Zero emission buildings & knowledge transfers
ZEB center vision & objective: eliminate GHG emissions caused by buildings
– developing competitive products and solutions for– existing and new residential and commercial/public buildings – related to their production, operation and demolition.
Inter-/nationally no clear and agreed definition of ZEB– Balance between energy export and import over time must be zero (or
positive)– The best form of clean and renewable energy is the energy not used
Sartori, Graabak & Dokka (2010)
Building industry: “the 40 % sector”. – 40 % of all use of materials and products are related to buildings – Buildings account for about 40 % of all primary energy use and
contribute to significant GHG emissions
# 1 Reduce energy demandHelen J Gansmo, NTNU
Mind the gap!
• The realization gap - the gap between availability of solutions and their implementation - is starting to close.
• The reliability gap - the gap between the building's potential performance and its actual performance in daily use – is still a challenge. – Focus on closing gaps between building and users, between design
and operation
Existing buildings towards ZEBsIn developed economies, at least half of the buildings that will be in use in 2050 have already been built.
More than 80% of total energyconsumption is consumed during the operation phase
Training, tools & technologyJohnson Controls increased the energy efficiency of the Empire State Building, NY, by 20 per cent within one year, saving $2.4 million in the process.
“To ensure that an integrated sustainability programme works effectively, you need to have the right building technology and, in addition, people who have the proper tools and the necessary expertise to act accordingly.”
– Clay Nesler, Vice President, Global Energy and Sustainability at Johnson Controls, at Euro FM, Prague, May 2013.
Robust technology
User organisation Professional users
Case studiesCase Description Users Energy management
Student housing
4600 bedsits, 15 locations20% of student population.New passiv houses – 1950sAim: cheap rent & sustainable housing
Students: 0.5 – 5 years(average 1.5 years)
Techno fixes.Excludes “in between actors”, relies on end-users
University 22 000 students5 000 employees7 campuses, 100 laboratory facilities550 000 sq. m heated area2-100 years old buildingsEl & district heating: 100 GW
Faculty, students, researchers:
Daytime
Involves “in between actors” internally and externally. Visual control, local knowledge + central operation system
Health resortshort term rehab stays (heart, cancer, lung, obesity)
8 300 sq m. Narrow, long, low buildingBuilt 2002Temp range -40 to +30 °CDistrict heating: 1.1 GWElectricity: 1 GW
Guests:
3 days to 5 weeks
Same as above
Student housing
Frequently new
occupants
Short occupancy
In between actors
EXCLUDED from priv. premises
Rely on techno
fixes
Potential: Prepare students
for energy efficient
lives
Technology not fool
proof
University
Devoted & dedicated operators
Project design &
identification of
possibilities
Potential: Include
more local actors more
Central op. systems + observation & local knowledge
Building knowledge & responsibility to keep FM
out
Integrated solutions & low-cost tinkering
Health rehab
Rely on techno fixes
Continuously new occupants
In between actors
EXPECTED in private premises
Potential: Learn from larger org.s
& professional
FM
ShortER occupancy
Need fresh knowledge
Rely on in between actors
In/formal meeting spaces?
Janitors
Housekeeping
Receptionists
Feeling of ownership/ responsibility &local knowledge(IN-HOUSE FM)
In-house energy operators
End-users
Stimulating knowledge sharing &
innovations
Building B
Building C
Building D
Knowledge of EXTERNAL FM
Building A
Building E
Design
Design
Action research
Moving towards zero emission buildings through - a mix of technological and social measures- new meetings between different actors & organisations
Helen J Gansmo, NTNU
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