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BacterialDiseasesESCHERICHIACOLIINFECTIONSSALMONELLOSESPARATYPHOIDINFECTIONSFOWLCHOLERARIEMERELLAANATIPESTIFERINFECTIONSMYCOPLASMANECROTICENTERITISCHOLANGIOHEPATITISINBROILERCHICKENSGANGRENOUSDERMATITISBOTULISMAVIANTUBERCULOSIS

ViralDiseasesVIRALINCLUSIONBODYHEPATITISHAEMORRHAGICENTERITISOFTURKEYSEGGDROPSYNDROME1976ADENOVIRUSGROUPIASSOCIATEDINFECTIONSINFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)INFECTIOUSBRONCHITIS(IB)LARYNGOTRACHEITISSWOLLENHEADSYNDROMEINFECTIOUSENCEPHALOMYELITISNEWCASTLEDISEASEFOWLPOXREOVIRUSINFECTIONS

NeoplasticDiseasesinPoultryVIRUSINDUCEDNEOPLASTICDISEASESMAREK'SDISEASELYMPHOIDLEUKOSISMYELOCYTOMATOSISERYTHROBLASTOSISADENOCARCINOMATOSIS

ParasiticDiseasesCOCCIDIOSISHISTOMONOSISASCARIDIOSISRAILLIETINOSISKNEMIDOKOPTOSIS

MycosesandMycotoxicosesASPERGILLOSISASPERGILLUSGRANULOMATOUSDERMATITISAFLATOXICOSISCANDIDIASISFUSARIOTOXICOSES

DeficiencyDiseasesVITAMINB2DEFICIENCYVITAMINBiDEFICIENCYVITAMINEDEFICIENCYFATTYLIVERHAEMORRHAGICSYNDROMESLIPPEDTENDON(PEROSIS)

OtherPULMONARYHYPERTENSION(ASCITIS)SYNDROMEINBROILERCHICKENSAMYLOIDOSISDEEPPECTORALMYOPATHYRUPTUREOFTHEGASTROCNEMIUSTENDONINBROILERBREEDERSCAGELAYERFATIGUEDYSCHONDROPLASIATHYPERKERATOSIS

SALMONELLOSES

36. 37. Pullorum disease is an acute systemic disease in chickens and turkeypoults.The infection is transmittedwitheggsand iscommonlycharacterizedbyawhitediarrhoeaandhighdeath rate,whereasadultbirdsareasymptomaticearners.Themorbidityandthemortalityratesincreaseaboutthe7th10thdayafterhatching.Theaffectedchickensappearsomnolent,depressedandtheirgrowthisretarded.Thefeathersaroundtheventinmanychickensisstainedwithdiarrhoeicfaecesorpastedwithdryfaeces.

38.Theoedemaof tibiotarsal joints isa frequentassociatedsign.Pullorumdiseaseis widely distributed among all age groups of chickens and turkeys. The highestlossesareinbirdsundertheageof4weeks.

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DiseasesofPoultryByIvanDinev,DVM,PhD

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GOUTHYPERANDROGENISMINBROILERCHICKENSEFFECTOFSTICKYWILLY(GALIUMAPARINE)SEEDSONHEALTHYSTATUSANDPRODUCTIONTRAITSINBROILERCHICKENSGIZZARDIMPACTIONINTURKEYPOULTSROUNDHEARTINTURKEYS(DILATEDCARDIOMYOPATHY)ACUTESELENIUMINTOXICATIONACUTEPROPANEBUTANEINTOXICATIONSPONTANEOUSRUPTUREOFTHECAUDIALRENALARTERYINTURKEYSSUBCUTANEOUSEMPHYSEMAGASTROINTESTINALIMPACTIONMALFORMATIONS

39. 40. The aetiological agent is S. pullorum, a nonmotile Gramnegativemicroorganism.S.pullorumisveryresistantundermoderateclimaticconditionsandcould survive for months. It could be killed by fumigation with formaldehyde ofbreeder eggs in the hatchery. Typical for this formare the greyishwhitish nodes inone or some of the following places: heart (39), lungs, liver, gizzardwalls (40) andintestines,theperitoneum.

Sometimes,greyishwhitishmilliarynecrosesarefoundoutintheliver.S.pullorumistransmittedby infectedeggsof layerhens thatare carriers.Manyhatched infectedchickens spread the microorganism by a horizontal route to other birds via thegastrointestinal and the urinary tracts. Adult carrier birds also spread the agentthroughtheirexcreta.

42.Uretersareoftenfilledwithurates.Forconfirmationofthediagnosis,5.pullorumshould be isolated and typed. Pullorum disease must be differentiated from othersalmonelloses, E. coli infections, Aspergillus that produces similar pulmonarylesions. Staphylococcus aureus, causing arthrites etc. Sometimes, the pulmonarynodesresemblethetumoursinMarek'sdisease.

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43.Acute fowl typhoid. The outbreaks usually begin with a sharp decline in forageconsumption and egg production. The fertilization and hatchability rates areconsiderablyreduced.Diarrhoeaappears.Thedeathrateinacutefowltyphoidishighand varies between 10%and 90%.About 1/3 of chickens hatched from eggs fromtyphoidinfectedflocksdie.Acharacteristiclesionforacutefowltyphoidinadultbirdsistheenlargedandbronzegreenishtintofliver.

. 44. . Acute fowl typhoid. In some instances, the enlarged liver is mottled withmultiplemilliarynecroses.Theoutbreaksareobservedprimarilyinhensandturkeys,butthediseaseissometimesencounteredinotherdomesticorwildfowl.

45.Acutefowltyphoid.Inothercases,thesizeoflivernecrosesvariesfrommilliarytospotswithadiameterof12cm.Unlikepullorumdisease,fowltyphoidislastingformonths.

46.Acute fowl typhoid. The spleen is 23 times bigger, sometimes with greyishwhitishnodulesprominatingonthesurface,representinghyperplasicfollicles.

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47. Acute fowl typhoid. Often, enteritis, especially of the anterior part of smallintestine, sometimes with ulcerations, is present. The aetiological agent isSalmonella gallinarum. This organism usually shares common antigens with 5.pullorumandthetwomicroorganismsoftengiveacrossagglutinationreaction.

48.Acute fowl typhoid.More rarely,myocardial necroses due to Salmonella toxinsare detected. The transmission of the infection by contaminated eggs is especiallyimportant.Moreover,thetransmissionof5.gallinarumoccursmainlyamonggrowingorproductiveflocksandthedeathrateamongadultbirdsishigher.

49. Acute fowl typhoid. The lungs acquire a characteristic brown colour. Here,necrosesand,followingtheirorganization,sarcomalikenodules"

50.Chronic fowl typhoid. The lesions are primarily in the gonads. The ovaries areaffectedbyinflammatoryanddegenerativechanges.

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51Chronic fowl typhoid. Frequently, affected follicles are deformedand appear likethick pendulating masses. Fowl typhoid should be differentiated from othersalmonelloses, E. coli infections, Pasteurella spp. infections etc. If breeder flocksareprovedtobecarriersoftheinfection,theireggsshouldnotbeusedforbreeding.

52.Chronicfowltyphoid.Sometimes,thegoingoutofyolkfromdegeneratedfolliclesresults in fibrinousadhesiveperitonitis.Taking intoconsiderationthatchemotherapydoesnoteliminatethecarriership, thetreatmentofpoultry infectedwithfowl typhoidorpullorumdiseaseisnotjustifiedandisneverrecommended.

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