Colton Marschal
Grammar Book
1. Nacionalidades
2. Stem changers
3. Para
4. Iops
5. Pronoun placement
6. Gustar
7. Affirmative & Negative words
8. Superlatives
9. Reflexives
10.Affirmative, Negative tu commands & irregulars
11.Sequencing Events
Table of Contents
Nacionalidades
empezarto begin (somethi
ng)
almorzarto east lunch
conseguirto obtain
change e to ie o to ue e to i
yo empiezo almuerzo consigo
tú empiezas almuerzas consigas
ud., él, ella empieza almuerza consige
nostros empezamos
almorzamos
conseguimos
uds., ellos, ellas
empiezan almuerzan consigan
Stem Changers
Changing the vowels to go with who ever you are speaking to
I > ieO> ueE> i
Means “for”
Gracias por la información.Thanks for the information.
Este regalo es para Juan.This gift is for Juan.
Para
me (me)te (you-familiar)le (him, her, you-formal)
nos (us)os (you-all-familiar)les (them, you-all-formal)
Tells what direct object is doing EX: Juan me compra un regalo. -> Juan buys a gift for me
Indirect Object Pronouns
Attached to infinitve, gerund, before conjugated verb, affirmative command
Me.te.le.nos.os.les
comer
Pronoun Placement
Means “to like”
Me gusta el libro. I like the book.
Te gusta el libro.You like the book.
Nos gusta el libro.We like the book.
Me gustan los libros.I like the books.
Te gustan los libros.You like the books.
Nos gustan los libros.We like the books.
Gustar
Affirmative: start with a Algo : something
Algiuen : someone Alguno : some
Siempre : always Tambíen : also
Affirmative & Negative Words
Negative: start with nNada : nothing Nadie : no oneNingun : noneNunca : never Tampoco : either, neither
To add more emphasis on a word drop last vowel and add ísimo(a)
La idea de Rosa es interesantísima -> Rosas idea is very interesting
When last consonant is c, g, or z spelling changes
C > qu
G > gu
Z > c
Superlativos
Reflect actioin being done
llamarse - to call oneself
¿Cómo se llama usted?What do you call yourself?
Me llamo Juan.I call myself Juan.
lavar
yo lavotú lavasél, ella, usted lavanosotros/as lavamosvosotros/as laváisellos, ellas, ustedes lavan
Reflexivos
Use pronouns to indicate who is doing itMe,te,se,nos,os,se
decir – di, no des salir – sal, no salgas,sepas
hacer – haz, no hagas ser – sé, no seas
ir – ve, no vayas tener – ten, no tengas
poner – pon, no pongo venir – ven, no vengas
Affirmative and Negative Tú Commands & Irregs
irregulars
Affirmative drop s Negative put in yo form, change to opposite vowel add s Comerla!No la comes!
Primero > first
Entonces >then
Luego > later
Despues > after
Por fin > finally
Antes de, despues de > before and after
Por la manana/tarde/noche > during the..
Los lunes..etc > on mondays…etc
Sequencing Events
Ar verbs: e, aste, o, amos , aron
Er/Ir : i, iste, io, imos, ieron
Talking about past tense action
Preterite
ayer yesterday
anteayer the day before yesterday
pasado last
de repente suddenly
una vez once / one time
anoche last night
anteanoche the night before last
por fin finally
en seguida right away
inmediatamente immediately
Trigger Words
• Tocar Jugar Comenzar
• Toque, toce jugue comence
• Tocaste jugaste comenzaste
• Toco jugo comenzo
• Tocamos jugamos comenzamos
• Tocaron jugaron comenzaron
Car, Gar, Zar Preterites
Saying “should” conjugate deber plus an infinitive.
Deber
Deber Infinitive
tener que to have to
deber to have to / must
hay que it is necessary to
querer to want / wish for
poder to be able to / can
Modal Verbs
When stem of verb er/ir end in vowel change to iendo or yendo to form present participle
Leer-leyendo
Oir-oyendo
Pedir-pidiendo
Servir-sirviendo
Present progressives
Add mente to adjective makes it an adverb
With o ending change to feminine or e just add mente
Ending in consonant add mente
Lento- lentamente
Rapido-rapidamente
Adverbs
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