The History of the Internet. Three Major Players in Internet History.
Internet Chapter What is the Internet What is the Internet History of the Internet History of the...
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Internet ChapterInternet Chapter
What is the InternetWhat is the Internet History of the InternetHistory of the Internet How data travels on the InternetHow data travels on the Internet Anatomy of a URLAnatomy of a URL Purpose of a Web BrowserPurpose of a Web Browser DNS (Domain Naming System)DNS (Domain Naming System) New Applications of the InternetNew Applications of the Internet
NetworkNetworkNetworkNetwork• A collection of A collection of
computers and computers and devices connected devices connected together via together via communications communications media such as media such as cables, telephone cables, telephone lines, and modems. lines, and modems.
• LAN /MAN/WANLAN /MAN/WAN
• The Internet is the The Internet is the world’s largest world’s largest collection of collection of computer networks.computer networks.
Local Area Network
Just remember…Just remember… It took 38 years for radio to reach 50 It took 38 years for radio to reach 50
million usersmillion users 13 years for television to reach 50 13 years for television to reach 50
million usersmillion users Less than 4 years for the Web to do Less than 4 years for the Web to do
the same!the same! By 2010, about 80% of the planet will By 2010, about 80% of the planet will
be on the Internet be on the Internet
History of the InternetHistory of the Internet
Goal:To function if
part of network were disabled
Became functional
September 1969
ARPANET
Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA)/ 4
sites involved
Goal:To allow scientists
at different locations to share
information
History of the InternetHistory of the Internet
TodayMore than 350 million host nodes
1984More than 1,000 host nodes
1969Four host nodes
History of the InternetHistory of the Internet
Who controls the Internet?Who controls the Internet?
Now: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines
Tim Berners-Lee, director
Future: Internet2 (I2) Internet-related research
and development project
Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies
High-speed connection
High-speed connection
Slow-speed technology
Slow-speed technology
How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works
Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a
standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a
standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,fixed wireless, and satellite modems
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,fixed wireless, and satellite modems
Connection is always on—whenever the computer
is running
Connection is always on—whenever the computer
is running
Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive
Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive
How you Access the InternetHow you Access the Internet
Service Providers (SP) enable Internet?Service Providers (SP) enable Internet?
1. ISP, Regional or National SP
2. OSP (AOL and MSN, for example)
3. Wireless Internet Service Provider
How Does the Internet How Does the Internet Work?Work? ProtocolsProtocols
Rules/standardsRules/standards Establish connections between two or Establish connections between two or
more computersmore computers Internet backboneInternet backbone
The main Internet pathways and The main Internet pathways and connections connections
Internet service providers (ISP)Internet service providers (ISP) Provide users with access to the Internet Provide users with access to the Internet
Internet ProtocolsInternet Protocols Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP)Internet Protocol (IP)
InternetInternet A packet switching networkA packet switching network
IP addressIP address Four numbers (0 to 255) separated by periods, such Four numbers (0 to 255) separated by periods, such
as 64.233.161.104as 64.233.161.104 Domain namesDomain names
Associated English names assigned to IP addressesAssociated English names assigned to IP addresses
Domain nameDomain name
What is a What is a domain namedomain name??
Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address
Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet
Domain Name SystemDomain Name System
Converts domain names into IP addressesConverts domain names into IP addresses Without the DNS, the Internet would crashWithout the DNS, the Internet would crash One of the largest, distributed databases One of the largest, distributed databases
on the planeton the planet Every domain name has a domain name Every domain name has a domain name
server somewhere that handles its server somewhere that handles its requestsrequests
Packet SwitchingPacket Switching Data is sent out in sequenceData is sent out in sequence Small chunks (packets) of dataSmall chunks (packets) of data Packets are passed from node to node Packets are passed from node to node
"Packet switching is the breaking down of data into datagrams or packets that are labeled to indicate the origin and the destination of the information and the forwarding of these packets from one computer to another computer until the information arrives at its final destination computer. This was crucial to the realization of a computer network. If packets are lost at any given point, the message can be resent by the originator."
The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Each electronic document is called a Web page
Also called the Web
Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
The World Wide WebThe World Wide WebHow do handheld How do handheld computers and cellular computers and cellular telephones access the telephones access the Web?Web?
Use a microbrowser that displays Web pages that contain mostly text
Must be Internet-enabled
The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
What is What is downloadingdownloading?? The process of a computer receiving information Depending upon connection speed, downloading can
take from a few seconds to several minutes
The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
What is a What is a subject directorysubject directory?? Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics
Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords
The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
What is a What is a search enginesearch engine??
Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text
Also called a keyword
The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
What are the eleven basic types of Web sites?What are the eleven basic types of Web sites?
Portal News Informational Business/Marketing Educational Entertainment Advocacy Blog Wiki Content Aggregator Personal
The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
What is a What is a portalportal??
A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free
Searching, sports, e-mail,
news, weather, auctions, Web communities (Web sites that join people with similar interests)
The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
What is a content aggregator?What is a content aggregator?
Business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee
The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
What is What is streamingstreaming audio audio??
The process oftransferring audio
in a continuousand even flow
Enables you tolisten to musicas it downloads
to your computer
The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web What are What are plug-plug-
insins?? Programs that extend the capability of a browser
You can download many plug-ins at nocost from variousWeb sites
Web PublishingWeb Publishing
What is What is Web publishingWeb publishing??Development and maintenance of Web pages
Step 4.Deploy the Web site
Step 1.Plan the Web site
Step 3.Create the Web site
Step 2.Analyze and design the Web site
Step 5.Maintain the Web site
Business to business (B2B)Business providing goods and
services to other businesses
Consumer to consumer (C2C)One consumer sells directly to another
E-CommerceE-Commerce
What is What is E-commerceE-commerce??
Business to consumer (B2C)Sale of goods to general public
Short for electronic commerce Business transaction that occurs over
the Internet
Other Internet ServicesOther Internet ServicesWhat is What is FTPFTP?? File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows
you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet
Other Internet ServicesOther Internet ServicesWhat is What is instant messaging (IM)instant messaging (IM)??
A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or filesStep 1.
Login to the IM server
Step 2.The server determines if any of your established friends, family, or coworkers, called buddies, are online
Step 3.You send instant messages to an online buddy
Step 4.Your Instant Message travels through a messaging server and then to the online buddy
Step 5.Your buddy replies
Never send out E-Mail that you would not want to become public
Never send abusive, threatening, harassing or bigoted messages
Do not type in UPPERCASE.
This is called shouting and perceived to be offensive.
Use a normal mix of upper and lowercase letters
Think twice before sending E-Mail. You cannot get it back.
Personal notes should not sent via e-mail
Additional LES RulesAdditional LES Rules