Colton Marschal

Grammar Book

1. Nacionalidades

2. Stem changers

3. Para

4. Iops

5. Pronoun placement

6. Gustar

7. Affirmative & Negative words

8. Superlatives

9. Reflexives

10.Affirmative, Negative tu commands & irregulars

11.Sequencing Events

Table of Contents

Nacionalidades

empezarto begin (somethi

ng)

almorzarto east lunch

conseguirto obtain

change e to ie o to ue e to i

yo empiezo almuerzo consigo

tú empiezas almuerzas consigas

ud., él, ella empieza almuerza consige

nostros empezamos

almorzamos

conseguimos

uds., ellos, ellas

empiezan almuerzan consigan

Stem Changers

Changing the vowels to go with who ever you are speaking to

I > ieO> ueE> i

Means “for”

Gracias por la información.Thanks for the information.

Este regalo es para Juan.This gift is for Juan.

Para

me (me)te (you-familiar)le (him, her, you-formal)

nos (us)os (you-all-familiar)les (them, you-all-formal)

Tells what direct object is doing EX: Juan me compra un regalo. -> Juan buys a gift for me

Indirect Object Pronouns

Attached to infinitve, gerund, before conjugated verb, affirmative command

Me.te.le.nos.os.les

comer

Pronoun Placement

Means “to like”

Me gusta el libro. I like the book.

Te gusta el libro.You like the book.

Nos gusta el libro.We like the book.

Me gustan los libros.I like the books.

Te gustan los libros.You like the books.

Nos gustan los libros.We like the books.

Gustar

Affirmative: start with a Algo : something

Algiuen : someone Alguno : some

Siempre : always Tambíen : also

Affirmative & Negative Words

Negative: start with nNada : nothing Nadie : no oneNingun : noneNunca : never Tampoco : either, neither

To add more emphasis on a word drop last vowel and add ísimo(a)

La idea de Rosa es interesantísima -> Rosas idea is very interesting

When last consonant is c, g, or z spelling changes

C > qu

G > gu

Z > c

Superlativos

Reflect actioin being done

llamarse - to call oneself

¿Cómo se llama usted?What do you call yourself?

Me llamo Juan.I call myself Juan.

lavar

yo lavotú lavasél, ella, usted lavanosotros/as lavamosvosotros/as laváisellos, ellas, ustedes lavan

Reflexivos

Use pronouns to indicate who is doing itMe,te,se,nos,os,se

decir – di, no des salir – sal, no salgas,sepas

hacer – haz, no hagas ser – sé, no seas

ir – ve, no vayas tener – ten, no tengas

poner – pon, no pongo venir – ven, no vengas

Affirmative and Negative Tú Commands & Irregs

irregulars

Affirmative drop s Negative put in yo form, change to opposite vowel add s Comerla!No la comes!

Primero > first

Entonces >then

Luego > later

Despues > after

Por fin > finally

Antes de, despues de > before and after

Por la manana/tarde/noche > during the..

Los lunes..etc > on mondays…etc

Sequencing Events

Ar verbs: e, aste, o, amos , aron

Er/Ir : i, iste, io, imos, ieron

Talking about past tense action

Preterite

ayer yesterday

anteayer the day before yesterday

pasado last

de repente suddenly

una vez once / one time

anoche last night

anteanoche the night before last

por fin finally

en seguida right away

inmediatamente immediately

Trigger Words

• Tocar Jugar Comenzar

• Toque, toce jugue comence

• Tocaste jugaste comenzaste

• Toco jugo comenzo

• Tocamos jugamos comenzamos

• Tocaron jugaron comenzaron

Car, Gar, Zar Preterites

Saying “should” conjugate deber plus an infinitive.

Deber

Deber Infinitive

tener que to have to

deber to have to / must

hay que it is necessary to

querer to want / wish for

poder to be able to / can

Modal Verbs

When stem of verb er/ir end in vowel change to iendo or yendo to form present participle

Leer-leyendo

Oir-oyendo

Pedir-pidiendo

Servir-sirviendo

Present progressives

Add mente to adjective makes it an adverb

With o ending change to feminine or e just add mente

Ending in consonant add mente

Lento- lentamente

Rapido-rapidamente

Adverbs