CSCI1412Lecture 1

Hardware 1Introduction and Overview

Dr John Cowell

phones off (please)

OverviewPersonal introductionModule outline

topicsassessmentresources

the Blackboard siteIntroduction to hardware

types of computersdefinitions of hardware and softwarebasic computer components

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Introduction

Module TutorsLecturers

Dr. John Cowell – module leader room G6.62 email jcowell@dmu.ac.uk

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Module OutlineTeaching by lectures, tutorials and labs

one hour lecture per weekone hour laboratory sessionone hour tutorialplus lots of private studyYou will need the coursebook: Computer systems and networks :

Barry Blundell : Thompson PressTopics (lectures are clearly signposted by topic)

computer hardware and roboticsapplication software (spreadsheets, dreamweaver, CPU

simulator)overview of operating systems and logicbasic networking

See the Blackboard site© De Montfort University, 2007 CSCI1412-HW-1 5

Weekly Topics – Term 1Week no Lecture Title

1 HW1: Introduction and Overview

2 HW2: Basic Architecture

3 HW3: More Architecture

4 OS1: Introduction to Operating Systems

5 OS2: Operating Systems: Processes

6 HW4: Backing Storage

7 L1: Logic Gates & Truth tables

8 OS3: Operating Systems: File Management

9 HW5: Interfacing and I/O Peripherals

10 I1: Introduction to the Internet

11 I2: Internet Programming

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Weekly Topics – Term 2Week no Lecture Title

15 HW6: Displays and Printers

16 HW7: System Specification

17 R1: Introduction to Robots

18 HW8: Basic Communications

19 N1: Introduction to Networks

20 N2: Network Layer Models

21 N3: Network Hardware

22 N4: Network Topologies and Protocols

23 N5: Mobile Networks and Telecommunications

24 N6: Network Security

25 N7: Network Administration and Planning

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Course AssessmentAssessment by

3 Multiple Choice Phase tests 25% each1 lab tests 10% each1 assignment 40%

The best two of the 3 phase test is used to calculate your final mark.

Reassessment by2 hour test

See Blackboard for assessment details

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ResourcesWeb Sites (linked from BB module home page)

www.pctechguide.com webopedia.internet.com www.whatis.com

Books Computer Systems and Networks : Barry Blundell:

Published by Thomson. You will need this book – the bookshop has copies.

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Overview of Hardware and Software

Basic DefinitionsHardware

plastic, metal and glass componentsthings you can trip over!

Softwareset of instructions and dataprocessed by the hardwareused to control the hardware

FirmwareA program embedded in a hardware device

(somewhere between hardware and software).

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Centralised Computer TypesThere are different types of computers

mainframe / supercomputer very large & expensive dedicated staff, rooms used by large businesses, financial and government hundreds of users, via (dumb) terminals

mini similar to mainframes, much smaller in scope tens of users

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Distributed/Personal/Embedded Computer Typesmicro

PC systems, workstations single user

distributed systems networks of workstations client/server

personal digital assistants palmtops, address books, calculators

dedicated (embedded) e.g. washing machines, toasters, cars

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Software FamiliesThere are four families of software

applications produce documents, commonly business oriented e.g. MS Word, Excel, Lotus WordPro, etc.

operating systems control software for computer systems - provide the

interface between user and hardware e.g. Windows Vista/XP, DOS, UNIX, Linux, VME

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More Software FamiliesFour families of software continued ...

utility software maintenance & problem solving tools - housekeeping e.g. Symantic Norton Utilities

programming languages used to develop software, often with an Integrated

Development Environment (IDE) e.g. C, Pascal, C++, C#, Java, Visual Basic, COBOL,

FORTRAN, Modula, Forth, LISP, etc.

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Basic Architecture

Basic Computer ArchitectureComputer systems comprise

central processing unit - the CPU the ‘brain’ or ‘heart’ of a computer

peripheral devices the devices that supply information to the CPU, and give

the results to the outside world analogous to human senses, and memory aids such as

books, etc.

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System Diagram

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CPUInput

Devices

CommunicationDevicesBacking Storage

OutputDevices

represents flow of data/instructions

CPU ComponentsCPU Components

CU: Control Unit interprets stored instructions in sequence issues commands to all elements of the computer system

ALU: Arithmetic & Logic Unit performs arithmetic and logic instructions

Traditionally the CPU also includedRAM: Random Access Memory

holds data, instructions and results of processing temporary (volatile)

Often, CPU is used to mean just the CU and ALUthe ‘processor’ or ‘microprocessor’

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CPU Diagram

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notice that all information enters and leaves the CPU via the RAM

CPU

InputDevices

CommunicationDevicesBacking Storage

OutputDevices

controlunit

arithmetic & logic unit

RAM

(micro-)processor

Peripheral DevicesPeripheral devices are

input data and instructions

output information - the results of processing

backing storage supplements main storage (RAM) - permanent

communications links to other systems, e.g. networks

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Peripheral Diagram

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Input Deviceskeyboardmousescannermicrophonebarcode readerMICR readerOCR readerOMR readermagnetic stripgame console

Output Devicesmonitor (VDU)printerspeaker

Backing Storagedisk drives: floppy

hardDVDCD

tape drives: digital audio (DAT)

Communication Devicesmodemnetwork interface card (NIC)Infra-RedWireless

CPU

controlunit

arithmetic & logic unit

RAM

System Control Signals

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Input Deviceskeyboardmousescannermicrophonebarcode readerMICR readerOCR readerOMR readermagnetic stripgame console

Output Devicesmonitor (VDU)printerspeaker

Backing Storagedisk drives: floppy

hardDVDCD

tape drives: digital audio (DAT)

Communication Devicesmodemnetwork interface card (NIC)Infra-RedWireless

CPU

controlunit

arithmetic & logic unit

RAM

SummaryPersonal introductionModule outline

topicsassessmentresources

the module web site

Introduction to hardwaretypes of computersdefinitions of hardware and softwarebasic computer components

© De Montfort University, 2007 CSCI1412-HW-1 24