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Introduction Lesson & Conflict and Consensus RGA.notebook
1
September 12, 2018
Starter Slide
Classroom Expectations:
Arrive on time
Coat off
Bags off desks
Equipment & Planner on desks
TITLE: DATE:08/09/2018Consensus and Conflict: Society as a functional
unit
Task: Match the sentence to the sociological theory...
Society is like a
human body ‐
every
part of it help
s to keep societ
y going.
The ruling class benefit in every way from the operation of society ‐ workers get less than they deserve.
Britain is a patriarchal society. Men generally have more power and prestige.
People ar
e not pup
pets; they
have
an active
role in cre
ating socie
ty
Society has changed so much, the old ways of
explaining just don't work anymore.
Social act
ion theor
y
Marxism
feminism
functionalism
postmodernism
LOs
The Big Question:Consensus versus Conflict: Which view gives us a better understanding of Society?
Objective Key Words
Know
Understand
TITLE: DATE: 08/09/2018
What does Parsons mean by a 'social system'?
How does Durkheim describe society?
Apply How can we critique functionalism using Merton?
Consensus and Conflict: Society as a functional
unit
May 1618:44
FunctionalismOur starting point is of course Emile Durkheim (1858‐1917); What does Durkheim have to say about society?
Using Box 3.10 on page 204, fill out Durkheim's speech bubbles. Work in pairs.
Sep 616:38
• One of the founding fathers of sociology• A big influence on Parsons and Merton
Functionalism ‐ Durkheim
Sociology should be the study of social facts.
Society (and social facts) exists before us and after we are gone.
Social facts constrain and govern our behaviour.
Society cannot therefore be reduced to the motives of individuals.
Social facts (money, law, language) are objective; they can be measured and are external to individuals.
Sep 616:39
Functionalism ‐ Durkheim
In his theory of suicide Durkheim suggests that external constraints include:• social integration (connections to groups)• moral regulation (norms and values)
Too much, OR too little of either or both could lead to suicide because people's behaviour is governed by these constraints and can spin out of control.
Sep 616:40
Functionalism ‐ DurkheimThe idea of social facts gave sociologists something tangible and measurable (objective) to study, and allowed sociology to operate as a distinct subject.
Objective:
Based on fact, not emotions or opinion. Free from bias or subjectivity.
Introduction Lesson & Conflict and Consensus RGA.notebook
2
September 12, 2018
Sep 616:41
Functionalism ‐ DurkheimWithout collective conscience/value consensus, society can't function. Value consensus forms the basic integrating principle in society. If members of society have shared values they therefore also have similar identities, this helps cooperation and avoids conflict. Value consensus also ensures that people have shared goals, roles and norms.
The socialisation process and all agencies of socialisation (e.g. school) can be interpreted as existing to encourage value consensus.
Sep 616:41
Durkheim's Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
How might th
ese
link to crime?
How might these
link to beliefs?
Mechanical solidarity is the social integration of members of a society who have common values and beliefs. These common values and beliefs constitute a “collective conscience” that makes members cooperate.
Organic solidarity is where individuals function much like the interdependent but different organs of a living body. Society relies less on imposing uniform rules (mech. sol.) and more on contracts, laws and regulation of relationships.
How might th
ese
link to family
?
How might these
link to education>
Sep 616:46
• A significant contributor to functionalism
Functionalism ‐ Parsons
"For me, society is made up of linked elements that meet our basic needs"
• Society is a functional unit• People have the capacity to make their own decisions• Core values and norms create social integration
TASK: In pairs, make note of the following...1) How might we divide up society? What different systems are at play in our society?2) What basic needs does society need to fulfill in order for it to function effectively?
Sep 616:48
Functionalism ‐ Parsons
Personality System
Social System
Cultural System
beliefs, goals, internalised values
core values and shared history of society
institutionalised expectations expressed in roles
Socia
lisatio
n
Influences...
Socialisation
The central system is the SOCIAL SYSTEM which influences the others.
Society is made up of three systems...
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Functionalism ‐ ParsonsFor the social system (everything from education, to law, to media, to economy) to function it must fulfil specific needs called functional prerequisites.
CONSIDER: Why might the institutions of society need these basic needs to be fulfilled?
Functional PrerequisitesLiterally ‐ That which is required before function can be maintained.
FOUR BASIC NEEDS IDENTIFIED:• Adaptation (Material needs met by economic sub‐system)• Goal Attainment (Goals achieved through the political sub‐system e.g. parliament)• Integration (Religion, Education and the media help to integrate the different parts)• Latency (Society is maintained through, for example, tension management as the family is a place to ‘let off steam’ after work.
Blank
Functionalism ‐ ParsonsSociety does not exist in reality; it's a colletion of people. When Parsons says society must resolve problems to ensure functional prerequisites are met, what he means is people must act appropriately to ensure these problems are solved.
This is where CULTURE comes in; societies need to set up values and norms which ensure all needs are met.
CONSIDER: What kind of values and norms would a successful culture need?Are there any dangerous norms and values that might lead to societal breakdown?
Introduction Lesson & Conflict and Consensus RGA.notebook
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September 12, 2018
Blank
Functionalism ‐ ParsonsParsons calls these cultural choices pattern variables: it is the pattern variables that lead to differences between different cultures. These variables determine how people behave and as such their social roles.
Attachments
Assessment folder cover sheet.docx
ASP1 10 mark Education Essay Cover sheet.docx
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Date
Question
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SMART Notebook
STUDENT NAME:
Essay Title:
Outline and explain two
MARK SCHEME
Marks
Level Descriptor
What went well:
8-10
Good knowledge and understanding of the topic/debate.
Two developed applications of the relevant material.
Both reasons will be appropriately analysed/evaluated.
4-7
Reasonable knowledge and understanding of one or two issues/arguments.
Some successful application of relevant material.
Some analysis/evaluation offered.
Even better if:
1-3
Limited knowledge of one or two issues/arguments.
Limited application of material and lack of focus on the question (e.g. answers may drift off topic)
Limited or no analysis and thereby very little explanation.
/10
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