Download - The known and the unknowns: A multipathogen survey to identify diseases in cattle herds in Tanzania

The known and the unknowns: A mul2pathogen survey to iden2fy diseases in ca;le herds in Tanzania Silvia Alonso*1, Phil Toye2, Joerg Jores2, James Wakhungu1, George Msalya3, Delia Grace1, Fred Unger1

Livestock farmers in Africa are facing important challenges on animal health. DISEASES OF CATTLE ARE REPORTED BY FARMERS AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR LIMITING PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME GENERATION.

•  Limited capacity and infrastructure of government services for disease idenGficaGon and control.

•  Lack of systemaGc disease surveillance – Ad hoc surveys give biased picture on priority diseases.

Pictures

Silvia Alonso [email protected] ● P.O. Box 30709-‐00100 Nairobi Kenya ● +254 20 422 3465 h]p://aghealth.wordpress.com ● www.ilri.org Acknowledgements: The CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for NutriGon and Health (A4NH) and the InternaGonal Livestock Research InsGtute (ILRI) Funding: Federal Ministry for Economic CooperaGon and Development (Germany) and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for NutriGon and Health (A4NH)

This document is licensed for use under a CreaGve Commons A]ribuGon –Non commercial-‐Share Alike 3.0 Unported License September 2014

Project objecGves: (i) confirm presence of well-‐known ca]le pathogens; (ii) invesGgate presence of other pathogens rarely looked for.

IntroducGon

Materials and methods

Results

Research into use

153 ca]le farmers interviewed •  Smallholder dairy farmer

(intensive, few animals) •  Pastoralists (extensive,

large herds)

400 SICK ca]le: •  Serum sample

•  Whole blood sample

DISEASE PATHOGEN Q fever Coxiella burneF East Coast Fever Theileria parva Theileriosis T. mutans Anaplasmosis Anaplasma marginale Babesiosis Babesia bigemina Brucellosis Brucella spp Contagious Bov. Pleuropneumonia Mycoplasma mycoides Bovine Respiratory SyncyGal Virus BRSV Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 PIV3 InfecGous Bovine RhinotracheiGs IBRV Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus BVDV Neospora Neospora caninum

LAB SCREENING (ELISA)

•  Feedback to farmers – meeGngs at village/district level to (i) discuss findings, (ii) share knowledge on disease, (iii) discuss control opGons (e.g. treatments, vaccinaGon, biosecurity)

•  Feedback to Government Veterinary Services

Photo credit: ILRI/Silvia Alonso

Photo credit: ILRI/Silvia Alonso

DISEASE PATHOGEN % POSITIVE (N total) % FARMERS REPORTING THIS

DISEASE AS COMMON Q fever Coxiella burneF) 11.2 (392) (only 1/153 farmers reported

knowing this disease) East Coast Fever (Theileria parva) 31.8 (402) 37% Theileriasis (T. mutans) 10.2 (402) -‐-‐ Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) 31.6 (402) 18% Babesiosis (Babesia bigemina) 21.4 (402) -‐-‐ Brucellosis (Brucella spp) 11.4 (403) 0.7% Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP – Mycoplasma) 18.1 (381) 22% Bovine Respiratory Syncy2al Virus (BRSV) (lab work ongoing)

25% Infec2ous Bovine Rhinotrachei2s (IBRV) (lab work ongoing) Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (PIV3) (lab work ongoing) Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) (lab work ongoing) -‐-‐ Neospora (Neospora caninum) (lab work ongoing) -‐-‐

•  Tick borne diseases quite widespread in the study areas •  Preliminary results suggest discrepancies with farmers

percepGon of disease relaGve importance •  Se / Sp of diagnosGcs not considered

Table 2. PRELIMINARY ELISA results and Top 3 diseases (highlighted) according to laboratory results and farmers percepGons.

Table 1. List of ca]le diseases included in the study

Map of TANZANIA showing study sites: •  Tanga region (Lushoto and Handeni Districts); •  Morogoro region (Mvomero and Kilosa Districts)

•  Further lab work to be conducted •  Understand disease pa]erns according to (i) geographical

locaGon (ii) farming systems and (iii) farmers pracGces.

IN THE PIPELINE

1 Integrated Science Dep. ILRI (Kenya); 2 Biosciences Department, ILRI (Kenya); 3 Dept of Animal Science and ProducUon, SUA (Tanzania)

September 2014