CONQUEST IN AMERICAAGE OF EXPLORATION

Video

COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS CONQUISTADOR: Spanish

conqueror After Columbus & Magellan… Hernan Cortes (Spain) -

conquistador who arrived in Mexico in 1519, looking for lands to claim & searching for “City of Gold”

HERNAN CORTES VS

Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma

Aztecs thought Spaniards were “iron-clad gods”

Defeated Aztecs (1. Superior weapons, 2. Used enemies to help, 3. Disease)

Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) became Mexico City

Video

AZTEC EMPIRE

FRANCISCO PIZARRO VS

Conquistador who arrived in Inca Empire (Peru) in 1523

Captured Atahualpa for ransom of gold/silver; silver became a HUGE commodity!

Spanish eventually conquered, taking over lands from Ecuador to Chile

Video

Bio. Video

REASONS FOR CONQUISTADORS’ SUCCESSES

Military: horses, muskets, cannons, armor Division among natives: Aztecs/Incas

had many tribal enemies Oppression/abuse of Native

Americans: forced to work in encomienda system (slave farming)

Disease: new to Native Americans; challenged beliefs

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS?

90% of indigenous population died b/c of enslavement, overwork, or diseases: Smallpox Measles Influenza

Many converted to Christianity by force

Caught in battle between Spain & Portugal

Optional Video

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS 1494 - Agreement between Spain &

Portugal negotiated by Pope Alexander VI

LINE OF DEMARCATION divides “New World” Portugal gets everything EAST of the line

(Brazil & East Indies) Spain gets everything WEST of the line

(Central America, Caribbean, & most of South America)

GET OUT YOUR MAP #1!

SPANISH ECONOMY & SOCIAL CLASSES

Can only import/export with Spain MERCANTILISM: how much gold/silver a country

has ORDER OF SOCIAL CLASS in New Spain:

Peninsulares – born in Spain Creoles – American-born

descendents of Spanish settlers Mestizos – Native & Spanish

descent Mulattoes – Spanish & African

descent Native Americans African slaves

PORTUGUESE ECONOMY (BRAZIL)

Nobles given land grants; shared profits with king in Portugal

Turned to plantation agriculture (esp. sugar) and livestock raising

5 million + Africans brought into Brazil as slaves

VIDEO: CONQUISTADORS In Spanish (no subtitles), but gives it an

authentic feel!

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE 1500-1600 Great exchange of new foods, plants,

animals, culture, tools, humans, technology, and diseases between the Old World (Europe/Africa) and the New World (America)

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE VIDEO (CRASH COURSE)

AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS VIDEO Optional (time permitting), part 3 of 3.

(30 minutes)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9L_jhUID8

CRASH COURSE VIDEO

The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway Inflation (time permitting)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos