Codeine detoxification.By Nwanevu Sylvanus & Herman.

Introduction.

• Codeine - 3-methylmorphine is an opiate which is a natural isomer of methylated morphine.

• It was isolated in 1832 in France by Pierre Robiquet.

• It is the most widely used opiate in the world.

Structure.

Applications of codeine.

• It can be used as a pain killer in combination with paracetamol, aspirin to enhance the effect.

• Can also be used as a recreational drug.

• It is used to suppress premature labor contractions, also in myocardial infarctions.

• As sedative & anti hypertensive drug.

Adverse effects.

• Drowsiness, constipation, euphoria, urinary retention

• Rare effects include seizure & anaphylaxis.

Detoxification.• Codeine is converted to morphine by

enzyme cytochrome p450 - CYP2D6

• It undergoes N-demethylation to form Norcodeine by CYP3A4.

• UGT2B7 ( UDP- Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7) conjugates codeine, norcodeine, & morphine to corresponding 3- & 6-glucuronides.

Conclusion.

• Stay safe, don't abuse drugs!

• It is advised to only take drugs prescribed by a Doctor.

Thanks for your attention.