Lecture 3

LaTeX and LyX

LaTeX

TeX Computer program by Donald Knuth for typesetting text

and formulas (1977)

LaTeX Predefined professional layout You need to write code to create documents ( for ex.

scientific papers) Code is compiled to PDF or PS or other files

LyX Graphical interface that allows using mouse instead of

writing codes (compare: Word) Produces LaTeX code that you can see and compile

Introduction to academic studies

LaTeX vs MS Word

LaTeX is more often used for writing scientific reports and papers Once publisher provides it’s style file, it can be embedded

into your TeX file easily (in Word, you need to adjust the style manually may take hours or days)

Formulas can be enumerated and updated automatically (one new formula is inserted – not a big deal, compare with Word)

There is a citation and referencing function (in Word, manually)

Word provides a better grammar control tool than LaTeX

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Installing LaTeX and LyX

Windows OSInstall MikTeX http://www.miktex.org/Install an editor, TeXnicCenter (if you do not plan to use LyX): http://www.texniccenter.org/Install LyX if you like graphical interface: http://www.lyx.org/

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Document structure

Try to do yourself!

Introduction to academic studies

\documentclass{…}

\usepackage{…}

\begin{document}

…Write your text here…

\end{document}

Text, characters and comments

New line is ignored Make a blank line to begin a new line

Several ”space”s treated as a single one # $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \ can not be used in text directly

use \# \$ \% … LaTeX commands are case sensitive LaTeX commands start with backslash

\command[optional param]{parameter} Comments start with %

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Document classes

\documentclass[options]{class} class

article proc (Proceedings) report (small book, thesis) book slides

options 10pt, 11pt, 12pt (size of main font) a4paper, a5paper,… onecolumn, twocolumn twoside, oneside landscape …

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Language support

Swedish

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\usepackage[swedish]{babel}

\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}

Titles, chapters and sections

Define the frontpage:

1. \title{…}

2. \author{…}

3. \date{…}

4. \maketitle

5. \section

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\documentclass[12pt]{paper}

%Some more commands here, skipped

\begin{document}

\title{Bootstrap confidence intervals for large-scale multivariate monotonic regression problems}

\author{Oleg Sysoev, Anders Grimvall, Oleg Burdakov }

\maketitle

\begin{abstract}

Monotonic regression (MR) computes a response that is increasing or decreasing with respect to each of explanatory variables...

\end{abstract}

\textbf{Keywords: }Confidence intervals, monotonic regression, bootstrap,

percentile...

\section{Introduction}\label{intro}

...

\end{document}

Alignment

\begin{x} … \end{x} x = flushleft flushright or center

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\section{Introduction}\label{intro}

\begin{center}Monotonic regression is a nonparametric method...\end{center}

Quotation

Use quote environment

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As it is specified in \cite{strand}:\begin{quote}Unfortunately, there are no efficient MR algorithms when ...\end{quote}

Referencing

Use \label{} and \ref{} Proper in many situations: formulas, tables, graphs,

chapters…

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\section{Introduction}\label{intro}As it is specified in section \ref{intro}...

Font sizes and styles

Bold \textbf{…} Italic \textit{…}

Small font {\small ….}

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{\scriptsize\begin{tabular}{l | c l l l l l l c l l l l l l}…\end{tabular}}

Formulas

Formula in the text $...$ Formula at the new line: \begin{equation}…\

end{equation} Formula at the new line without number: \[ … \]

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\begin{equation}Y_i=\phi(X_i, \theta)+ \epsilon_i \label{addit}\end{equation}

Formulas: building blocks

Subscript: $X_i$ $A_{low}$ Superscript: $x^2$ $Y^{t^2}$ Greek letters: \lambda \Phi \phi… Comparison: > < = \geq \leq Square root: \sqrt{x^3} Ratio $\frac{x}{y^2+1}$ Product $A \cdot B$ $\hat{Y}$, $\vec{X}$ Brackets $\left( X^2+1 \right )$ Series of sums, product: \sum and \prod

$Y_i= \sum_{j=1}^{n_i} Y_{ij}/n_i$ Integral \int

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Arrays, matrices

Use array environment: Use ”c” ,”l” or ”r” for alignment Separate elements with ”&” End line with ”\\”

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\[

\mathbf{X} = \left(

\begin{array}{ccc}

x_1 & x_2 & \ldots \\

x_3 & x_4 & \ldots \\

\vdots & \vdots & \ddots

\end{array} \right)

\]

Arrays, matrices

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\begin{equation}

Y=\left\{

\begin{array}{rl}

e^x,& if \: x>0,\\

\sqrt{x^2+1},& otherwise

\end{array} \right.

\end{equation}

Creating tabbing

Define position by \= Move to the position by \>

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\begin{tabbing}1. \ \=Compute the fitted response values $\hat{Y}_1, \ldots, \hat{Y}_n$ \\\> and block partition $B_1, \ldots, B_K$ by applying SBR\\ 2. \>For \= each $j=1, \ldots, B$ and $i=1, \ldots, n$\\\>\>Find $k$ such that $i \in B_k$. \\\>\>Compute $l$ by sampling from $B_k$\\\>\>Set $Y^*_{ij}=Y_{l}$\\\end{tabbing}

Creating tables

Use \begin{tabular}[pos]{table_spec} …\end{tabular} Use ”c” ,”l” or”r” for alignment. For a fixed width, use

p{width}. For drawing of vertical lines, use ”|” Separate elements with ”&” End line with ”\\” Draw lines with \hline

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Creating tables

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\begin{tabular}{|l|ccc|}\hline$\frac{Bootstrap\ method}{CI\ approach}$ & $Parametric$ &$\stackrel{Non-parametric,}{mid-point}$ & $\stackrel{Non-parametric,}{worst-case}$\\\hlinePercentile& Method 1 & Method 3 & Method 5 \\BCa& Method 2 & Method 4 & Method 6\\\hline\end{tabular}

Creating tables

To merge several cells, use \multicolumn or \multirow:

Introduction to academic studies

{\scriptsize\begin{tabular}{l | c l l l l l l c l l l l l l}& \hspace{2mm} & \multicolumn{6}{l}{$n=10,000$} & \hspace{3mm} & \multicolumn{6}{l}{$n=50,000$}\\\hline$Slope$ & &$dev$ & $t_{seg}$ & $t^{tot}_{gpav}$ & $t_{gpav}$ & $m_{seg}$ & $m_{gpav}$ & &$dev$ & $t_{seg}$ & $t^{tot}_{gpav}$ & $t_{gpav}$ & $m_{seg}$ & $m_{gpav}$ \\\hline0.2 & & 0.63 & 10.9& 35.3 & 6.6 & 28.4 & 253.6 & & 0.72 & 128.3 & 1152.3 & 142.6 & 32.6 & 1876.3\\2 & & 1.38 & 25.1& 30.8 & 1.4 & 37.2 & 253.4 & & 6.80 & 397.9 & 1046.2 & 26.1 & 181.0 & 1878.2\\\hline\end{tabular}}

Creating tables

\usepackage{multirow} \multirow{''num_rows''}{''width''}{''contents''}.

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\begin{tabular}{ |l|l|l| }\hline\multicolumn{3}{ |c| }{Registered breakpoints} \\\hline 1981 & January & 13.7 \\ \hline\multirow{2}{*}{1982} & February & 12.6 \\ & March & 13.9 \\\hline\end{tabular}

Floating tables

Sometimes tables and graphs are large to be placed directly after a specific text automatic placementPlacement:

h= here t=top b=bottom p=at the special page

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\begin{table}[placement or nothing]\begin{tabular}{...}...\end{tabular}\caption{}\label{}\end{table}

Floating tables

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\begin{table}[b]

\begin{tabular}{ |l|l|l| }…\end{tabular}\caption{Registered breakpoints in the time series of oil consumption, mtones.}\label{oil}\end{table}

Including graphics

For publication, eps-format is normal. \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} \includegraphics[width=,height=,scale=, angle=]{filename}

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\includegraphics[width=10cm]{f10k.eps}

Floating graphics

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\begin{figure}\includegraphics[...]{filename}\caption{…}\label{…}\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\centering\begin{tabular}{cc}\includegraphics[height=4.3cm]{time10K} & \includegraphics[height=4.3cm]{f10K} \\\end{tabular}\caption{Processing time $Time$(to the left) and objective function $SSR$(to the right)}\label{fig2}\end{figure}

Bibliography

To write bibliography, use

Cite: \cite{marker}

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\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{marker} TEXT…

\bibitem{marker} TEXT…

…

\end{thebibliography}

Bibliography

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\newpage...we presented an algorithm called GPAV (Generalized PAV)which is a generalization of the PAV algorithm \cite{ayer}.

\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{ayer}Ayer, M., Brunk, H.D., Ewing, G.M., Reid, W.T., Silverman, E.: An empirical distribution function for sampling with incomplete information. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 26, 641--647 (1955)

\bibitem{barlow}Barlow, R.E., Bartholomew, D.J., Bremner, J.M., Brunk, H.D.: Statistical inference under order restrictions. Wiley, New York (1972)

\end{thebibliography}

LyX

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Home reading

http://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/english/lshort.pdf

http://www.latex-project.org/

http://www.lyx.org/

Introduction to academic studies