Unit 12 Grammar

Presentation

Pages 199-200

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: PLACEMENT

MAIN CLAUSE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Noun/Pron

oun

Relative

Pronoun

They met a woman who teaches

psychology.

I’ve read everything that

discusses

her

work.

AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE EMBEDS (BURIES)

ONE SENTENCE INSIDE ANOTHER:

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

I met a woman who teaches psychology.

Main

SentenceI met a woman.

Embedded

SentenceThe woman teaches psychology.

AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE EMBEDS (BURIES)

ONE SENTENCE INSIDE ANOTHER:

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

I’ve read everything that discusses her

work.

Main

SentenceI’ve read everything.

Embedded

SentenceEverything discusses her work.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:

WHO AND THAT

PEOPLE

I have a friend who loves to talk.

I have friends that love to talk.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:

WHO AND THAT

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

I have a friend who loves to talk. =

I have a friend that loves to talk.

Main

SentenceI have a friend.

Embedded

SentenceThe friend loves to talk.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:

WHO AND THAT

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

I have friends who love to talk. =

I have friends that love to talk.

Main

SentenceI have friends.

Embedded

SentenceThe friends love to talk.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:

WHICH AND THAT

THINGS

This is a book which is useful

These are

books

that are useful.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:

WHICH AND THAT

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

This is a book which is useful. =

This is a book that is useful.

Main

SentenceThis is a book.

Embedded

SentenceThe book is useful.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:

WHICH AND THAT

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

These are books which are useful. =

These are books that are useful.

Main

SentenceThese are books.

Embedded

SentenceThe books are useful.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS:

WHOM, THAT, 0

PEOPLE

This is the

doctor

who(m)

that

0

we consulted.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS:

WHOM, THAT, 0

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

This is the doctor whom we consulted. =

This is the doctor who we consulted. =

This is the doctor we consulted.

Main

SentenceThis is the doctor.

Embedded

SentenceWe consulted the doctor.

Explanation You can omit the relative pronoun if it

replaces the object of the embedded

sentence.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS:

WHICH, THAT, 0

THINGS

This is the

test

which

that

0

he gave us.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS:

WHICH, THAT, 0

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

This is the test which he gave us. =

This is the test that he gave us. =

This is the test he gave us.

Main

SentenceThis is the test.

Embedded

SentenceHe gave us the test.

Explanation You can omit the relative pronoun if it

replaces the object of the embedded

sentence.

WHOSE + NOUN TO INDICATE

POSSESSION

PEOPLE

She is the woman whose son is so famous.

She is the woman whose son I am tutoring.

WHOSE + NOUN TO INDICATE

POSSESSION

THINGS

It’s the book whose reviews were so good.

It’s the book whose reviews I have just read.

WHOSE + NOUN TO INDICATE

POSSESSION

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

This is the woman whose son is famous.

Main

SentenceThis is the woman.

Embedded

SentenceThe woman’s son is famous.

Explanation Use whose when there is a possessive in

the embedded sentence.

WHERE AND WHEN IN ADJECTIVE

CLAUSES

WHERE

Place

Remember the

café

where we met.

WHERE AND WHEN IN ADJECTIVE

CLAUSES

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

Remember the café where we met.

Main

SentenceRemember the café.

Embedded

SentenceWe met at the café.

Explanation Use where as the relative pronoun when

the embedded sentence contains a

preposition of place.

WHERE AND WHEN IN ADJECTIVE

CLAUSES

WHEN

Time

I remember

the day

(when)

(that)

0

we parted.

WHERE AND WHEN IN ADJECTIVE

CLAUSES

Sentence

with

Adjective

Clause

I remember the day when we parted. =

I remember the day that we parted. =

I remember the day we parted.

Main

SentenceI remember the day.

Embedded

SentenceWe parted on that day.

Explanation Use when for the relative pronoun when

the embedded sentence contains a

preposition of time

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: IDENTIFYING OR

NON-IDENTIFYING

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES THAT IDENTIFY

The woman who/that created the test

studied psychology.

The test which/that/0 she created describes

personality types.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: IDENTIFYING OR

NON-IDENTIFYING

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES THAT DO NOT IDENTIFY

Myers, who created the test, was a Jungian

psychologist.

The Myers-Briggs test, which she and her

daughter created, describes personality

types.