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YAMNA HASHMIYAMNA HASHMIROLL NO. 35
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ileDelinq
ileDelinqu
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Juvenile
delinquency
YOUTH
CRIME
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BASICBASICUNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDING
Juvenile delinquency refers primarilyto social acts of juveniles (youth)against the law and social norms.
Juvenile delinquency has become aglobal issue and its spreading allover the world.
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AGE BRACKET OFAGE BRACKET OFJUVENILESJUVENILES
The 16- to 20-year age group,considered adult in many places, hasone of the highest incidences of
serious crime.
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A high proportion of adult criminals havea background of early delinquency.
Youth crime is a major issue and is an
aspect of crime which does not receiveattention from the news media andpoliticians.
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WHO IS AT RISK?WHO IS AT RISK? Young people who are at risk of
becoming delinquent often live indifficult circumstances.
Children who for various reasonsincluding
parental alcoholism,
poverty,
breakdown of the family,
overcrowding, abusive conditions in the home,
the growing HIV/AIDS scourge, or the
death of parents during armed.
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SANASANA
RASHIDRASHID Roll No. 37
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CAUSES OFCAUSES OFJUVENILEJUVENILE
DELINQUENCYDELINQUENCY
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Cultural FactorsCultural Factors The intensity and severity of juvenile
offences are generally determined by thesocial, economic and cultural conditionsprevailing in a country.
There is evidence of a universal increase injuvenile crime taking place concurrently
with economic decline.
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Street children later become
young offenders, havingalready encountered
violence in their immediate
social environment aseither witnesses or victimsof violent acts.
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Economic andEconomic andSocial FactorsSocial Factors
Socio-economic instability is oftenlinked to persistent unemploymentand low incomes among the young,
which can increase the likelihood oftheir involvement in criminal activity.
Delinquent behavior often occurs in social settings in which the norms for acceptable behavior have broken
down.
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UrbanizationUrbanization
One of the reasons fordelinquent behavior istherefore an excessive focus on
proposed goals (achievingsuccess) coupled withinsufficient means to achieve
them. Some juveniles, cognizant of the
limitations imposed by legal
behavior, come under the
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Many young people retreat into the confines of their own groups and resort to drug use for psychological or emotional escape. The use of alcohol and illegal drug by juveniles is one cause of
delinquency, as they are oftencompelled to commit crime (usuallytheft) to obtain the cash needed tosupport their substance use.
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Geographical analysis suggeststhat countries with moreurbanized populations have
higher registered crime ratesthan do those with strong rurallifestyles and communities.
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TAJJALLEE JAVEDTAJJALLEE JAVED
ROLL NO. 22
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DysfunctionalDysfunctionalFamiliesFamilies
Studies show that children whoreceive adequate parentalsupervision are less likely to
engage in criminal activities. Dysfunctional family settings
characterized by conflict,inadequate parental control,
weak internal linkages andintegration, and prematureautonomyare closely associated
with juvenile delinquency.
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Children in disadvantaged familiesthat have few opportunities for
legitimate employment and face ahigher risk of social exclusion areoverrepresented among offenders.
A study carried out in prisons in theUnited States reveals that familiesinvolved in criminal activities tend topush their younger memberstowards violating the law.
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Media InfluenceMedia Influence
People who watch violence tend tobehave more aggressively or
violently. Media bring an individual to violence
in three ways:
TV ,Movies, Magazines, Internet
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Studies show that the act oflabeling may lead to the self-
adoption of a delinquent image,which later results in delinquentactivity.
The American PsychologicalAssociation has reviewed theevidence and has concluded that
television violence accounts forabout 10 per cent of aggressivebehavior among children.
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Peer InfluencePeer Influence
A number of studies have shownthat juvenile gang membersconsider their group a family.
This results in youth becoming moreprone towards delinquentbehavior due to the social pressureof their age-mates.
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Other Factors
In Pakistan, money, land, sexual assault,illiteracy, honor killing, old enmity, and
drug are the other main factors causingjuvenile delinquency.
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IMPACTS OF JUVENILEIMPACTS OF JUVENILE
DELINQUENCYDELINQUENCY
Legal term
Gang activities
Effect on familyEffect on the victims
Effect on the delinquent
Influence from neighbor hoodpsychological research
Effect on society
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Legal termsLegal terms
Refers as criminal acts performed byjuvenile
Legal terms for criminal behaviour
carried out by minors
Traced in early times
Authorities became aware and
attended to this issue
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Gang activitiesGang activities Most felonious activities are usually done in a
group illicit acts that would make their group famous.
EXAMPLE :
illicit acts that would make their groupfamous.throw rocks or bottles at their rivals; while some
use deadly weapons like knives and ice picks for
the sake of hurting.It is even more dangerous for civilian people
who just happened to be around at that place.
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Effect on familiesEffect on families Juveniles become delinquent is the misfortune of
being a child of a single parent, whetherbecause of divorce, separation or may bedeath.
The family has to face the ethical issues of
responsibility to the victims of the child's c With onlyone parent a child may receive only
halfthe guidance given by two parents.
Life of a child of a single parent is very much
different
It becomes very difficult when a relationshipdissolves because the child usuallyunexpectedly given responsibility of one
arent.
Eff t th j ilEff t th j il
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Effect on the juvenileEffect on the juveniledelinquentdelinquent
DDrug
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DrugDruginfluenceinfluence
Poor relations with parents, feelings ofdepression, and exposure to drug-usingpeers are most important for initiation
into illicit drugs other than marihuana. Drug abuse refers to the intense desire to
take drugs at the exclusion of other
activities, and dependence occurs whenthe body becomes physically dependent onan illicit substance.
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Effect on societyEffect on society
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Preema tasisPreema tasis
Roll no. 05
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JUVENILEDELINQUENCY
IN THEGLOBALL
WORLD
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THE TABLE ISSHOWNG THATCASES PER 1000JUVENILES INDIFFERENT AGE
GROUPS.ESTIMATES CANBE TAKEN FROMTHAE FOLLOWNGTABLE THAT HOWMUCH JUVENILESARE BEINGINVOLVED
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JUVENILE DELINQUENCY INJUVENILE DELINQUENCY INPAKISTANPAKISTAN
T l
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Q CJUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN
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JUVENILE DELINQUENCY INJUVENILE DELINQUENCY ININDIAINDIA
The rate of crime has increased marginallyfrom 14.7 during the year 2006 to 16.3during 2007
A total of 34,527 juveniles were
apprehended during 2007 out of which32,671 were boys and 1,856 were girls.
Tripura and Andhra Pradesh were the toptwo States in the order of crime rate at
30.7 and 30.3 respectively.
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY INJUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN
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JUVENILE DELINQUENCY INJUVENILE DELINQUENCY INRUSSIARUSSIA
The rate of crimes annually committedby the Russian street teenagers isalso high and exceeds 100,000
RATE OF INCRAESE IS 13.3 DURINGLAST YEAR
16.6 PERCENT OF CASES ARE BEENREPORTED
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HUMAHUMA
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Juvenile DelinquencyJuvenile Delinquency
PreventionPrevention
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Community Involvement
Girl and boy scouts and volunteer groups allinvolve within a community interact in a safesocial environment.
Drug Prevention
The vast majority of juvenile are determinedto be involved in drug use or sales.
Parent-Child Interaction TrainingProgram
It takes approximately 12 weeks toeducating them on how best to respond totheir child's behavior.
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Bullying Prevention Program The program succeeds in creating a safer,
less hostile environment for students.
The Nebraska Correctional Youth Facility
(NCYF) is an example of a successfuljuvenile detention facility.
Functional Family Therapy (FFT)
The FFT program helps adolescents onprobation.
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Effects The ultimate effects of a more wide
ranging, broadly encompassing juvenile
delinquency prevention is a reduction inthe rate of young people who end up introuble, including with drugs and the
judicial system.
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Researchers have concluded that youngpeople who watch violence tend to behavemore aggressively.
This is mainly characteristic of 8- to 12-year-old boys.
Over time, television indirectly leadschildren to view violence.
Special measures are needed ; the media, asthe main source of information, andround-table discussions should beorganized.
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Summary
Recent research has provided someencouraging evidence that prevention
programs can prevent juvenile delinquency. There is some evidence that parent training
programs can reduce the emergence of childbehavior problems up to 8 years.
Structural family therapy can preventdelinquency.
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AREEBA HAIDERAREEBA HAIDERROLL NO 59
JUVENILE JUSTICEJUVENILE JUSTICE
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JUVENILE JUSTICEJUVENILE JUSTICESYSTEMSYSTEM
q Network of agencies that deal with juveniles whoseconduct has come in conflict with the law.
q It operates according to the premise that youth arefundamentally different than adults, both in
terms of level of responsibility and potential forrehabilitation.
q The treatment and successful reintegration of youthinto society are the primary goals of the juvenilejustice system
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JUVENILE COURTJUVENILE COURT
special court or department of a trial court whichdeals with under-age defendants charged withcrimes or who are neglected or out of the control
of their parents. The procedure in juvenile court is not always
adversarial, although the minor is entitled tolegal representation by a lawyer
A juvenile court handles case of delinquency and
dependency
Salient features ofSa ent eatures o
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Salient features ofSa ent eatures ojuvenile justicejuvenile justicesystemsystem
If a child is a national asset, it is the duty of the stateto look after the child with a view to ensure fulldevelopment of its personality.
The guardian of an arrested juvenile shall be informed as early as possible after the arrest. A child arrested for a non-bailable offence must be
produced before juvenile court within 24 hours,while a child arrested for a bailable offence mustbe released on bail even without surety
Salient features ofSa ent eatures o
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Salient features ofSa ent eatures ojuvenile justicejuvenile justicesystemsystem
The State shall protect the bestinterests of the child throughmeasures that will ensure theobservance of internationalstandards of child protection.
The State likewise recognizes the rightof children to children toassistance, including proper careand nutrition
How to Improve theHow to Impro
ve t e
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How to Improve theHow to Improve t eJuvenile CriminalJuvenile CriminalJustice SystemJustice System
qExpand available post-releaseprograms for juvenile offenders.Juveniles who are incarcerated or
detained away from the community for even a
fairly short time
qface challenges reintegrating.
qDevelop more community-basedprograms for juvenile offenders inlieu of detention.
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q
qIncrease the number of educationaland job training programs available
to young people within the juvenile justice system.
qUtilize more dual treatment programs and facilities for juvenile offenders.
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