SHIJO.T.DANIELS5 MECHANICAL

ROLL NO : 859REG NO : 11020125

OUTLINEIntroductionHistoryCruise controlAdaptive cruise control (ACC)components of ACCWorkingAcceleration & DecelerationControlling ACCDealing with switches

FeaturesAdvantagesLimitationsFuture aspectsACC used vehiclesConclusionReferences

INTRODUCTIONIncreased accident rate

Factors

Need o0f intelligent vehicles

Invention of Cruise control

HISTORY1910 speed control with  centrifugal

governorModern cruise control - Ralph Teetor-1945

First car in 1958

Started in cars from 1974

CRUISE CONTROLCruise control - automatically controls

the speed of a motor vehicle.

Also known as speed control or auto cruise.

Adjusting the throttle position to maintain a speed set by the driver

ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL(ACC)

Advanced version Keeps at steady speedUsing sensors for detectionKeeps safe distanceIntelligent controlCollision avoidance system

MAIN COMPONENTS ACC

Switches and pedals

Processor or mini computer

Sensor

Electronic vacuum actuator

WORKING OF ACCSwitch on ACC.Set speed.Sensors detects vehicle ahead.Decelerate to ahead vehicle speed.Keeps safe distanceCollision avoidance system

When the danger of a collision is detected, it provides a red warning light that flashes on the windshield.

The system provides an audible

alert when it senses a reduction in traffic speed in vehicles ahead.

ACCELARATION & DECELARATIONACC AcceleratorActuator controls the throttle

CONTROL OF ACCBRAIN: Mini computer.Senses throttle position.Senses accelerator position.Adjust throttleSenses ahead vehicles

LIDAR is Light Detection And Ranging. A laser diode was used to generate the

light signal.RADAR is Radio Detection And Ranging It is operated by radiating energy into

space and detecting the echo signal reflected from target

While RADAR target is the car’s rear

spoiler the stereo camera is constantly captures all objects in its field of view.

It includes millimeter wave radar linked to a 640x480 pixel stereo camera

Sensing and controlling process

CONTROLLER

Car with fusion sensor arrangement

Car with fusion sensor arrangement

ACC COMPONANTS IN A CAR

DEALING WITH SWITCHES

FEATURESMaintains a safe, comfortable distance

between vehicles without driver interventions

Maintains a consistent performance in poor visibility conditions.

Maintains a continuous performance during road turns and elevation changes

Alerts drivers by way of automatic braking.

ADVANTAGESIt’s very useful for long driving.The driver is relieved from the task of

careful acceleration, deceleration and braking in congested traffics.

Can avoid unconsciously violating speed limits.

Reduction in accident rate.Reduction in driver fatigue.Increased fuel efficiency.

DISADVANTAGES

CostNot for heavy trafficDangerous in slippery roadsEncourages the driver to become

careless.The ACC systems not respond directly to

the traffic signals.

FUTURE ASPECTSCo-Cooperative Adaptive cruise control or

CACC is already being tested in California .

ACC respond to the distance and speed of the car ahead ,CACC communicate with two or more cars and work together to avoid collision.

Communication is quicker, reliable and responsive.

ACC EQUIPED VEHICLESFord fusion seriesJaguarMercedes Benz VolkswagenAudiChevrolet cruze (India)

CONCLUSIONCurrent system ranges 150 meters can stop

and slows if any obstructionFully autonomous car is probably not viable

in the foreseen future.Near by vehicles would be in constant

communication with each other and act co-operatively.

It will probably take decades, but car accidents may eventually become almost as rare as plane crashes are now.

REFFERENCE1. University of Michigan (July 12, 2004). U-M

physicist: Smart cruise control eliminates traffic jams. Press release.

2. L. C. Davis (2004). "Effect of adaptive cruise control systems on traffic flow". Physical Review Letters E 69 (6): 066110 (article ID; no page reference).

3. CY Liang, H Peng (1999). "Optimal Adaptive Cruise Control with Guaranteed String Stability". Vehicle System Dynamics 32 (4-5): 313-330.

4. P Venhovens, K Naab, B Adiprasito (2000). "Stop and Go Cruise Control". Proc. FISITA World Automotive Congress, Seoul, Korea.

5. L. C. Davis, “Effect of adaptive cruise control systems on traffic flow” Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA The American Physical Society (Received 27 October 2003; revised 22 January 2004; published 4 June 2004)

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