Group 2:Current Focus on Information System Use

Roha Mukhtar (16) Iqra Aziz (20) Afifa Mukhtar (31) Komal Mehmood (38) Nabila Mukhtar (39) Maryam Tahir (60)

Information System.

Set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide feedback mechanism to meet an objective.

 Complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and distribute data.

Example: (TPS) System that performs or records daily routine transactions such as sales order entry, employee record keeping. 

Global Information System An information system which is developed and or

used in a global context.

Information system which attempts to deliver the totality of measurable data worldwide within a defined context.

System that serves organizations in multiple countries Used by multinational corporations

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Hardware - documentation Software – user interface Data – sharing People – language, relationships Procedures – values, expectations

Reasons For Going Global Allows organization to operate efficiently and

effectively in countries beyond where they started or are primarily located

Allows organization to take advantage of cheaper labor where it is available

Allows organization to take advantage of skilled labor where it is available.

the Internet and the Web make global interaction much easier.

the Web and Internet also offer the opportunity for large cost reductions over more traditional ways of doing business

Problems In Implementing GIS. Global information systems face challenges

Technological barriersRegulations and tariffsElectronic payment mechanismsDifferent language and cultureEconomic and political considerationsDifferent measurement standardsLegal barriers

Technological Challenges.

Not all countries have adequate information technology infrastructures

Unable to build international IS Broadband communication lines needed Can offer two versions of Websites to

compensate for slower bandwidth

Regulations & Tarrif.

Countries have different importing regulations

Executives reluctant because of hassles

Comply with laws of destination countries

NextLinx help importers and exporters for Web commerce by providing tariffs, customs delay information, license requirements, etc.

Differences in Payment Mechanism

E-commerce allows easy payment for online purchases

Credit cards preferred payment method in North America

Not all countries adopt this preferenceJapanese avoid using credit cards

Language Differences

International parties must agree on common language

Data not transmittable internationally because information must be translated

English considered de facto international language

Largest companies translate Web sites into local languages

Cultural Differences

Different countries vary

TastesGesturesTreatment of peopleEthical issues

Conservative groups against “Americanization” Web designers must be sensitive to cultural

differences

Political Challenges

Information is power Some countries oppose policy of free access

to informationGives other nations opportunity to control

indigenous resources Government may require software to be

purchased within borders Government may limit Internet use

Strategies of Implementing GIS Multinational strategy

Development teams derived from subsidiaries Global strategy

Development teams derived from parent location International

Development teams can travel from parent to subsidiaries Transnational strategy

Development team includes members from both parent and subsidiaries

Any Ambiguity……?