kfgL /fVg] efF8f] /fd|f];Fu 9fs]/÷5f]k]/ /fVg]

#=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_============================

$= tkfO{ ufu|f] jf 3}+6f]af6 kfgL s;/L lgsfNg'x'G5 <

$=! kfgL ;fg'{ cl3 cDvf]/f, nf}6f, s?jf, du wf]P/

$=@ lunf;, du, sk ufu|Ldf 8'afP/

$=# ufu|f]af6 nf]6f, c+Dvf]/f, s?jf, lunf;df kfgL ;f/]/

$=$= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ===============================

v= rkL{

!= rkL{ k|of]usf kmfO{bfx? s] s] 5g\ < -PseGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

!=! a'9f, afns tyf la/fdLnfO{ ;'ljwf

!=@ 3/ tyf jftfj/0f ;kmf x'g]

!=# uf]Kotf x'g]

!=$ /f]uaf6 arfj6 x'g]

!=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_===================================

@= s] tkfO{FnfO{ lb;faf6 /f]u ;5{ eGg] nfU5 < nfU5 nfUb}g

olb nfU5 eg], dflg;sf] lb;faf6 ;g]{ /f]ux?sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ < ================================

#= s] tkfO{Fsf] 3/df rkL{ 5 < 5 5}g

#=! olb 5 eg], s:tf] k|sf/sf] rkL{ 5 <

! vfN8] rkL{

@ e]lG6n]6]8 vfN8] rkL{

# jf6/ l;n÷kf]/ km\n;

$ l;:6g{ km\n;

% cGo =================

=@ olb 5 eg], tkfOF{sf] 3/df rkL{ s;s;n] k|of]u ug'{x'G5 <

-!= ;a}n], @= aRrf afx]s ;a}n] #= jo:s / k|f}9n] dfq} $= lj/fdL dfq}n]_

#=# olb 5}g eg], lsg rkL{ gagfpg' ePsf] xf] <

-s= agfpg] tl/sf yfxf geP/, v= nufgL ug{ g;s]/, u= v'Nnf d}bfgdf lb;f ug]{ afgL eP/, 3= hUufsf] cefjn] ª cGo -

pNn]v ug]{+_===============_

#=$ olb 5}g eg,] lb;f ug{ sxfF hfg'x'G5 <

-s= Vff]nf÷hËn÷lsgf/ v= v'Nnf d}bfg÷7fpF u= 3/÷;8s 5]p 3= hxfF ;lhnf] x'G5_

#=% olb 5}g eg], rkL{ agfpg slt nufgL ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 < ?=

u= vfg]s'/fsf] ;/;kmfO

!= vfBkbfy{ b"lift x'gaf6 s;/L arfpg'x'G5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg;Sg]_

!=! ksfPsf] vfgf 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg]

!=@ af;L aRg] u/L w]/} gksfP/

!=# sfFr} vfOg] vfg]s'/f /fd|f];Fu kvfn]/ wf]P/ dfq vfg]

!=$ xft uf]8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq efG;fdf k;]/

!=% ;kmf xftn] vfgf k:sg]

!=^ 8f8' kGo', yfn÷efF8fs'F8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq vfgf k:sg]÷vfg]

!=& r'nf] rf}sL ksfpg] ef8f, 9sgx? ;kmf /fVg]

!=* w]/} af;L jf ;8] un]sf kmnkm'n t/sf/L gvfg]

@= s] tkfO{ vfg]s'/f 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg'x'G5 < /fV5' /flVbg

olb /fVg'x'G5 eg], To;af6 s] s] kmfObfx? 5g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

@=! w'nf] d}nf], lem+uf, ;fËnf, ls/f, tyf 3/kfn'jf kz'kG5Laf6 arfj6

@=@ d";f÷5'r'Gb|f]÷dfp;'ln÷la/fnf]af6 aRg

@=# vfB k|b'if0faf6 x'g] /f]uaf6 aRg

@=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_=====================================

n agfpg] tl/sf yfxf 5 5}g ;f]Wg], olb yfxf ePdf ;lx tl/sfn] hLjghn agfpg] . hLjghn agfpg] ;lx tl/sf lgDgcg';f/sf] 5 .

!= klxnf ;fa'g kflgn] xft ;kmf ug]{, @= lrof lunf;sf] ^ lunf; -Ps ln6/_ kfgL Pp6f ;kmf efF8f]df xfNg] -olb kfgL pdfn]sf] ePdf ;]nfpg lbg]_, #=hLjghnsf] Ps Kofs]6leq ePsf] w'nf] k"/} kfgLdf xfnL kfgLnfO{ /fd|/L rnfP/ w'nf]nfO{ 3'Ng lbg] .

3= JolQmut ;/;kmfO

!= tkfO{F / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] / s] u/]kl5 xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g] eP o:tf] -�_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gw'g] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

qm=;+=

lqmofsnfk

% jif{ d'lgsf

afnaflnsf

dlxnf

k'?if

w'g] -�_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -�_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -�_ gw'g] -×_

! vfgf vfg' cl3

@ vfgf vfPkl5

# lb;f uPkl5

$ kmf]x/ d}nf 5f]Pkl5

% sfdaf6 kms]{kl5

^ s]6fs]6LnfO{ lb;f lk;fj u/fO ;s]kl5

& cGo -pNn]v ug]{_

@= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] s] n] xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g]df o:tf] -�_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gw'g]df o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; .

lqmofsnfk

% jif{ d'lgsf

afnaflnsf

dlxnf

k'?if

w'g] -�_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -�_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -�_ gw'g] -×_

!= kfgL dfq}

@= v/fgL kfgL

#= e';÷lk7f] kfgL

$= ;fa'g kfgL

%= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_

hDdf

#= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] slxn] g'xfpg'x'G5 <

g'xfpg] eP o:tf] -�_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gg'xfpg] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; .

qm=;+= k|lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if

-�_ -×_ -�_ -×_ -�_ -×_

!= k|To]s lbg

@= Ps lbg la/fP/

#= xKtfdf @ k6s

$= xKtfdf ! k6s

%= @ xKtfdf ! k6s

^= dlxgfdf Ps k6s

hDdf

ª= kmf]x/ d}nf Joj:yfkg

!= tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] 7f]; kmf]x/ d}nf sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 <

!=! 3/ glhs vfN8f]df

!=@ lghL kmf]x/ ;+sngstf{nfO{ lbg]

!=# uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsfn] Joj:yf u/]sf] vfN8f] jf Sofgdf

!=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ===================================================

@= 7f]; tyf t/n kmf]x/ j:t'nfO{ cJojl:yt tl/sfn] lj;h{g ugf{n] x'g] g/fd|f c;/x? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg; Sg]_

@=! kmf]xf]/ jftfj/0fdf j[l4

@=@ nfdv'§], lem+uf, ls/fx?sf] j[l4

@=# /f]u ;g]{df j[l4

@=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ========================================

#= tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ kfgL sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 <

#=! vfN8f]df(Soak pit)

#=@ t/sf/L af/Ldf÷s/];f af/Ldf

#=# ;fj{hlgs 9ndf

#=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ==========================================

r= j:t'efpsf] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg

!= s] tkfO{n] a:t'efp kfNg' ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g -olb 5}g eg] kfgL hGo ;?jf /f]udf hfg]_ olb 5 eg] s'g s'g k|sf/sf 5g\ / ltgLx?nfO{ sxfF /fVg' x'G5 <

qm= ;+=

a:t'efpsf] k|sf/ 3/leq} /fVg] aflx/ 5'§} uf]7df /fVg]

! ufO{÷e}+;L

@ a+u'/÷;+u'/

# afv|f

$ s'v'/f÷xfF;

% cGo

@= a:t'efpaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ sxfF / s;/L lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 <

@=! dnvfbdf

@=@ cfuf] afNg]÷u'OF{7f agfpg]

@=# uf]j/ Uof; KnfG6df k|of]u ug]{

@=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======================================

#= j:t'efpsf] kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] hyfeflj cJojl:yt tj/n] lj;h{g ubf{ x'g] v/fj c;/x? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg

;Sg]_

#=! jftfj/0fL kmf]xf]/df j[l4 x'g]

#=@ nfdv'§,] lem+uf, ls/fx?s]f j[l4 x'g]

#=# /f]uAoflw j9\g] tyf ;g]{

#=$ ufFp, 5/l5d]s tyf gu/ czf]elgo b]lvg]

#=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ========================================

5= kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]ux?

!= kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]usf] sf/0fx? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

!=! b"lift kfgL k|of]u ubf{

!=@ b"lift vfgf vfFbf

!=# 3/ tyf ;fj{hlgs :yndf kmf]x/ a9\gfn]

!=$ dflg;sf] dnd"q hyfefjL km\ofSg] ubf{

!=% kmf]xf]/ d}nf hyfefjL km\ofFSg] ubf{

!=^ :jf:Yo lzIff tyf :j:y afgLsf] cefj

!=& ;/;kmfO{ / :jf:Yo ;DjGwL 1fg / r]tgfsf] cefjn]

!=* cGo ======================================================================================

@= tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/df sf]xL la/fdL k/]df s] ug'{x'G5 <-k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_

@=! 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{

@=@ wfdL, emfFqmL, k'hf/L sxfF nfg]

@=# cf}iflw k;ndf hfg]

@=$ :Jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg]

@=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_

#= olb kl/jf/df s;}nfO{ emf8fkvfnf nfu]df s] ug'{x'G5 < -k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_

#=! hLjghn v'jfpg]

#=@ 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{

#=# wfdL, emf+qmL jf k'hf/L sxfF hfg]

#=$ cf}iflw k;ndf hfg]

#=% :jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg]

#=^ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_==========================

$= ut Ps jif{leq kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? tnsf /f]ux? dWo] s'g s'g /f]uaf6 lj/fdL eP< -df]la{l8l6 sf] l:ylt_

%= tkfO{sf] kl/jf/df kfgLhGo lgDglnlvt ;?jf /f]uaf6 sf]lx lj/fdL k/]sf] lyof]< tnsf] tflnsfdf ;+Vof pNn]v ug'{;\ .

qm= ;+= /f]u % jif{ d'lgsf

afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if

jflif{s

vr{ ?=

! emf8fkvfnf

@ cfpF

# h'sf

$ 6fO{kmfO{8

% x}hf

^ 5fnf ;DaGwL /f]u

& cf}nf]/f]u -dn]l/of_

* sdnlkQ -h08L;_

( cGo

^= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{sf kl/jf/df sf]xL emf8f kvfnf tyf kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?af6 d[To' ePsf] 5 < -d[To' cj:yf_

/f]u % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if

emf8f kvfnf

cfpF

kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?

hDdf

&= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ emf8fkvfnf / kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?sf] pkrf/df slt

/sd vr{ ug'{ eof] <

/f]u

Vfr{ /sd -?=df_

@))) ;Dd @))!—#))) #))!—%))) %))) eGbf dfly

emf8fkvfnf

kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?

hDdf

;xof]usf nfuL wGojfb!

hDdf

Annex 9

Focus group discussion

Annex10

Photographs

Photo 1. Interaction with the WUSC

Photo 2. OHT location 1

41022-022: Second Small Towns Water Supply and … · Initial Environmental Examination January...

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Transcript of 41022-022: Second Small Towns Water Supply and … · Initial Environmental Examination January...