MED122

A Short History of the Internet

Video playlist

robert.jewitt@sunderland.ac.uk 1

Recommended reading

2

Recommended reading

3

1945 - Arthur C. Clarke

1945 - Arthur C. Clarke

1957 - Sputnik

1958 – ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)

1962 - J.C.R. “Lick” Licklider of MIT“Intergalactic Computer Network”

‘Man Computer Symbiosis’JCR Licklider, 1960

“A Network of such [computers], connected to one another by wide-band communication lines” which provided the “functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and [other] symbolic functions”.

8

RAND Corporation

RAND Corporation

1965 - Larry Roberts at MIT

Leonard KleinrockDonald DaviesPaul Baran

Packet Switching

Kleinrock explains packet switching

1967 - ARPANET

BBN (Bolt, Beranek and Newman)Bolt, Beranek and Newman – BBN

14

IMPs (Interface Message Processors)

19

69

16

October 29th,1969October 29th, 1969Charley Kline - “LO”

17

19

71

18

1971 - Ray Tomlinson

1971 - Ray Tomlinson

19

Vinton G. Serf

19

73

21

1974 - Vinton Cerf 1974 – Vint CerfTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)Internet Protocol (IP)

22

19

75

23

“This ARPA program has created no less than a revolution in computer technology and it has beenone of the most successful projects ever undertaken by ARPA. The full impact of the technical changes set in motion by this project may not be understood for many years”.

ARPANET Completion ReportJanuary 3rd, 1978

24

1977Dennis C Hayes & Dale Hetherington

25

1978 - First BBS

26

Ward Christensen & Randy SuessComputerized Bulletin Board System (CBBS)

19

78

28

1978 - Gary ThuerkFirst spam email

29

1978 - Gary Thuerk

30

1979 - USENET

31

1979 - MUD (Multi-User Dungeon)

32

MMORPG

33

- )1979 - the emoticonKevin Mackenzie

34

:-)1981Scott Fahlman

35

<19-Sep-82 11:44 Scott E Fahlman :)From: Scott E Fahlman <Fahlman at Cmu-20c>

I propose that the following character sequence for joke markers:

:-)

Read it sideways. Actually, it is probably more economical to mark things that are NOT jokes - given current trends. For this, use

:-(

36

1982 - Minitel

37

DNS (Domain Name System)

.gov, .mil, .ac.uk

1982-1984

38

1985 - The Well

39

1985

2,000 hosts on the net

40

1986

30,000 hosts on the net

41

1986 - NSFNET

42

Al Gore

43

1988

1988 – IRC (Internet Relay Chat)

44

1988 - the Morris Internet Worm45

The Morris Worm

46

1989

47

Tim Berners-Lee

Tim B

ern

ers-Le

e

49

1990 - The World Wide Web

50

In 20 years the net hasgrown from 4 to 300,000

hosts

1990

51

1 million hosts

1991

52

1992 - Mosiac Browser

NCSA (National Centre for Supercomputing Applications)

53

Browser Wars!54

1993 – Cyberculture!

55

1995 - Amazon

56

1995

57

1995 - Ward Cummingham

First ‘wiki’

58

1997 - Jom Barger

59

1988 - Google

1999-200161

March 2000

2000 – Dotcom bubble bursts

62

2001 - Wikipedia

63

2003 - MySpace

2004 – Facebook

65

2005 - YouTube

66

2006 - Twitter

67

2007 – Smartphone ‘revolution’