13. Days 1-2: Beta-endorphin and adrenaline levels drop. Mood
is affected negatively. Days 3-5: Muscles lose elasticity. Aerobic
capabilities drop off 5% by the fth day off. Days 7-9: Bodys
ability to use oxygen (VO2 max) drops by 10%. Less oxygenated blood
is pumped with each beat. Day 10: Bodys metabolic rate begins to
drop. Eat less or youll gain weight. Days 11-13: Maximum heart rate
and cardiac output decline by 15%. Muscle tone sees rst appreciable
loss. Days 14-16: Mitochondrial activity (energy production) in
muscle cells begins to decrease rapidly. Loss of muscle mass,
strength and metabolic rate occurs. Days 17-19: Body becomes less
efcient at thermoregulation. You are forced to spend excess energy
cooling off. Days 20-21: VO2 max has dropped by about 20%. Days
22-25: 10-15% loss of muscle mass and that lost mass is replaced by
fat. Days 27-29: Muscle strength drops by as much as 30%.
14. RATES OF DECAY Aerobic capacity! Anaerobic lactic capacity!
Power! Speed! Maximum strength
15. ACKNOWLEDGE & RESPECTTHE PHYSICAL STIMULUS OF
GAMES
16. BUT KNOWTHAT GAMES ARE NOTTHE BEST STIMULUS FOR
FITNESS
17. Performance is the outcome of fitness and fatigue
18. UNDERSTAND THIS
19. Fatigue Masks Fitness
20. FAIR IS NOT EQUAL EQUAL IS NOT FAIR
21. DONT LET PLAYERS SLIP THROUGH THE CRACKS
22. USE BUCKETS Starters! Reserves! Non-dress! Injured!
Mid-Season transfers! Fast anaerobic players! Aerobic players
23. PHYSICAL DEMANDS
24. Players cover average of 10-12km in a game (~6 miles) Game
is 80-90 minutes of continuous activity 10-12km / 80-90 min =
average pace of ~7km / hr (roughly 13 mile pace)
25. Players cover average of 10-12km in a game (~6 miles) Game
is 80-90 minutes of continuous activity 10-12km / 80-90 min =
average pace of ~7km / hr (roughly 13 mile pace) Logical
conclusion.... run, run, run (slow & steady)
26. Flaw of Averages
27. FITNESS DEMANDS ANALYSIS OF MOTOR ACTIVITIES OF
PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERSMARCIN ANDRZEJEWSKI,1,2 JAN CHMURA,3
BEATA PLUTA,1 AND ANDRZEJ KASPRZAK2 1 Faculty of Methodology and
Recreation, University School of Physical Education, Poznan,
Poland; 2 KKS Lech Poznan S.A, Football Club, Poznan, Poznan,
Poland; and 3 Faculty of Players Motor Activity, University School
of Physical Education, Wrocaw, PolandABSTRACT Andrzejewski, M,
Chmura, J, Pluta, B, and Kasprzak, A. Analysis of motor activities
of professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 26(6):
14811488, 2012The objective of this study was to determine the
distance covered by professional soccer players during matches with
the use of the computer- ized match analysis system Amisco Pro
(version 1.0.2, Nice, France). Kinematic examination included the
specication of the distance covered by 31 players participating in
4 matches in the Union of European Football Association during the
200 tactical, and mental preparation from the players (23).
Recently, much attention has been paid to the selection of players
possessing proper anthropometric and efciency proles, thus
providing for the possibility of systematic workouts that allow
players to achieve optimum perfor- mance. The preparation of a
player is frequently focused on the improvement of technical or
tactical skills at the expense of developing motor abilities
(2,3,17,22,27). Lik team sports, soccer als
28. ANALYSIS OF MOTOR ACTIVITIES OF PROFESSIONAL SOCCER
PLAYERSMARCIN ANDRZEJEWSKI,1,2 JAN CHMURA,3 BEATA PLUTA,1 AND
ANDRZEJ KASPRZAK2 1 Faculty of Methodology and Recreation,
University School of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland; 2 KKS Lech
Poznan S.A, Football Club, Poznan, Poznan, Poland; and 3 Faculty of
Players Motor Activity, University School of Physical Education,
Wrocaw, PolandABSTRACT Andrzejewski, M, Chmura, J, Pluta, B, and
Kasprzak, A. Analysis of motor activities of professional soccer
players. J Strength Cond Res 26(6): 14811488, 2012The objective of
this study was to determine the distance covered by professional
soccer players during matches with the use of the computer- ized
match analysis system Amisco Pro (version 1.0.2, Nice, France).
Kinematic examination included the specication of the distance
covered by 31 players participating in 4 matches in the Union of
European Football Association during the 200 tactical, and mental
preparation from the players (23). Recently, much attention has
been paid to the selection of players possessing proper
anthropometric and efciency proles, thus providing for the
possibility of systematic workouts that allow players to achieve
optimum perfor- mance. The preparation of a player is frequently
focused on the improvement of technical or tactical skills at the
expense of developing motor abilities (2,3,17,22,27). Lik team
sports, soccer als Aerobic capacity is EXTREMELY important Average
intensity approaches lactate threshold Mid-Fielders run the
most
29. FITNESS DEMANDS
30. Aerobic endurance improves distance covered, number of
sprints, involvements with the ball
31. FITNESS DEMANDS MATCH ACTIVITIES OF ELITE WOMEN SOCCER
PLAYERS AT DIFFERENT PERFORMANCE LEVELS MAGNI MOHR,1 PETER
KRUSTRUP,1 HELENA ANDERSSON,2 DONALD KIRKENDAL,3 AND JENS BANGSBO 1
1 Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Human
Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; 2 Department of
Health Sciences, Orebro University, Sweden; 3 Center for Human
Movement Science, Division of Physical Therapy, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina ABSTRACT We sought to study
the physical demands and match per- formance of women soccer
players. Nineteen top-class and 15 high-level players were
individually videotaped in competitive matches, and time-motion
analysis were performed. The players ity .1,300 times in a game
correspond- total. The top- INTRODUCTION T he physical aspects of
elite soccer players have been studied extensively in men
(1,2,10,12,14 18,22,25). Less information exists regarding the
physical demands in women soccer players (5,6,7, 11,19,24). Body
dimensions (8) and maximum aerobic power (6,8,11,23) of women
players have been determined in several studies. In addition, some
studies have examined the activity atch play (2,24). However, the
main focus hich is believed to be
32. MATCH ACTIVITIES OF ELITE WOMEN SOCCER PLAYERS AT DIFFERENT
PERFORMANCE LEVELS MAGNI MOHR,1 PETER KRUSTRUP,1 HELENA ANDERSSON,2
DONALD KIRKENDAL,3 AND JENS BANGSBO 1 1 Institute of Exercise and
Sport Sciences, Department of Human Physiology, University of
Copenhagen, Denmark; 2 Department of Health Sciences, Orebro
University, Sweden; 3 Center for Human Movement Science, Division
of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina ABSTRACT We sought to study the physical demands and
match per- formance of women soccer players. Nineteen top-class and
15 high-level players were individually videotaped in competitive
matches, and time-motion analysis were performed. The players ity
.1,300 times in a game correspond- total. The top- INTRODUCTION T
he physical aspects of elite soccer players have been studied
extensively in men (1,2,10,12,14 18,22,25). Less information exists
regarding the physical demands in women soccer players (5,6,7,
11,19,24). Body dimensions (8) and maximum aerobic power
(6,8,11,23) of women players have been determined in several
studies. In addition, some studies have examined the activity atch
play (2,24). However, the main focus hich is believed to be
Top-class players perform more high intensity runs than lesser
peers Fatigue develops temporarily & towards the end of a game
Defenders have lower work rates than mid-elders &
attackers
33. FITNESS DEMANDS
34. Straight sprints are the most dominant powerful action in
decisive offensive situations in elite soccer Most decisive
powerful movements ending in goals are made without the ball
35. POSITIONAL DEMANDS Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
(2007) 6, 63-70 http://www.jssm.org Physical demands of different
positions in FA Premier League soccer Jonathan Bloomfield 1 , Remco
Polman 2 and Peter O'Donoghue 3 1 Sports Institute of Northern
Ireland, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK, 2 Department
of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, The University of Hull,
East Riding of Yorkshire, UK, 3 School of Sport, University of
Wales Insti- tute Cardiff, Cardiff, UK Abstract The purpose of this
study was to evaluate the physical demands of English Football
Association (FA) Premier League soccer of three different
positional classifications (defender, midfielder and striker).
Computerised time-motion video-analysis using the Bloomfield
Movement Classification was undertaken on the purposeful movement
(PM) performed by 55 players. Recogni- tion of PM had a good
inter-tester reliability strength of agree- ment ( = 0.7277).
Players spent 40.6 10.0% of the match performing PM. Position had a
significant influence o time spent sprinting, running, shu still (p
< 0.0 age, stature, body mass and body mass index have been
recently identified between elite players of different posi- tions
suggesting that players of particular size and shape may be
suitable for the demands of the various playing positions
(Bloomfield et al., 2005). In this respect, posi- tional role
appears to have an influence on total energy expenditure in a
match, suggesting different physical, physiological and
bioenergetic requ enced by play Research article
36. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2007) 6, 63-70
http://www.jssm.org Physical demands of different positions in FA
Premier League soccer Jonathan Bloomfield 1 , Remco Polman 2 and
Peter O'Donoghue 3 1 Sports Institute of Northern Ireland,
University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK, 2 Department of Sport,
Health & Exercise Science, The University of Hull, East Riding
of Yorkshire, UK, 3 School of Sport, University of Wales Insti-
tute Cardiff, Cardiff, UK Abstract The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the physical demands of English Football Association (FA)
Premier League soccer of three different positional classifications
(defender, midfielder and striker). Computerised time-motion
video-analysis using the Bloomfield Movement Classification was
undertaken on the purposeful movement (PM) performed by 55 players.
Recogni- tion of PM had a good inter-tester reliability strength of
agree- ment ( = 0.7277). Players spent 40.6 10.0% of the match
performing PM. Position had a significant influence o time spent
sprinting, running, shu still (p < 0.0 age, stature, body mass
and body mass index have been recently identified between elite
players of different posi- tions suggesting that players of
particular size and shape may be suitable for the demands of the
various playing positions (Bloomfield et al., 2005). In this
respect, posi- tional role appears to have an influence on total
energy expenditure in a match, suggesting different physical,
physiological and bioenergetic requ enced by play Research article
Players spent 48.7 9.2% of purposeful movement going directly
forward 726 203 turns in a gameUpwards of 40% of purposeful
movement is spent walking or slowly jogging
37. Conclusions... Different positions may require different
levels & types of fitness Aerobic demand of the sport is high
Anaerobic lactate component is less than what many believe*
38. Conclusions... Linear sprinting is a HUGE determinant of
goal scoring ! Speed without the ball may be a bigger determinant
of scoring ability than speed with the ball
39. Conclusions... The game is primarily characterized as short
bursts of high intensity straight ahead acceleration punctuated by
intermittent rest periods of very low & moderate activity
40. Conclusions... Due to the intermittent high intensity
efforts with insufficient recovery, the sport can best be
classified as an alactic-aerobic sport
41. Application of Concepts
42. The key to training in team settings is pushing player
appropriate level of overload simultaneously managing fatigue allow
for adaptations
43. Due to the nature of todays high level game, traditional
periodization models with clear cut in-seasons & off-seasons
are antiquated & obsolete
44. ITS MORE APPROPRIATE TO THINK OF AN ONGOING PROCESS WITH
WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY
45. FINDING WINDOWS REQUIRES LOOKING FORTHEM Game load Travel
stress Strength training load Objective indicators Subjective
indicators Schedule
46. Biologically DictatedPeriodization
47. OFF-SEASON TRAINING IS NOTHING MORE THAN A VERY BIG
WINDOW
48. OFF-SEASON TRAINING IS A CHANCE TO PUT HAY IN THE BARN
49. IN-SEASONTRAINING IS A BALANCING ACT
50. IN-SEASONTRAINING Maintain tness while minimizing
likelihood for soreness & fatigue for those who need to be
available! Set personalized objective tness thresholds for training
& remediate when they arent attained ! Consider pre-game
training for those not selected! Post-game training for bench
players who see minimal or no time
51. Points of Training Emphasis Considerable emphasis should be
given to developing: Aerobic capacity Alactic Anaerobic abilities
(especially linear speed) Limited (but beneficial) training should
be done to enhance anaerobic
52. AEROBIC FITNESS
53. Aerobic Capacity Aerobic capacity fuels theability to
perform repeatedhigh intensity efforts whenthe rest interval
betweenefforts is insufcient forcomplete recovery
54. Intensity must be sufciently low that you are training
aerobic pathways and not glycolytic! Durations must be sufciently
long that you are providing an adequate stimulus! For
non-continuous efforts, rest intervals must be appropriate to
achieve the desired outcome...too long or too short and you wont
provide the desired stimulus AEROBIC FITNESS
55. Aerobic Training Guidelines Continuous Method: Duration:
15-60 min Intensity: 70-85% of max HR Interval Method: Duration:
3-8 min / interval Reps: 3-5 Intensity: 85-95% of max HR Work:Rest
Ratio: 1:0.5-3
56. Off-Season Non-specic steady state aerobic work is highly
recommended because of its controlled nature which reduces the
likelihood for injury and provides a clean stimulus
57. In-Season The combination of games and standard duration
technical / tactical practices may provide sufcient aerobic
stimulus! ! Additional (non-specic) work may be appropriate for
maintenance, remediation and during critical training windows of
the year (off-season, long stretches w/o games, etc)
60. Quickness & Agility? A distinct but related motor
pattern to speed, power & strength
61. SPEED TRAINING GUIDELINES Emphasize appropriate mechanics
and maximal intensity! Work : rest ratios = 1 : 20 - 40 ! Rep
lengths of 10-40m (~ 1 - 5 sec)! Total volume should be constrained
(160m - 300m)
62. SPEED TRAINING GUIDELINES Adding changes of direction,
start-stops, turns, lateral movement, change of tempo, jumps,
headers, etc are all appropriate but should not take away from the
focal point of developing linear speed
63. Off-Season Focus on acceleration rst! ! Resisted runs &
moderate hills are appropriate methods for developing both
mechanics of speed as well as physical qualities! ! Respect the
necessary rest requirements
64. In-Season Speed training must persist throughout the
season! ! Incorporate the ball, reaction and thought- processing
when feasible but do so in an appropriate manner!
65. AGILITY & QUICKNESS?
66. REPEAT SPRINT ABILITY
67. To be fit for soccer you must be able to sprint fast.
Repeatedly. With minimal rest. Repeat Sprint Ability
68. LIMITERS OF RSA Fatigue from repeat efforts is inversely
correlated to initial sprint performance! Limitations in energy
supply, which include energy available from phosphocreatine
hydrolysis, anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative metabolism, and the
intramuscular accumulation of metabolic by- products, such as
hydrogen ions are key factors in performance decrement! Neural
factors (magnitude and strategy of recruitment) are related to
fatigue! Stiffness regulation, hypoglycemia, muscle damage and
environmental conditions may also compromise repeat sprint ability
(Bishop et al, 2011)
69. 1. Include traditional sprint training to improve an
athletes capacity in a single sprint effort! 2. Some high intensity
interval training is benecial to improve the athletes ability to
recover between sprint efforts.! (Bishop et al, 2011) TRAINING
RSA
70. RSA Training Guidelines Intensity: 95-100% Reps: 10-30m
Volume:
