Carbon Chemistry

Carbon ChemistryCarbon:

a.) has 4 outer electrons so it can combine with up to four other elements.

b.) makes very strong bonds with other carbon atoms

c.) makes long chains of carbon.

C C C C C

C

Carbon Chemistry

d.) carbon can make ring structures or circular molecules

C C

C

C C

C

GLUCOSE: the –ose tells you it is a sugar

Carbon Chemistry

e.) makes branched chains

C C C C C

C

C

C

C

C CC

C

Carbon ChemistryBONDING IN CARBON ATOMS

a) Carbon forms single, double or triple bonds with other carbon atoms or other elements

CC

CC

CC

Carbon ChemistryForms of Pure Carbon

Diamonds: a crystal form of carbon

Carbon ChemistryForms of Pure Carbon

Graphite: layers of carbon bonded together

Carbon ChemistryForms of Pure Carbon

Other Structure: tubes, balls, cylinders etc.

Nanotube-used to make electrical circuits Fullerene-used to carry

drugs throughout the body

Carbon ChemistryCarbon Compounds

Any substance where the CARBON atom is the main atom is called an organic compound.

Many organic compounds have similar properties like LOW boiling points, LOW melting points, odor, no electrical conductivity, etc.

Most organic compounds are liquids or gasses at room temperature.

Carbon ChemistryThe most important of all organic molecules are called POLYMERS

Polymers are long chains of molecules made of smaller units called monomers.

Example: DNA, protein, starch and wood (cellulose)

Carbon ChemistryTypes of Carbon Compounds

HYDROCARBONS: compounds made of HYDROGEN AND CARBON

a.) very flammable

b.) formed from straight chains, branched chains and rings

c.) molecules are represented by a structural formulas

Carbon ChemistryISOMERS

Carbon compounds with the same chemical formula but with a different structural formulas

Carbon ChemistryISOMERS

Carbon compounds with the same chemical formula but with a different structural formulas

Carbon ChemistrySUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBONS:

any carbon compound where some of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by other elements or groups.

H

H

Carbon ChemistryTypes of Substituted Hydrocarbons

Alcohols: when an –OH group is attached to a carbon chain

Organic Acids: when a –COOH group is attached to a carbon chain (vinegar is an organic acid)

Esters: often are carbon rings attached to a carbon chain which give the molecules a smell

Carbon ChemistrySmall molecules in the body include things like water, sugar, salts, amino acids, nucleic acids

H2O C6H12O6 NaCl

DNA is made of 4 bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine A-T C-G