Unit 9 Grammar

Compound nouns

• Compound nouns are made up of more than one word.

There are three categories of compound nouns

• 1. Compound nouns as one word: doorknob, homeroom.

• 2. Compound nouns with a hyphen: great-grandmother, runner-up.

• Two or more words that need to be together to express the idea: dining room, motion picture.

Rules for plural compound nouns.

• For one word compound nouns

• 1. Add s to the word: necklaces, leftovers

• 2. Add es to words that end in ch, sh, s or x : matchboxes.

• There are some exceptions in english but this is a general rule.

Rules for plural compound nouns.

• For hyphenated words and more than one word:

• make the most important or logical word plural: Mothers-in-law, runners-up,

• music boxes, dining rooms

9.3 possessive nouns

• A possessive noun names who or what owns or has something.

• Hannah’s riddle is very interesting.

• The teachers’ lunches were very delicious.

• ’ (why is this placed differently?)

There are rules for the spelling and conjugation of possessive nouns.

• For singular nouns add an ’s:

• A girl’s coat. A cat’s bed. Alexis’s homework.

• ’(an apostrophe)

• :)---- a smily face

• ::::) ------ A happy spider

RULES (continued)

• Plural nouns ending in S , add an apostrophe

• boys’ shoes, the families’ children

(Rules) continued.

• For plural nouns not ending in s, add an apostrophe and s.

• Children’s toys, women’s rights.

• (note that the apostrophe placement is different )

Classwork

• Please start the grammar exercises for 9.1/9.2. What you don’t finish is Homework.

Telling the difference between plurals, possessives and contractions

• plural nouns don’t have apostrophes.

• EX: The students talked in class.

• Plural possessive nouns end in an apostrophe.

• The Students’ hands shot up when Mr. d asked: “does anyone have any questions?”

• Singular possessive nouns end with an apostrophe and an s

• EX: The student’s ipad made Mr. D sad he wasn’t playing angry birds.

• ( Does anyone see both capitalization errors?)

Okay Mr. D , then what the heck is a contraction?

• A contraction is a word made by combining two words into one by leaving out one or more of the letters. (usually a form of the verb: To be, or one verb and the verb “not” )

• EX: I am going to the store

• Contraction: I’m going to the store.

• EX2: He will not turn in his homework.

• Contraction: He won’t turn in his homework.

Contractions continued.

• The pattern of contraction for verbs and the negative adverb not is very regular in most instances. You first right the contraction, then the n of not, then an apostrophe, followed by the tof not. This is true for all of the following examples: isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t, hasn’t, haven’t, hadn’t, can’t, couldn’t, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, mayn’t, mightn’t, shouldn’t, wouldn’t, mustn’t, oughtn’t, daren’t, and needn’t.

Collective nouns

• Collective nouns are plural nouns that don’t end in S

• Committee, audience, swarm, club, family, team.

Collective nouns• Tricky rule: If you are speaking about

everyone in the group the verb is singular.

• EX: the entire audience applauds the performers (the audience is one unit, singular. “entire” lets us know that everyone is doing it)

• If you are referring to individual members of that group you use the plural from of that verb:

• The audience take their seats. (because they have individual seats, you use the plural form of the verb, “take”)

Wait, Mr. D I’m still confused.

• So if the collective noun is doing something together, use the singular form of the verb:

• EX: The family begins its trip. (Everyone in the family is doing this together)

• But if members of the collective noun are doing different things (even if they are still together as a unit) use the plural form of the verb

• EX: The family eat their sandwiches ((plural)

• Mr. D there is a HAPPY SPIDER ON YOUR BACK!!!!!

Appositives

• Appositives are nouns that tell what proper nouns do/are.

• They are always next to the proper noun. (either in front or behind)

• A comma is always before or after them them. (sometimes both)

• The comma usage will always follow the next four patterns

• 1. as an appositive: Mr. D , a teacher, loved teaching grammar.

• 2. As an appositive phrase: Mr. D , As a English teacher, loved teaching grammar.

• 3. With the appositive phrase first: As an English Teacher, Mr. D always loved grammar.

• 4. With the appositive phrase last. Mr D always loved grammar, as an english teacher.

• Please take care to NOTICE THE COMMA USAGE

MR D! THERE IS A COMMA ON YOUR BACK!!!!