Introduction Lesson & Conflict and Consensus RGA.notebook

1

September 12, 2018

Starter Slide

Classroom Expectations:

Arrive on time

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TITLE: DATE:08/09/2018Consensus and Conflict: Society as a functional

unit

Task: Match the sentence to the sociological theory...

Society is like a

human body ‐

every

part of it help

s to keep societ

y going.

The ruling class benefit in every way from the operation of society ‐ workers get less than they deserve.

Britain is a patriarchal society. Men generally have more power and prestige.

People ar

e not pup

pets; they

have

an active

role in cre

ating socie

ty

Society has changed so much, the old ways of

explaining just don't work anymore.

Social act

ion theor

y

Marxism

feminism

functionalism

postmodernism

LOs

The Big Question:Consensus versus Conflict: Which view gives us a better understanding of Society?

Objective Key Words

Know

Understand

TITLE: DATE: 08/09/2018

What does Parsons mean by a 'social system'?

How does Durkheim describe society?

Apply How can we critique functionalism using Merton?

Consensus and Conflict: Society as a functional

unit

May 1618:44

FunctionalismOur starting point is of course Emile Durkheim (1858‐1917); What does Durkheim have to say about society?

Using Box 3.10 on page 204, fill out Durkheim's speech bubbles. Work in pairs.

Sep 616:38

• One of the founding fathers of sociology• A big influence on Parsons and Merton

Functionalism ‐ Durkheim

Sociology should be the study of social facts.

Society (and social facts) exists before us and after we are gone.

Social facts constrain and govern our behaviour.

Society cannot therefore be reduced to the motives of individuals.

Social facts (money, law, language) are objective; they can be measured and are external to individuals.

Sep 616:39

Functionalism ‐ Durkheim

In his theory of suicide Durkheim suggests that external constraints include:• social integration (connections to groups)• moral regulation (norms and values)

Too much, OR too little of either or both could lead to suicide because people's behaviour is governed by these constraints and can spin out of control.

Sep 616:40

Functionalism ‐ DurkheimThe idea of social facts gave sociologists something tangible and measurable (objective) to study, and allowed sociology to operate as a distinct subject.

Objective:

Based on fact, not emotions or opinion. Free from bias or subjectivity.

Introduction Lesson & Conflict and Consensus RGA.notebook

2

September 12, 2018

Sep 616:41

Functionalism ‐ DurkheimWithout collective conscience/value consensus, society can't function. Value consensus forms the basic integrating principle in society. If members of society have shared values they therefore also have similar identities, this helps cooperation and avoids conflict. Value consensus also ensures that people have shared goals, roles and norms.

The socialisation process and all agencies of socialisation (e.g. school) can be interpreted as existing to encourage value consensus.

Sep 616:41

Durkheim's Mechanical and Organic Solidarity

How might th

ese

link to crime?

How might these

link to beliefs?

Mechanical solidarity is the social integration of members of a society who have common values and beliefs. These common values and beliefs constitute a “collective conscience” that makes members cooperate.

Organic solidarity is where individuals function much like the interdependent but different organs of a living body. Society relies less on imposing uniform rules (mech. sol.) and more on contracts, laws and regulation of relationships.

How might th

ese

link to family

?

How might these

link to education>

Sep 616:46

• A significant contributor to functionalism

Functionalism ‐ Parsons

"For me, society is made up of linked elements that meet our basic needs"

• Society is a functional unit• People have the capacity to make their own decisions• Core values and norms create social integration

TASK: In pairs, make note of the following...1) How might we divide up society? What different systems are at play in our society?2) What basic needs does society need to fulfill in order for it to function effectively?

Sep 616:48

Functionalism ‐ Parsons

Personality System

Social System

Cultural System

beliefs, goals, internalised values

core values and shared history of society

institutionalised expectations expressed in roles

Socia

lisatio

n

Influences...

Socialisation

The central system is the SOCIAL SYSTEM which influences the others.

Society is made up of three systems...

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Functionalism ‐ ParsonsFor the social system (everything from education, to law, to media, to economy) to function it must fulfil specific needs called functional prerequisites.

CONSIDER: Why might the institutions of society need these basic needs to be fulfilled?

Functional PrerequisitesLiterally ‐ That which is required before function can be maintained.

FOUR BASIC NEEDS IDENTIFIED:• Adaptation (Material needs met by economic sub‐system)• Goal Attainment (Goals achieved through the political sub‐system e.g. parliament)• Integration (Religion, Education and the media help to integrate the different parts)• Latency (Society is maintained through, for example, tension management as the family is a place to ‘let off steam’ after work.

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Functionalism ‐ ParsonsSociety does not exist in reality; it's a colletion of people. When Parsons says society must resolve problems to ensure functional prerequisites are met, what he means is people must act appropriately to ensure these problems are solved.

This is where CULTURE comes in; societies need to set up values and norms which ensure all needs are met.

CONSIDER: What kind of values and norms would a successful culture need?Are there any dangerous norms and values that might lead to societal breakdown?

Introduction Lesson & Conflict and Consensus RGA.notebook

3

September 12, 2018

Blank

Functionalism ‐ ParsonsParsons calls these cultural choices pattern variables: it is the pattern variables that lead to differences between different cultures. These variables determine how people behave and as such their social roles.

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