Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryotic

• “Catch-all” Kingdom

• Contains organisms that resemble organisms in the kingdoms animalia, plantae, and fungi.

• Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs.

• Can be unicellular or multicellular.

Animal-like Protists: Protozoans

• Phylum Zoomastigina (Zooflagellates)– Swim using one or two flagella– Absorb food through the cell membrane– Reproduce asexually (mitosis) or sexually– Live in lakes, or streams, can be parasitic

What’s a flagella????

Animal-like Protists: Protozoans

• Phylum Sarcodina (Sarcodines) –– Move and feed by using a pseudopod.– Movement is called “amoeboid movement”– Contain a food vacuole.– Reproduce asexually (mitosis)– Most common example: amoeba

A temporary cytoplasmic

extension

What is a vacuole???

Animal-like Protists: Protozoans

• Phylum Ciliophora (Ciliates) – – Feed and move using cilia– Reproduce by conjugation– Live in fresh and salt water, can be parasitic.– Common example: paramecium

Small hair-like

projections

What is conjugation??

?

Animal-like Protists: Protozoans

• Phylum Sporozoa (Sporozoans) –– Do not move on their own– Parasitic– Have a complex life cycle that involves more

than one host.

Fungus–like Protists

• Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying matter.

• Lack chitin in cell walls.

• 2 types:– Slime molds– Water molds

A carbohydrate found in the cell wall of

fungal organisms

Plant-like Protists: Unicellular Algae

• Phylum Euglenozoa (Euglenophytes)– Have two flagella– Have a pellicle– Have an eyespot that directs light to

chloroplast– Reproduce asexually

Specialized cell wall

Plant-like Protists: Unicellular Algae

• Phylum Chrysophyta (Chrysophytes)– Have gold-colored chloroplasts– Store food in the form of oil instead of starch– Reproduce sexually and asexually

Plant-like Protists: Unicellular Algae

• Phylum Heterokontophyta (Diatoms)– Have cell walls made of silicon– Shaped like two sides of a petri dish

The main component of

glass

Plant-like Protists: Unicellular Algae

• Phylum Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates)– 50% autotrophs, 50% heterotrophs– Have two flagella– Reproduce asexually– Many are luminescent – Can cause “red tide”

They glow!!!

Plant-like Protists: Red, Brown & Green Algae

• Phylum Rhodophyta (Red Algae)– Live at great depths– Contain reddish accessory pigments called

phycobillins– Mostly multicellular– Contain flagella

Plant-like Protists: Red, Brown & Green Algae

• Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)– Contains brown accessory pigment called

fucoxanthin.– Largest and most complex algae– Multicellular– Most are marine– Largest algae – giant kelp

Plant-like Protists: Red, Brown & Green Algae

• Phylum Chlorophyta (Green Algae)– Share many characteristics with plants– Found in fresh and salt water– Most live most of life as unicellular– Reproduce through a process called

alternation of generations

Switch between

haploid and diploid stages

during their life cycle

Human Uses of Algae

• Produce much of the Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis

• Chemicals in algae are used to treat stomach ulcers, high blood pressure and arthritis

• Used to make sushi rolls, ice cream, salad dressing, pudding, candy bars, pancake syrup and eggnog

• Used to make plastics, waxes, transistors, deodorants, paints, lubricants and artificial wood.