AGE OF EXPLORATION Video. CONQUISTADOR: Spanish conqueror After Columbus & Magellan… Hernan...
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Transcript of AGE OF EXPLORATION Video. CONQUISTADOR: Spanish conqueror After Columbus & Magellan… Hernan...
CONQUEST IN AMERICAAGE OF EXPLORATION
Video
COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS CONQUISTADOR: Spanish
conqueror After Columbus & Magellan… Hernan Cortes (Spain) -
conquistador who arrived in Mexico in 1519, looking for lands to claim & searching for “City of Gold”
HERNAN CORTES VS
Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma
Aztecs thought Spaniards were “iron-clad gods”
Defeated Aztecs (1. Superior weapons, 2. Used enemies to help, 3. Disease)
Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) became Mexico City
Video
AZTEC EMPIRE
FRANCISCO PIZARRO VS
Conquistador who arrived in Inca Empire (Peru) in 1523
Captured Atahualpa for ransom of gold/silver; silver became a HUGE commodity!
Spanish eventually conquered, taking over lands from Ecuador to Chile
Video
Bio. Video
REASONS FOR CONQUISTADORS’ SUCCESSES
Military: horses, muskets, cannons, armor Division among natives: Aztecs/Incas
had many tribal enemies Oppression/abuse of Native
Americans: forced to work in encomienda system (slave farming)
Disease: new to Native Americans; challenged beliefs
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS?
90% of indigenous population died b/c of enslavement, overwork, or diseases: Smallpox Measles Influenza
Many converted to Christianity by force
Caught in battle between Spain & Portugal
Optional Video
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS 1494 - Agreement between Spain &
Portugal negotiated by Pope Alexander VI
LINE OF DEMARCATION divides “New World” Portugal gets everything EAST of the line
(Brazil & East Indies) Spain gets everything WEST of the line
(Central America, Caribbean, & most of South America)
GET OUT YOUR MAP #1!
SPANISH ECONOMY & SOCIAL CLASSES
Can only import/export with Spain MERCANTILISM: how much gold/silver a country
has ORDER OF SOCIAL CLASS in New Spain:
Peninsulares – born in Spain Creoles – American-born
descendents of Spanish settlers Mestizos – Native & Spanish
descent Mulattoes – Spanish & African
descent Native Americans African slaves
PORTUGUESE ECONOMY (BRAZIL)
Nobles given land grants; shared profits with king in Portugal
Turned to plantation agriculture (esp. sugar) and livestock raising
5 million + Africans brought into Brazil as slaves
VIDEO: CONQUISTADORS In Spanish (no subtitles), but gives it an
authentic feel!
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE 1500-1600 Great exchange of new foods, plants,
animals, culture, tools, humans, technology, and diseases between the Old World (Europe/Africa) and the New World (America)
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE VIDEO (CRASH COURSE)
AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS VIDEO Optional (time permitting), part 3 of 3.
(30 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9L_jhUID8
CRASH COURSE VIDEO
The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway Inflation (time permitting)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos