3-min @umbral chromosphere (Becker & Schultz 1972)

5-min @umbral photosphere (Bhatnagar et al. 1972)

p-Mode Seismiv Waves

Barnerjee et al. 2001, A&A

De Pontieu et al. 2004

P-mode wave can leak into the chromosphere and TR, if there is Bt

Pcutoff 180 s ???

Wave trap

3-min Period Oscillations

Chromospheric cavity

Leibacher et al. (1982)

Cut-off period

Fleck & Schmitz (1991)

Pcutoff 180 s

))(

1(4 gm

yTk

c

gf

p

B

sc