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Kingdom Kingdom AnimaliaAnimaliaPhylum Phylum ChordataChordata
Subphylum VertebrataSubphylum Vertebrata
Class Class AmphibiaAmphibia
Class Class AmphibiaAmphibia
AmphiAmphi = both= bothBiosBios = lives= livesExamplesExamples: :
1.1. salamanders (including newts & salamanders (including newts & eftsefts))2.2. caecilians caecilians 3.3. frogs frogs 4.4. toadstoads
Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))
Tiger salamanderTiger salamander
Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))
Jeffersonian salamanderJeffersonian salamander
Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))
Eastern HellbenderEastern Hellbender
Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))
Marbled SalamanderMarbled Salamander
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Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))
RedRed--spotted salamanderspotted salamander
Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))
Northern Red salamanderNorthern Red salamander
Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))
AxolotlAxolotl
Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))
Red Red efteft
CaeciliansCaecilians FrogsFrogs
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FrogsFrogs
Leopard frogLeopard frog
Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog
Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog
Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog
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African clawed frogAfrican clawed frog Gastric Brooding FrogGastric Brooding Frog
Goliath frogGoliath frog Tomato frogTomato frog
Flying frogFlying frog ToadsToads
Boreal toadBoreal toad
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Boreal toadBoreal toad Cane toadCane toad
American toadAmerican toadSurinam Toad (frog?)Surinam Toad (frog?)
General InformationGeneral Information
3,400 species3,400 speciesHabitatHabitat: :
Adults: terrestrialAdults: terrestrial
Sub Sub –– adults (larvae):adults (larvae):aquatic (freshwater)aquatic (freshwater)
Skeleton Skeleton –– BonyBony
LimbsLimbs-- TetrapodsTetrapods ((““4 feet4 feet””))
Some legless (Caecilians)Some legless (Caecilians)
Feet often webbed (for swimming)Feet often webbed (for swimming)
Forelimbs usually with 4 digits Forelimbs usually with 4 digits
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SkinSkinSmoothSmooth & & moistmoist
NoNo scalesscales
Lungs (most adults)Lungs (most adults)
Gills ( tadpoles)Gills ( tadpoles)
Skin glandsSkin glands
Defense / CamouflageDefense / CamouflagePigmentPigment((chromatophoreschromatophores))
DefenseDefensePoisonPoison
Prevent dehydrationPrevent dehydrationWaxWax
Prevent dehydrationPrevent dehydrationMucusMucus
FunctionFunctionName of glandName of gland
RespirationRespiration
•• optionsoptions -- one or more of the one or more of the following:following:
Skin (must be kept moist to breathe)Skin (must be kept moist to breathe)
Lungs (most adults)Lungs (most adults)
Gills (tadpoles, some adult Gills (tadpoles, some adult salamanders) salamanders)
Heart & temperature regulationHeart & temperature regulation•• 3 chambered heart3 chambered heart•• (tadpoles = 2 chambered heart)(tadpoles = 2 chambered heart)
EctothermalEctothermal ––use environment to regulate use environment to regulate
body temperaturebody temperature
ReproductionReproduction
DioeciousDioecious
Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization ––salamanders & caecilianssalamanders & caecilians
External fertilizationExternal fertilization ––frogs & toadsfrogs & toads
ReproductionReproduction
ViviparousViviparous –– eggs must be kept moisteggs must be kept moist
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis –– (usually present)(usually present)
eggs eggs →→ larvae (sublarvae (sub--adults) adults) →→ adults adults
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MetamorphosisMetamorphosis ReproductionReproductionA. A. Australian Marsupial frogAustralian Marsupial frog
(use pouch on dorsum)(use pouch on dorsum)B. B. Surinam FrogSurinam Frog
(babies in skin on (babies in skin on dorsum)dorsum)
C. C. Poison dart frogPoison dart frog(carries tadpoles from (carries tadpoles from rain forest floor to rain forest floor to canopy)canopy)
D. D. DarwinDarwin’’s frogs frog(babies mature in vocal (babies mature in vocal pouch)pouch)
****Remember Remember gastricgastricbrooding frog brooding frog keeps keeps young in stomach!young in stomach!
Three OrdersThree Orders
1.1. Order Order GymnophionaGymnophiona ““naked snakenaked snake”” ––caecilians (a.k.a. caecilians (a.k.a. ApodaApoda))
2.2. Order Order CaudataCaudata ““ having a tailhaving a tail”” ––salamanders, newts, salamanders, newts, eftsefts
3. 3. Order Order AnuraAnura ““ without tailwithout tail”” ––frogs & toadsfrogs & toads
Order Order GymnophionaGymnophiona((caecilians)caecilians)--
RareRare
LimblessLimbless
HabitatHabitat: Burrow in earth, tropical habitats: Burrow in earth, tropical habitats
FeedingFeeding: worms & small invertebrates: worms & small invertebrates
Order Order CaudataCaudata((salamanders, etc.)salamanders, etc.)
HabitatHabitat: all moist Northern temperate: all moist Northern temperatehabitatshabitats
FeedingFeeding: adults & larvae carnivorous: adults & larvae carnivorous(moving prey, small invertebrates)(moving prey, small invertebrates)
Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization
Order Order AnuraAnura(frogs & toads)(frogs & toads)
HabitatHabitat: : 1. 1. adultsadults: terrestrial, moist soil: terrestrial, moist soil2. 2. larvaelarvae: fresh water: fresh water
FeedingFeeding: carnivorous: carnivorousExternal fertilizationExternal fertilization ((amplexusamplexus))Endangered worldEndangered world--widewideSentinel speciesSentinel species: :
very sensitive to environmental changes very sensitive to environmental changes ( E.g. ( E.g. uvuv exposure, water pollution ) exposure, water pollution ) due to dependence on moist/ aquatic due to dependence on moist/ aquatic envmntenvmnt..