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MOTION:Are the UNFCCC and Kyoto

Protocol effective global

responses against climate

change?

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Three key points

1st: Kyoto Protocol and UNFCCC are global

responses to climate change

2nd: Kyoto Protocol and UNFCCC are effective

global responses to climate change

3rd: There are evidences showing that Kyoto

Protocol and UNFCCC are effective global

responses to climate change

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First point

Kyoto Protocol and UNFCCC

are global responses toclimate change

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Global response

Climate change is a global issue which

requires a long term global response, such as

the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol.

The main international means to address

climate change is the UNFCCC. -OECD

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UNFCCC

stabilization of greenhouse gas

concentrations in the atmosphere at a level

that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic

interference with the climate system

to adapt naturally to climate change, to

ensure that food production is not threatened

and to enable economic development toproceed in a sustainable manner

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Kyoto Protocol

Quantified the commitments of the UNFCCC, i.e.to reduce GHG emissions at 5% below 1991 levels(first commitment period 2008-2012)

The only legally binding treaty to reduce GHGemissions

Signed by 193 parties, ratified by the same exceptthe US

Came into force in Feb 2005, upon ratification byRussia (satisfied 55 countries, 55% GHGemissions)

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Second point

Kyoto Protocol and UNFCCC

are effective globalresponses to climate

change

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Effective

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Effective

Effectiveness relates the input or the outputto the final objectives to be achieved, i.e. theoutcome.

The outcome is often linked to welfare or

growth objectives and therefore may beinfluenced by multiple factors (includingoutputs but also exogenous 'environment'

factors). The effectiveness shows the success of the

resources used in achieving the objectives set.

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GHGs covered

Carbon dioxide (C02)

Methane (CH4)

Nitrous oxide (N20) Hydrofluorocarbons

(HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Sulfur hexafluoride

(SF6)

Flexibility mechanism

Joint Implementation

International Emissions

Trading

Clean Development

Mechanism

Allows for the

achievement of targetsin various ways

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GHG inventory mechanism

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Importance

Consequences and costs of policy inaction will

be significant. To slow and then limit climate

change will require an international effort

over the long term. -OECD

Reducing GHG emissions is essential in

slowing/ stopping/ reversing global warming.

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Third point

There are evidences

showing that KyotoProtocol and UNFCCC are

effective global responsesto climate change

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Decrease in GHG Emissions

The emissions of ozone depleting substances(ODS) controlled under the Montreal Protocol ,which are also GHGs, have declined significantlysince the 1990s. By 2004 the emissions of these

gases were about 20% of their 1990 level. A range of policies, including those on climate

change, energy security , and sustainabledevelopment, have been effective in reducing

GHG emissions in different sectors and manycountries.

(WGIII, AR4)

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Second Commitment Period of KP

Agreed upon in Durban, South Africa byCOP17 in December 2011, the DurbanPlatform

Improvements, e.g. increased incentives Incorporates proposed amendments, i.e.

inclusion of developing countries such as

China, India, Brazil A legal accord and instrument applicable to all

countries

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Conclusion

The UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol requires

complementary policies and mechanisms

rather than a catch all, do all type of policy.

It may be judged as imperfect and insufficient,

but it is a milestone in climate policy.

Having such global policy is a good start and is

better than not having a global policy at all.

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Are the UNFCCC and KyotoProtocol effective global

responses against climatechange?