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MOTION:Are the UNFCCC and Kyoto
Protocol effective global
responses against climate
change?
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Three key points
1st: Kyoto Protocol and UNFCCC are global
responses to climate change
2nd: Kyoto Protocol and UNFCCC are effective
global responses to climate change
3rd: There are evidences showing that Kyoto
Protocol and UNFCCC are effective global
responses to climate change
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First point
Kyoto Protocol and UNFCCC
are global responses toclimate change
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Global response
Climate change is a global issue which
requires a long term global response, such as
the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol.
The main international means to address
climate change is the UNFCCC. -OECD
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UNFCCC
stabilization of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level
that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system
to adapt naturally to climate change, to
ensure that food production is not threatened
and to enable economic development toproceed in a sustainable manner
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Kyoto Protocol
Quantified the commitments of the UNFCCC, i.e.to reduce GHG emissions at 5% below 1991 levels(first commitment period 2008-2012)
The only legally binding treaty to reduce GHGemissions
Signed by 193 parties, ratified by the same exceptthe US
Came into force in Feb 2005, upon ratification byRussia (satisfied 55 countries, 55% GHGemissions)
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Second point
Kyoto Protocol and UNFCCC
are effective globalresponses to climate
change
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Effective
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Effective
Effectiveness relates the input or the outputto the final objectives to be achieved, i.e. theoutcome.
The outcome is often linked to welfare or
growth objectives and therefore may beinfluenced by multiple factors (includingoutputs but also exogenous 'environment'
factors). The effectiveness shows the success of the
resources used in achieving the objectives set.
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GHGs covered
Carbon dioxide (C02)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N20) Hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6)
Flexibility mechanism
Joint Implementation
International Emissions
Trading
Clean Development
Mechanism
Allows for the
achievement of targetsin various ways
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GHG inventory mechanism
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Importance
Consequences and costs of policy inaction will
be significant. To slow and then limit climate
change will require an international effort
over the long term. -OECD
Reducing GHG emissions is essential in
slowing/ stopping/ reversing global warming.
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Third point
There are evidences
showing that KyotoProtocol and UNFCCC are
effective global responsesto climate change
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Decrease in GHG Emissions
The emissions of ozone depleting substances(ODS) controlled under the Montreal Protocol ,which are also GHGs, have declined significantlysince the 1990s. By 2004 the emissions of these
gases were about 20% of their 1990 level. A range of policies, including those on climate
change, energy security , and sustainabledevelopment, have been effective in reducing
GHG emissions in different sectors and manycountries.
(WGIII, AR4)
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Second Commitment Period of KP
Agreed upon in Durban, South Africa byCOP17 in December 2011, the DurbanPlatform
Improvements, e.g. increased incentives Incorporates proposed amendments, i.e.
inclusion of developing countries such as
China, India, Brazil A legal accord and instrument applicable to all
countries
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Conclusion
The UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol requires
complementary policies and mechanisms
rather than a catch all, do all type of policy.
It may be judged as imperfect and insufficient,
but it is a milestone in climate policy.
Having such global policy is a good start and is
better than not having a global policy at all.
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Are the UNFCCC and KyotoProtocol effective global
responses against climatechange?