Group 2:Current Focus on Information System Use
Roha Mukhtar (16) Iqra Aziz (20) Afifa Mukhtar (31) Komal Mehmood (38) Nabila Mukhtar (39) Maryam Tahir (60)
Information System.
Set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide feedback mechanism to meet an objective.
Complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and distribute data.
Example: (TPS) System that performs or records daily routine transactions such as sales order entry, employee record keeping.
Global Information System An information system which is developed and or
used in a global context.
Information system which attempts to deliver the totality of measurable data worldwide within a defined context.
System that serves organizations in multiple countries Used by multinational corporations
(continued….)
Hardware - documentation Software – user interface Data – sharing People – language, relationships Procedures – values, expectations
Reasons For Going Global Allows organization to operate efficiently and
effectively in countries beyond where they started or are primarily located
Allows organization to take advantage of cheaper labor where it is available
Allows organization to take advantage of skilled labor where it is available.
the Internet and the Web make global interaction much easier.
the Web and Internet also offer the opportunity for large cost reductions over more traditional ways of doing business
Problems In Implementing GIS. Global information systems face challenges
Technological barriersRegulations and tariffsElectronic payment mechanismsDifferent language and cultureEconomic and political considerationsDifferent measurement standardsLegal barriers
Technological Challenges.
Not all countries have adequate information technology infrastructures
Unable to build international IS Broadband communication lines needed Can offer two versions of Websites to
compensate for slower bandwidth
Regulations & Tarrif.
Countries have different importing regulations
Executives reluctant because of hassles
Comply with laws of destination countries
NextLinx help importers and exporters for Web commerce by providing tariffs, customs delay information, license requirements, etc.
Differences in Payment Mechanism
E-commerce allows easy payment for online purchases
Credit cards preferred payment method in North America
Not all countries adopt this preferenceJapanese avoid using credit cards
Language Differences
International parties must agree on common language
Data not transmittable internationally because information must be translated
English considered de facto international language
Largest companies translate Web sites into local languages
Cultural Differences
Different countries vary
TastesGesturesTreatment of peopleEthical issues
Conservative groups against “Americanization” Web designers must be sensitive to cultural
differences
Political Challenges
Information is power Some countries oppose policy of free access
to informationGives other nations opportunity to control
indigenous resources Government may require software to be
purchased within borders Government may limit Internet use
Strategies of Implementing GIS Multinational strategy
Development teams derived from subsidiaries Global strategy
Development teams derived from parent location International
Development teams can travel from parent to subsidiaries Transnational strategy
Development team includes members from both parent and subsidiaries
Any Ambiguity……?
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