KINGDOM ANIMALIAKINGDOM ANIMALIA

How many organisms are How many organisms are there in the world?there in the world?

– 250,000 plants250,000 plants– 750,000 750,000

insectsinsects– 43,000 43,000

vertebratesvertebrates 4200 mammals4200 mammals 9000 birds9000 birds 6300 reptiles6300 reptiles 4200 4200

amphibiansamphibians 18,000 bony 18,000 bony

fishesfishes 900 900

cartilaginous cartilaginous fishes and fishes and jawless fishesjawless fishes

1.5 million known 1.5 million known speciesspecies

on earth on earth

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

EUKARYOTICEUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULARMULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHIC (by ingestion)HETEROTROPHIC (by ingestion) MOVE AT SOME POINT IN LIFEMOVE AT SOME POINT IN LIFE DIGEST FOOD TO GET DIGEST FOOD TO GET

NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS LACK CELL WALLSLACK CELL WALLS

TRENDS IN ANIMAL TRENDS IN ANIMAL EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION

CELL SPECIALIZATIONCELL SPECIALIZATION CEPHALIZATIONCEPHALIZATION EARLY DEVELOPMENTEARLY DEVELOPMENT BODY SYMMETRYBODY SYMMETRY BODY CAVITY FORMATIONBODY CAVITY FORMATION

CELL SPECIALIZATIONCELL SPECIALIZATION

CELLS FORM TISSUESCELLS FORM TISSUES– EPITHELIAL (skin, lining of cavities)EPITHELIAL (skin, lining of cavities)– CONNECTIVE (bone, blood)CONNECTIVE (bone, blood)– MUSCULAR (heart, biceps)MUSCULAR (heart, biceps)– NERVOUS (brain, nerves)NERVOUS (brain, nerves)

CEPHALIZATIONCEPHALIZATION

CONCENTRATION OF SENSE CONCENTRATION OF SENSE ORGANS AND NERVE CELLS AT ORGANS AND NERVE CELLS AT FRONT END OF BODYFRONT END OF BODY

EARLY DEVELOPMENTEARLY DEVELOPMENT FERTILIZATION FORMS A ZYGOTEFERTILIZATION FORMS A ZYGOTE BLASTULA (hollow ball of cells)BLASTULA (hollow ball of cells) GASTRULA (stage when layers that GASTRULA (stage when layers that

produce adult tissues form) produce adult tissues form) GERM LAYER GERM LAYER

FORMATIONFORMATION

GERM LAYERSGERM LAYERS

ECTODERMECTODERM

ENDODERM ENDODERM

MESODERMMESODERM

GERM LAYERSGERM LAYERS ECTODERMECTODERM

– Covers surface of embryoCovers surface of embryo– Forms outer covering & CNSForms outer covering & CNS

ENDODERM ENDODERM – Innermost germ layerInnermost germ layer– Forms lining of digestive tract, liver, lungsForms lining of digestive tract, liver, lungs

MESODERMMESODERM– Located b/w ectoderm & endodermLocated b/w ectoderm & endoderm– Forms muscles & most organsForms muscles & most organs

2 TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT2 TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT PROTOSTOMEPROTOSTOME

SS– mouth forms mouth forms

from the from the opening opening (blastopore) of (blastopore) of the gastrula the gastrula

DEUTEROSTOMEDEUTEROSTOMESS– anus forms from anus forms from

the opening the opening (blastopore) of (blastopore) of the gastrula the gastrula during during developmentdevelopment

BODY SYMMETRYBODY SYMMETRY

Animal’s body plans are Animal’s body plans are adapted for how they get their adapted for how they get their foodfood

they may be motile (move) or they may be motile (move) or sessile (don’t move)sessile (don’t move)

3 TYPES OF BODY 3 TYPES OF BODY SYMMETRYSYMMETRY

Asymmetrical-no symmetry (ex, Asymmetrical-no symmetry (ex, sponge)sponge)

Bilateral- body plan in Bilateral- body plan in which single line can which single line can divide body into 2 divide body into 2

equal partsequal parts Radial-body plan in which body Radial-body plan in which body

parts repeat around center of bodyparts repeat around center of body

ANATOMICAL TERMSANATOMICAL TERMS

Dorsal- top or backDorsal- top or back Ventral- bottomVentral- bottom Anterior- head end that goes Anterior- head end that goes

firstfirst Posterior- tail end that followsPosterior- tail end that follows Lateral- along the side Lateral- along the side

(lengthwise)(lengthwise)

ANATOMICAL TERMSANATOMICAL TERMS

DorsalDorsal

AnteriorAnterior

PosteriorPosterior

VentralVentral

BODY PLANS BODY PLANS OR BODY CAVITY FORMATIONOR BODY CAVITY FORMATION

ACOELOMATE- no body cavity b/w ACOELOMATE- no body cavity b/w digestive tract and outer body walldigestive tract and outer body wall

ex. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)ex. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

BODY PLANS BODY PLANS OR BODY CAVITY FORMATIONOR BODY CAVITY FORMATION

PSEUDOCOELOMATE- slight body PSEUDOCOELOMATE- slight body cavity between the mesoderm and cavity between the mesoderm and endodermendoderm

Ex. Nematoda (roundworms)Ex. Nematoda (roundworms)

BODY PLANS BODY PLANS OR BODY CAVITY FORMATIONOR BODY CAVITY FORMATION

COELOMATE- body cavity forms COELOMATE- body cavity forms and cushions organs, allows for and cushions organs, allows for growth of organs.growth of organs.

Ex. Annelids (earthworm)Ex. Annelids (earthworm)

FEEDING HETEROTROPHSFEEDING HETEROTROPHS

HERBIVORES- eat vegetation HERBIVORES- eat vegetation such as plantssuch as plants

FEEDING HETEROTROPHSFEEDING HETEROTROPHS

CARNIVORES- eat other CARNIVORES- eat other animalsanimals

FEEDING HETEROTROPHSFEEDING HETEROTROPHS

OMNIVORES- feed on both OMNIVORES- feed on both vegetation & other animalsvegetation & other animals

FEEDING HETEROTROPHSFEEDING HETEROTROPHS

FILTER FEEDERSFILTER FEEDERS- - feed by feed by straining tiny floating plantsstraining tiny floating plants

FEEDING HETEROTROPHSFEEDING HETEROTROPHS

DETRITUS FEEDERSDETRITUS FEEDERS- - feed on tiny feed on tiny bits of decaying matter bits of decaying matter

Sea Cucumber

FEEDING HETEROTROPHSFEEDING HETEROTROPHS

PARASITESPARASITES- - feed on living feed on living organisms usually destroying or organisms usually destroying or injuring the host organisminjuring the host organism

2 MAIN GROUPINGS OF 2 MAIN GROUPINGS OF ANIMALSANIMALS

INVERTEBRATESINVERTEBRATES

– 95% of animal 95% of animal speciesspecies

– No backboneNo backbone

VERTEBRATESVERTEBRATES

– 5% of animal 5% of animal speciesspecies

– Contains Contains backbonebackbone

Animals - InvertebratesAnimals - Invertebrates

Phylum ProiferaPhylum Proifera– Sponges, primitive filter feedersSponges, primitive filter feeders

Phylum CnidariaPhylum Cnidaria– Jellyfish, corals, sea anemonesJellyfish, corals, sea anemones

Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca– Bivalves - scallops, oysters, mussels, clamsBivalves - scallops, oysters, mussels, clams– Gastropods – snails, slugsGastropods – snails, slugs– Cephalopods – squids, octopiCephalopods – squids, octopi

Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata– Sea urchins and sea starsSea urchins and sea stars

Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropoda– Spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects, Spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects,

millipedes, and moremillipedes, and more

Animals - VertebratesAnimals - Vertebrates

50,000 vertebrates50,000 vertebrates 2 groups2 groups

– Jawless forms (Class Agnatha)Jawless forms (Class Agnatha) Hagfishes, lampreysHagfishes, lampreys

– Jawed forms – most of the animals we Jawed forms – most of the animals we knowknow

Condrichthyes – cartilaginous fishes, sharks, Condrichthyes – cartilaginous fishes, sharks, raysrays

Osteichthyes – bony fishesOsteichthyes – bony fishes Amphibia – salamanders, frogs, toadsAmphibia – salamanders, frogs, toads Reptilia – snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodilesReptilia – snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles Aves – birdsAves – birds Mammalia - mammalsMammalia - mammals

Animals – Vertebrate Animals – Vertebrate ClassesClasses

CondrichthyesCondrichthyes

www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/bioprofile.htm

Animals – Vertebrate Animals – Vertebrate ClassesClasses

OsteichthyesOsteichthyes

www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/bioprofile.htm

Animals – Vertebrate Animals – Vertebrate ClassesClasses

AmphibiaAmphibia

www.natureserve.org

Animals – Vertebrate Animals – Vertebrate ClassesClassesReptiliaReptilia

www.natureserve.org

Animals – Vertebrate Animals – Vertebrate ClassesClasses

AvesAves

Animals – Vertebrate Animals – Vertebrate ClassesClasses

MammaliaMammalia