The known and the unknowns: A multipathogen survey to identify diseases in cattle herds in Tanzania

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The known and the unknowns: A mul2pathogen survey to iden2fy diseases in ca;le herds in Tanzania Silvia Alonso* 1 , Phil Toye 2 , Joerg Jores 2 , James Wakhungu 1 , George Msalya 3 , Delia Grace 1 , Fred Unger 1 Livestock farmers in Africa are facing important challenges on animal health. DISEASES OF CATTLE ARE REPORTED BY FARMERS AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR LIMITING PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME GENERATION . Limited capacity and infrastructure of government services for disease idenGficaGon and control. Lack of systemaGc disease surveillance – Ad hoc surveys give biased picture on priority diseases. Pictures Silvia Alonso [email protected] ● P.O. Box 3070900100 Nairobi Kenya ● +254 20 422 3465 h]p://aghealth.wordpress.com ● www.ilri.org Acknowledgements: The CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for NutriGon and Health (A4NH) and the InternaGonal Livestock Research InsGtute (ILRI) Funding: Federal Ministry for Economic CooperaGon and Development (Germany) and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for NutriGon and Health (A4NH) This document is licensed for use under a CreaGve Commons A]ribuGon –Non commercialShare Alike 3.0 Unported License September 2014 Project objecGves: (i) confirm presence of wellknown ca]le pathogens; (ii) invesGgate presence of other pathogens rarely looked for. IntroducGon Materials and methods Results Research into use 153 ca]le farmers interviewed Smallholder dairy farmer (intensive, few animals) Pastoralists (extensive, large herds) 400 SICK ca]le: Serum sample Whole blood sample DISEASE PATHOGEN Q fever Coxiella burneF East Coast Fever Theileria parva Theileriosis T. mutans Anaplasmosis Anaplasma marginale Babesiosis Babesia bigemina Brucellosis Brucella spp Contagious Bov. Pleuropneumonia Mycoplasma mycoides Bovine Respiratory SyncyGal Virus BRSV Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 PIV3 InfecGous Bovine RhinotracheiGs IBRV Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus BVDV Neospora Neospora caninum LAB SCREENING (ELISA) Feedback to farmers – meeGngs at village/district level to (i) discuss findings, (ii) share knowledge on disease, (iii) discuss control opGons (e.g. treatments, vaccinaGon, biosecurity) Feedback to Government Veterinary Services Photo credit: ILRI/Silvia Alonso Photo credit: ILRI/Silvia Alonso DISEASE PATHOGEN % POSITIVE (N total) % FARMERS REPORTING THIS DISEASE AS COMMON Q fever Coxiella burneF) 11.2 (392) (only 1/153 farmers reported knowing this disease) East Coast Fever (Theileria parva) 31.8 (402) 37% Theileriasis (T. mutans) 10.2 (402) Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) 31.6 (402) 18% Babesiosis (Babesia bigemina) 21.4 (402) Brucellosis (Brucella spp) 11.4 (403) 0.7% Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP – Mycoplasma) 18.1 (381) 22% Bovine Respiratory Syncy2al Virus (BRSV) (lab work ongoing) 25% Infec2ous Bovine Rhinotrachei2s (IBRV) (lab work ongoing) Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (PIV3) (lab work ongoing) Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) (lab work ongoing) Neospora (Neospora caninum) (lab work ongoing) Tick borne diseases quite widespread in the study areas Preliminary results suggest discrepancies with farmers percepGon of disease relaGve importance Se / Sp of diagnosGcs not considered Table 2. PRELIMINARY ELISA results and Top 3 diseases (highlighted) according to laboratory results and farmers percepGons. Table 1. List of ca]le diseases included in the study Map of TANZANIA showing study sites: Tanga region (Lushoto and Handeni Districts); Morogoro region (Mvomero and Kilosa Districts) Further lab work to be conducted Understand disease pa]erns according to (i) geographical locaGon (ii) farming systems and (iii) farmers pracGces. IN THE PIPELINE 1 Integrated Science Dep. ILRI (Kenya); 2 Biosciences Department, ILRI (Kenya); 3 Dept of Animal Science and ProducUon, SUA (Tanzania) September 2014

description

Livestock farmers in Africa are facing important challenges on animal health. Diseases of cattle are reported by farmers as an important factor limiting productivity and income generation. Limited capacity and infrastructure of government services for disease identification and control. Lack of systematic disease surveillance – Ad hoc surveys give biased picture on priority diseases.

Transcript of The known and the unknowns: A multipathogen survey to identify diseases in cattle herds in Tanzania

Page 1: The known and the unknowns:  A multipathogen survey to identify diseases in cattle herds in Tanzania

The  known  and  the  unknowns:    A  mul2pathogen  survey  to  iden2fy  diseases  in  ca;le  herds  in  Tanzania    Silvia  Alonso*1,  Phil  Toye2,  Joerg  Jores2,  James  Wakhungu1,  George  Msalya3,  Delia  Grace1,  Fred  Unger1  

Livestock  farmers  in  Africa  are  facing  important  challenges  on  animal  health.    DISEASES  OF  CATTLE  ARE  REPORTED    BY  FARMERS  AS  AN  IMPORTANT  FACTOR  LIMITING  PRODUCTIVITY  AND  INCOME  GENERATION.  

•  Limited    capacity  and  infrastructure  of  government  services  for  disease  idenGficaGon  and  control.    

•  Lack  of  systemaGc  disease  surveillance  –  Ad  hoc  surveys  give  biased  picture  on  priority  diseases.    

Pictures  

Silvia  Alonso  [email protected]  ●  P.O.  Box  30709-­‐00100  Nairobi    Kenya    ●    +254  20  422  3465    h]p://aghealth.wordpress.com  ●    www.ilri.org          Acknowledgements:  The  CGIAR  Research  Program  on  Agriculture  for  NutriGon  and  Health  (A4NH)  and  the  InternaGonal  Livestock  Research  InsGtute  (ILRI)  Funding:  Federal  Ministry  for  Economic  CooperaGon  and  Development    (Germany)  and  the  CGIAR  Research  Program  on  Agriculture  for  NutriGon  and  Health  (A4NH)  

This  document  is  licensed  for  use  under  a  CreaGve  Commons  A]ribuGon  –Non  commercial-­‐Share  Alike  3.0  Unported  License                                                                                                                                                                                  September  2014  

Project  objecGves:  (i)  confirm  presence  of  well-­‐known  ca]le  pathogens;  (ii)  invesGgate  presence  of  other  pathogens  rarely  looked  for.  

IntroducGon  

Materials  and  methods  

Results  

Research  into  use  

153  ca]le  farmers  interviewed  •  Smallholder  dairy  farmer  

(intensive,  few  animals)  •  Pastoralists  (extensive,  

large  herds)  

400  SICK  ca]le:  •  Serum  sample  

•  Whole  blood  sample  

DISEASE   PATHOGEN  Q  fever   Coxiella  burneF  East  Coast  Fever   Theileria  parva  Theileriosis   T.  mutans  Anaplasmosis   Anaplasma  marginale  Babesiosis   Babesia  bigemina  Brucellosis   Brucella  spp  Contagious  Bov.  Pleuropneumonia     Mycoplasma  mycoides  Bovine  Respiratory  SyncyGal  Virus     BRSV  Bovine  Parainfluenza  Virus  Type  3     PIV3  InfecGous  Bovine  RhinotracheiGs     IBRV  Bovine  Virus  Diarrhoea  Virus     BVDV  Neospora     Neospora  caninum  

LAB  SCREENING  (ELISA)  

•  Feedback  to  farmers  –  meeGngs  at  village/district  level  to    (i)  discuss  findings,      (ii)  share  knowledge  on  disease,      (iii)  discuss  control  opGons  (e.g.  treatments,  vaccinaGon,  biosecurity)    

•  Feedback  to  Government  Veterinary  Services  

Photo  credit:  ILRI/Silvia  Alonso  

Photo  credit:  ILRI/Silvia  Alonso  

   DISEASE   PATHOGEN   %  POSITIVE     (N  total)   %  FARMERS  REPORTING  THIS  

DISEASE  AS  COMMON    Q  fever   Coxiella  burneF)   11.2    (392)     (only  1/153  farmers  reported  

knowing  this  disease)  East  Coast  Fever   (Theileria  parva)   31.8   (402)   37%  Theileriasis   (T.  mutans)   10.2   (402)   -­‐-­‐  Anaplasmosis   (Anaplasma  marginale)   31.6   (402)   18%  Babesiosis   (Babesia  bigemina)   21.4   (402)   -­‐-­‐  Brucellosis   (Brucella  spp)   11.4   (403)   0.7%  Contagious  Bovine  Pleuropneumonia     (CBPP  –  Mycoplasma)   18.1    (381)   22%  Bovine  Respiratory  Syncy2al  Virus     (BRSV)   (lab  work  ongoing)  

25%  Infec2ous  Bovine  Rhinotrachei2s     (IBRV)   (lab  work  ongoing)  Bovine  Parainfluenza  Virus  Type  3     (PIV3)   (lab  work  ongoing)  Bovine  Virus  Diarrhoea  Virus     (BVDV)   (lab  work  ongoing)   -­‐-­‐  Neospora     (Neospora  caninum)   (lab  work  ongoing)   -­‐-­‐  

•  Tick  borne  diseases  quite  widespread  in  the  study  areas  •  Preliminary  results  suggest  discrepancies  with  farmers  

percepGon  of  disease  relaGve  importance  •  Se  /  Sp  of  diagnosGcs  not  considered  

Table  2.  PRELIMINARY  ELISA  results  and  Top  3  diseases  (highlighted)  according  to  laboratory  results  and  farmers  percepGons.  

Table  1.  List  of  ca]le  diseases  included  in  the  study  

Map  of  TANZANIA  showing  study  sites:    •  Tanga  region  (Lushoto  and  Handeni  Districts);    •  Morogoro  region  (Mvomero  and  Kilosa  Districts)  

•  Further  lab  work  to  be  conducted  •  Understand  disease  pa]erns  according  to  (i)  geographical  

locaGon  (ii)  farming  systems  and  (iii)  farmers  pracGces.  

IN  THE  PIPELINE  

1  Integrated  Science  Dep.  ILRI  (Kenya);    2  Biosciences  Department,  ILRI  (Kenya);  3  Dept  of  Animal  Science  and  ProducUon,  SUA  (Tanzania)    

September  2014