Volt VARControl&Optimization
BobUluskiQuantaTechnology
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
WhatisVoltVARcontrol? VoltVARcontrol(VVC)isafundamentaloperatingrequirementofall
electricdistributionsystems
TheprimepurposeofVVCistomaintainacceptablevoltageatallpointsalongthedistributionfeederunderallloadingconditions
LTC
Primary Feeder
SUBSTATION
Primary Feeder
Secondary
Distribution Transformer
Service Drop WiresFirst
Customer
Last Customer
Customer
Voltage
3 volts Primary
2 volts distribution transformer
1 volt secondary
1 volt service drop
122
119117116
First Customer
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Distance
115 Last CustomerANSI C84.1 Lower Limit (114 volts)114
WhatisVoltVARcontrol? WithoutVVC:
Voltagemightbeokayduringaverageload
Transformer T P i i
120V
126VTap Position
114V
D
S E F
F C L C
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
S
WhatisVoltVARcontrol? WithoutVVC:
voltagemightdroopbelowtheminimumacceptablelevelforsomecustomersduringheavyloadperiods
Transformer T P i i
120V
126VTap Position
114VLow Voltage
D
S E F
F C L C
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
S
WhatisVoltVARcontrol? WithoutVVC:
Couldraisethemanualtapsettingonthesubstationtransformertocorrect the peak load problemcorrectthepeakloadproblem
Transformer Tap Position
120V
126V
114V
D
S E F
F C L C
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
S
WhatisVoltVARcontrol? WithoutVVC:
Butwhenfeederloadinginlight,highvoltagecouldbeaproblem at the substation end of the feederproblematthesubstationendofthefeeder
Transformer Tap Position High Voltage
120V
126V
114V
D
S E F
F C L C
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
S
WhatisVoltVARcontrol? WithoutVVC:
Butwhenfeederloadinginlight,highvoltagecouldbe a problem at the substation end of the feeder
N VVAR
C S
beaproblematthesubstationendofthefeeder
Transformer Tap Position
120V
126V
114V
D
S E F
F C L C
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
S
VVC=VoltageRegulation+ReactivePowerCompensation
Use voltage regulators (Vregs) or transformers with load tap changers Usevoltageregulators(Vregs)ortransformerswithloadtapchangers(LTCs) thatautomatically raiseorlowerthevoltageinresponsetochangesinload
Use capacitor banks to supply some of the reactive power that would Usecapacitorbanks tosupplysomeofthereactivepowerthatwouldotherwisebedrawnfromthesupplysubstations
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
D
SS
E F
VVCinTodaysOperatingEnvironment(andTomorrowsOperatingEnvironmentToo!)
Maintainingthestatusquo nolongeracceptable UtilitiesareseekingtodomorewithVVCthanjustkeeping
voltagewithintheallowablelimits
S t ti i ti i i t t t f th l Systemoptimization isanimportantpartofthenormaloperatingstrategyundersmartgrid
AspenetrationofintermittentrenewablegeneratingAs penetration of intermittent renewable generatingresourcesgrowsinfuture,highspeeddynamicvoltVARcontrolwillplayasignificantroleinmaintainingpowerquality and voltage stability on the distribution feedersqualityandvoltagestabilityonthedistributionfeeders
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
VoltVARControlinaSmartGridWorld
ExpandedobjectivesforVoltVARcontrolinclude Basic requirement maintain acceptable voltageBasicrequirement maintainacceptablevoltage SupportmajorSmartGridobjectives:
Accomplishenergyconservationff ( d h l l ) Improveefficiency(reducetechnicallosses)
Promoteaselfhealinggrid(VVCplaysaroleinmaintainingvoltageafterselfhealinghasoccurred)
Enable idespread deplo ment of Distrib ted generation Rene ables EnablewidespreaddeploymentofDistributedgeneration,Renewables,Energystorage,andotherdistributedenergyresources
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
RequirementsfortheIdealVoltVARSystem
MaintainAcceptableVoltageProfile atallpointsalongthedistributionfeederunderallloadingconditions
MaintainAcceptablePowerFactor underallloadingconditions ProvideSelfMonitoring alertdispatcherwhenavoltVARdevice
f ilfails
AllowOperatorOverride duringsystememergencies Work correctly following Feeder ReconfigurationWorkcorrectlyfollowingFeederReconfiguration AccommodateDistributedEnergyResources ProvideOptimalCoordinatedControl ofallVoltVARdevices AllowSelectableOperatingObjectives asdifferentneedsarise
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Approaches to Volt VAR ControlApproachestoVoltVARControl
Traditional ApproachTraditionalApproach
DLA Master Station
Switched Capacitor Bank
SCADA Volt VARDistribution
SCADA
Distribution Power Flow
p
SCADAVoltVAR
Integrated Volt VAR
IVVCApplication
Substation RTU
Line Regulator
IntegratedVoltVARSubstationCapacitor Bank
Substation TransformerWith Load
Tap Changer
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
TraditionalVoltVARControl
Current/VoltageSensor
CapacitorBank
Distribution Primary LineCurrent/Voltage
Sensor
Voltage R l tBank
"Local" Current/Voltage
Measurements On/Off Control Command
Regulator
"Local" Current/Voltage
Measurements On/Off Control Command
Standalone Controller
CommandSignal Standalone
Controller
CommandSignal
VoltVARflowsmanagedbyindividual,independent,standalonevoltVARregulatingdevices:
Substation transformer load tap changers (LTCs) Substationtransformerloadtapchangers(LTCs) Linevoltageregulators Fixedandswitchedcapacitorbanks
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Limitations of Traditional ApproachLimitationsofTraditionalApproach
Power factor correction/loss reductionPowerfactorcorrection/lossreduction Manytraditionalcapbankcontrollershavevoltagecontrol (switch on when voltage is low)control(switchonwhenvoltageislow)
Reactivepowercontrollersavailable,butexpensive(needtoaddCT) Goodatmaintainingacceptablevoltage Good at PF correction during peak load seasons may not come on at all GoodatPFcorrectionduringpeakloadseasonsmaynotcomeonatallduringoffpeakseasons
ResultisthatPFisusuallygreat(nearunity)duringpeakloadperiodsandlowduringoffpeakseasons(higherelectricallosses)g p ( g )
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
MonitoringofSwitchedCapacitorBankfPerformance
Switched capacitor banks are notorious forSwitchedcapacitorbanksarenotoriousforbeingoutofserviceduetoblownfuses,etc.
With traditional scheme switched capacitor Withtraditionalscheme,switchedcapacitorbankcouldbeoutofserviceforextendedperiods without operator knowingperiodswithoutoperatorknowing LosseshigherifcapbankisoutofserviceR i i i d d? Routineinspectionsneeded?
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
TraditionalVoltageRegulationStrategy
LineDropCompensationaccountsforvaryingload
Wh l d th h ltLTC
Whenloadthroughvoltageregulatorishigh,voltagedropalongthefeederwillbehigh
LTC i lt t
SUBSTATION
Primary Feeder
Secondary
Distribution Transformer
Service Drop WiresFirst
LTCraisesvoltagetocompensate
Thisapproachworkswellwhenll f d l d th h th
Last Customer
Customer
Voltage
allfeederloadpassesthroughthevoltageregulator
3 volts Primary
2 volts distribution transformer
1 volt secondary
1 volt service drop
122
119117116115
First Customer
Last Customer
Distance
Last CustomerANSI C84.1 Lower Limit (114 volts)114
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
VoltageRegulationProblemWhenLargeDGUnitisIntroduced
WithalargeDRoutonthe feeder load throughthefeeder,loadthroughVregwillbereduced
Vreqthinksloadislightonthefeeder
Vreglowerstapsettingtoavoidlightload,highvoltagecondition
This action makes theThisactionmakestheactualheavyload,lowvoltageconditionevenworse
DMS that accounts for DMSthataccountsforDGaffectscanmaketheproperraise/lowerdecisionbasedontotalfeeder conditions
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
feederconditions
VoltageRegulationDuringAlternateFeedConfiguration
Olderstylevoltageregulatorswereoftendesignedtohandleapurelyradialsituation powerflowalwaysfromthesamedirection(fromthesubstation)
OlderstyleVregsmaynotworkcorrectlyifpowerflowisfromtheoppositedirection(seeexample)
Couldraisevoltagewhenduringlightload,creatinghighvoltagesituation Couldlowervoltagewhenduringheavyload,creatinglowvoltagesituation
Feederreconfigurationmaybecomeamorefrequentoccurrencedueto Loadtransferredtoanotherfeederduringservicerestoration(FLISR)g ( ) Optimalnetworkreconfigurationtoreducelosses(DMSapplication)
Vreg not bi-directional
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Incorrect Operation!
UseofBidirectionalVoltageRegulator
CanUseBidirectionalvoltageregulatorcontrollertohandlefeederreconfiguration
Thesemaketheoppositetappositionmovementwhenflowisfromthereversedirectiondirection
Vreg bi-directional
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Correct Operation!
Reverse Power Flow with DGReversePowerFlowwithDG ADGofsufficientsizecanreverse
powerflow BidirectionalVoltageRegulator
Vreg bi-directional
g gmaynotworkcorrectly
DGdoesnottypicallyprovideasourcestrengthstrongerthanthesubstation
Direction of Power Flow
1.0 1.0
Normal Load
DG
substation. Substationsidevoltagedoesnot
change, DGsidechangesE ith Bidi ti l V
Direction of Power Flow
Normal Load
VsVl
Vl = Vs
EvenwithBidirectionalVreg,couldwinduploweringthevoltageonaportionorthefeederduringheavyload
diti
.901.0Increased
Load
Vs VlVl = Vs x .90
DG
conditions Conclusion: Needamore
sophisticatedvoltagecontrolstrategywhenDGpenetrationis
Vl
Incorrect Operation!
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
largeenoughtoreversepowerflow
LimitationsofTraditionalVoltVARControl
Current/VoltageSensor
CapacitorBank
Distribution Primary LineCurrent/Voltage
Sensor
Voltage R l tBank
"Local" Current/Voltage
Measurements On/Off Control Command
Regulator
"Local" Current/Voltage
Measurements On/Off Control Command
Standalone Controller
CommandSignal Standalone
Controller
CommandSignal
Thesystemisnotcontinuouslymonitored Thesystemlacksflexibilitytorespondtochangingconditionsoutonthe
distribution feeders can misoperate following automatic reconfigurationdistributionfeeders canmisoperatefollowingautomaticreconfiguration Systemoperationmaynotbeoptimalunderallconditions Cannotoverridetraditionaloperationduringpowersystememergencies
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Systemmaymisoperatewhenmoderngriddevices(e.g.,distributedgenerators)arepresent reversepowerflowfromDGcantrickstandalonecontrollertobelievefeederhasbeenreconfigured
ScorecardforTraditionalVoltVAR
V lt VAR R i t Traditional Volt-Volt VAR Requirements Traditional VoltVARAcceptable Voltage Profile XAcceptable Power Factor XSelf MonitoringOperator OverridepFeeder Reconfiguration SmartGrid DevicesOptimal Coordinated ControlOptimal Coordinated ControlSelectable Operating Objectives
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
SCADA Controlled VoltVARSCADA ControlledVolt VAR
VoltVARpowerapparatusmonitoredandcontrolledbyp pp ySupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition(SCADA)
VoltVARControltypicallyhandledbytwoseparate(i d d t) t(independent)systems: VARDispatch controlscapacitorbankstoimprovepowerfactor,
reduceelectricallosses,etc
VoltageControl controlsLTCsand/orvoltageregulatorstoreducedemandand/orenergyconsumption(aka,ConservationVoltageReduction)
Operationofthesesystemsisprimarilybasedonastoredsetofpredeterminedrules (e.g.,ifpowerfactorislessthan0 95 then switch capacitor bank #1 off)
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
0.95,thenswitchcapacitorbank#1off )
Overall Objective of VAR dispatchOverallObjectiveofVARdispatch
M
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VARDispatchComponents
Switched&fixedfeedercapacitorbanks Capacitorbankcontrolinterfacep Communicationsfacility onewaypagingorload
managementcommunicationsissufficient
Meansofmonitoring3phasevarflowatthesubstation
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substation
MasterstationrunningVARdispatchsoftware
MonitoringRealandReactivePowerFlow
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VARDispatchRulesApplied
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RealandReactiveLoadIncreases
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ReactivePowerFlowExceedsThreshold
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CapacitorSwitchedOn
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ChangeinReactivePowerDetected
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ChangeinReactivePowerDetected
Change detected by Substation
RTU
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RTU
BenefitsofVARDispatchvsTraditional
SelfMonitoring Operatoroverridecapability
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Someimprovementinefficiency
ObjectivesforSCADAVoltageControl
Maintain acceptable voltage at all locationsMaintainacceptablevoltageatalllocationsunderallloadingconditions
Operate at as low as voltage as possible to Operateataslowasvoltageaspossibletoreducepowerconsumption(akaConservationVoltage Reduction)VoltageReduction)
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ConservationVoltageReduction
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Source: Tom Wilson PCS Utilidata
BenefitsofVoltageReductionforVariousTypesofLoads
Constantimpedance (powerconsumedisproportionaltovoltagesquared) Incandescentlighting,resistivewaterheaters,stovetopandovercookingloads
Constantpower (demandisconstantregardlessofvoltage) Electricmotors,regulatedpowersupplies
Constantcurrent(demandisproportionaltovoltage)(fewofthistypeofload) Weldingunits,smelting,electroplatingprocesses
Feederloadisalwaysamixofthedifferentloadtypes
Rules of thumb: Rulesofthumb: 60/40split(constantpower/constant
impedance)forsummerpeakloads
40/60splitforwinterpeakloads 80/20forindustrialareas 70/30forresidentialloadinresidentialwith
summerpeaking
30/70forresloadwithwinterpeaking Commercialloads:50/50or60/40
Source: Power Distribution Planning
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Source:PowerDistributionPlanningReferenceBook,H.LeeWillis
BenefitsofVoltageReduction
Worksbestwithresistiveload (lightingandresistiveheating)becausepowerdrawndecreaseswiththevoltagesquared.
P = V 2 RConstant
Impedance load
Devicesthatoperateusingathermostatgenerallydonotreduceenergy thedevices
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justrunlonger
BenefitsofVoltageReduction
Efficiency improve for small voltage reduction
Incremental change in efficiency drops off and then turns negative as voltage is reduced
Negative effect occurs sooner for heavily loaded motors
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
BenefitsofVoltageReductiononmotors Motorlossreductionisabalancingactbetweenmagnetic
effectsandelectricaleffects: Magneticlosses(IronLosses)arereducedwhenvoltageislowered Motorcurrentincreasesasvoltageisdecreased(constantpowereffect) but
ifmotorloadingislight,currentincreasesgradually
Initialeffectisreducedenergyassumption,butasvoltageisdeceasedfurther,copperlossincreasesandmotorbecomeslessefficient
Power Savings Obtained from Supply VoltageVariation on Squirrel Cage Induction Motors
C. D. Pitis, BC Hydro Power Smart, and M. W. Zeller, BC Hydro Power Smart
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
BC Hydro Power Smart
EmergingLoadCharacteristics DigitalDevices:
Typicallyhaveauniversalpowersupplycoveringawiderangeofinputvoltagevariations(e.g.:LCD/PlasmaTV&VCRs=80240V)g ( g )
Constantpowerbehavior
ElectricVehicleChargers:C Constantpower
ConstantVoltage(regulatedoutput,duringmaintenancecharge) Constantcurrent(Lowstateofchargeandfastchargingtype)
NiMH Charging Profile
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Example charging curves for two EV chargers
Voltage Control ComponentsVoltageControlComponents
EOF V ltEOF Voltage measurement126V
Actual
114V
116VCVR
Cutoff
Voltage
EOF = End of feeder
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EOFVoltageBelowVoltageControlThreshold(No Control Actions)(NoControlActions)
EOF V ltVoltage Control
ProcessorComm
Interface
EOF Voltage measurement126V
Actual
LTCSubstation
RTUVolt Meter
or AMRComm Interface
LTCController
Substation Transformer
114V
116VCVR
Cutoff
Voltage
OO
Reactive Power (MVAR)
Real Power (MW) End ofFeeder
OOOOOO
OO Voltage Transformer
Reactive Power (MVAR)EOF = End of feeder
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EOFVoltageAboveVoltageControlh h ldThreshold
EOF V ltVoltage Control
ProcessorComm
Interface
EOF Voltage measurement126V
Actual Voltage
LTCSubstation
RTUVolt Meter
or AMRComm Interface
LTCController
Substation Transformer
114V
116VCVR
Cutoff
OOEnd ofFeeder
OOOOOO
OO
EOF = End of feeder
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
EOFVoltageAboveVoltageControlThreshold(lower tap setting)(lowertapsetting)
EOF V lt
Voltage Control Processor
Comm Interface
Lower Tap
EOF Voltage measurement126V
Actual Voltage
LTCSubstation
RTUVolt Meter
or AMRComm Interface
LTCController
Substation Transformer
Setting
114V
116VCVR
Cutoff
OOEnd ofFeeder
OOOOOO
OOTransformer
EOF = End of feeder
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
EOFVoltageAboveVoltageControlThreshold(lower tap setting)(lowertapsetting)
EOF V lt
Voltage Control Processor
Comm Interface
Lower Tap
EOF Voltage measurement126V
Actual Voltage
LTCSubstation
RTUVolt Meter
or AMRComm Interface
LTCController
Substation Transformer
Setting
114V
116VCVR
Cutoff
OOEnd ofFeeder
OOOOOO
OOTransformer
SelfMonitoring Operatoroverridecapability
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
CVRfunctionnotavailablewithtraditional
CVRbasedonVoltagemeasurementsCVRbasedonVoltagemeasurements
HydroQuebecResults: Simplebutnotfullyeffective.Demonstrationprojectgained
only 30% of the estimated energy consumption.only30%oftheestimatedenergyconsumption. Voltmetersnotreallyattheendofthefeeders.Voltmetersinstalledonlyon3phasescircuits.Targetsneedtocoveralsotheworstcasevoltagedropofthesinglephasenetworks.
Networktopologyduringthedemonstrationproject(1yearaverage)wasnotinitsnormalstate40%ofthetime.
Volt Meter
Communication network
Substation
End of Feeder
Regulationllcontroller
A local regulation controller monitors the end of feeders voltage and
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Source: Volt-VAR Control Implementation at Hydro Qubec; Presented by Herve Delmas to IEEE Smart Distribution Volt Var
Task Force, January 2010
A local regulation controller monitors the end of feeder s voltage and sets the tap to maintain this voltage at 115V.
LackofCoordinationbetweenVoltandlVARcontrol
Switching a capacitor bank on raises theSwitchingacapacitorbankonraisesthevoltage,which: Increases no load losses in distribution Increasesnoloadlossesindistributiontransformers
Increases energy consumption and possiblyIncreasesenergyconsumptionandpossiblydemand
Lowering the voltage through CVR:LoweringthevoltagethroughCVR: Makesthecapacitorbankslesseffective(lowervoltage means less capacitive current delivered by
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
voltagemeanslesscapacitivecurrentdeliveredbythecapbanks)
SCADAVoltVARSummaryy Doesnot adapttochangingfeederconfiguration (rules are fixed in advance)configuration (rulesarefixedinadvance)
Doesnot adapttovaryingoperatingneeds(rules are fixed in advance)(rulesarefixedinadvance)
Overallefficiencyisimprovedversustraditional approach but is not necessarilytraditionalapproach,butisnotnecessarilyoptimalunderallconditions
Operation of VAR and Volt devices is not OperationofVARandVoltdevicesisnotcoordinated
Does not adapt well to presence of modern
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Doesnot adaptwelltopresenceofmoderngriddevices suchasDG
SampleCalc:kWhLossSavingsDuetoVAR DispatchVARDispatch
Sample Calculation 2: Savings Due to kWh Reduction Input Values: Target power factor (TPF) = 1 00 usefulTarget power factor (TPF) = 1.00 Average power factor (AVGPF) = .95 Peak load on feeder (PKLOAD) = 8,000 kilowatts Distribution losses (% of peak load) = 4.0% Average cost to purchase one kilowatt-hour = 0.04 $/kWh
useful formula
g p $ Annual savings per feeder = 8760 x .456 x DLOSS x PKLOAD x (1 AVGPF2 / TPF2) x .04 kWh per year = 8760 x 0.456 x 4% x 8000 x (1 - .952 / 1.02) * .04
$ f = $4,985 per year per feeder
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
SampleCalculation:DemandReductionDue to VAR DispatchDuetoVARDispatch
Sample Calculation 3: Savings in Energy Supplier Demand ChargesSample Calculation 3: Savings in Energy Supplier Demand Charges Input Values: Target power factor (TPF) = 1.00g p ( )Power factor at peak load (PKPF) = .98 Peak load on feeder (PKLOAD) = 8,000 kilowatts Energy supplier demand charge (DEMCHG) = 20 $/kW
useful formula
Annual savings per feeder = (1/PKPF - 1/TPF) x 100 % x PKLOAD x DMDCHG = (1 / 0.98 1 / 1.00) x 100% x 8,000 x 20
$3 265 f d = $3,265 per year per feeder
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Volt VAR ScorecardVoltVAR Scorecard
Volt-VAR Approach
Volt VAR Requirements Traditional Volt-VARSCADA Volt-
VAR
A t bl V lt P fil X X
pp
Acceptable Voltage Profile X XAcceptable Power Factor X XSelf Monitoring XOperator Override XOperator Override XFeeder Reconfiguration SmartGrid DevicesOptimal Coordinated ControlSelectable Operating Objectives
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
VoltVAROptimization(CentralizedApproach)
Developsandexecutesacoordinatedoptimalswitchingplanforall voltagecontroldevices
Uses optimal power flow program to decide what to Usesoptimalpowerflowprogramtodecidewhattodo
Achieves utilityspecified objective functions:Achievesutility specifiedobjectivefunctions: Minimize distribution system power loss Minimize power demand (sum of distribution power loss and
customer demand)customer demand) Maximize revenue (the difference between energy sales and energy
prime cost) Combination of the above
Can bias the results to minimize tap changermovement and other equipment control actions that
ddi i l d h h i l
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
put additional wear and tear on the physicalequipment
ModelingLoadVoltageSensitivity
AccurateloadmodelforIVVC:
Determineappropriatevaluesforcoefficientsonabove formula using field experiments andaboveformulausingfieldexperimentsandregressionanalysis
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
VoltVAROptimization(VVO)Systemfi iConfiguration
Temp Changes
MDMSAMI Line Switch
Distribution System Model
Geographic Information
System (GIS)
Perm Changes
Dynamic Changes
Switched Cap
Bank
Distribution SCADA
On-Line Power Flow (OLPF)
IVVC Optimizing
Engine
Line Voltage
RegulatorDevelops a coordinated
optimalSubstation RTU
Substation Transformer with TCUL
Substation Capacitor
B k
optimal switching plan for all voltage control
devices and executes the plan
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
with TCUL Bankexecutes the plan
VoltVAROptimization(VVO)SystemOperation
Voltage Feedback
Temp Changes
MDMSAMI Line Switch
Switch Status
Voltage Feedback, Accurate load data
Bank voltage & status, switch control
Distribution System Model
Geographic Information
System (GIS)
Perm Changes
Dynamic Changes Switched
Cap Bank
switch control
Distribution SCADA
On-Line Power Flow (OLPF)IVVC requires real-
time monitoring & control of sub &
IVVC Optimizing
Engine
Line Voltage Regulator
Monitor & control tap
control of sub & feeder devices
Substation RTU
Substation Transformer with TCUL
Substation Capacitor
Bank Bank voltage & status
pposition, measure load
voltage and loadMonitor & control tap position, measure load
voltage and load
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Bank voltage & status, switch control
VoltVAROptimization(VVO)SystemOperation
Temp Changes
MDMSAMI Line Switch
Cuts, jumpers, manual switching
Real-Time Updates
Distribution System Model
Geographic Information
System (GIS)
Perm Changes
Dynamic Changes Switched
Cap Bank
Distribution SCADA
On-Line Power Flow (OLPF)Permanent asset changes
(line extension, d t )
IVVC Optimizing
Engine
Line Voltage Regulator
reconductor)
Substation RTU
Substation Transformer with TCUL
Substation Capacitor
Bank
IVVC requires an accurate, up-to date
electrical model
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Bank
VoltVAROptimization(VVO)SystemOperationOperation
Temp Changes
MDMSAMI Line Switch
Distribution System Model
Geographic Information
System (GIS)
Perm Changes
Dynamic Changes Switched
Cap Bank
Distribution SCADA
On-Line Power Flow (OLPF)
OLPF calculates losses, voltage
profile, etc
IVVC Optimizing
Engine
Line Voltage Regulator
PowerflowSubstation RTU
Substation Transformer with TCUL
Substation Capacitor
Bank
Powerflow Results
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Bank
VoltVAROptimization(VVO)SystemOperationOperation
Temp Changes
MDMSAMI Line Switch
Distribution System Model
Geographic Information
System (GIS)
Perm Changes
Dynamic Changes Switched
Cap Bank
Distribution SCADA
On-Line Power Flow (OLPF)
Determines optimal set of control
actions to achieve a desired objective
IVVC Optimizing
Engine
Line Voltage Regulator
Powerflow
j
Substation RTU
Substation Transformer with TCUL
Substation Capacitor
Bank
Powerflow Results
Alternative Switching
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
BankSwitching Plan
VoltVAROptimization(VVO)SystemOperationOperation
Temp Changes
MDMSAMI Line Switch
Distribution System Model
Geographic Information
System (GIS)
Perm Changes
Dynamic Changes Switched
Cap Bank
Distribution SCADA
On-Line Power Flow (OLPF)
Determines optimal set of control
actions to achieve a desired objective
IVVC Optimizing
Engine
Line Voltage Regulator
j
Substation RTU
Substation Transformer with TCUL
Substation Capacitor
Bank
Optimal Switching
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
BankSwitching Plan
ImpactofVoltageReductiononCustomers
In most cases, voltage reduction does not impactInmostcases,voltagereductiondoesnotimpactcustomerequipment,but..
Somecustomersareawareoftheprincipleofvoltagep p greductionandgavealreadytakenstepstolowertheirvoltageviaindividualservicevoltageregulators(e.g.Smartmotorcontrollers)
Whenutilitylowersthevoltageonthefeeder,h l d l hcustomerswhoarealreadyloweringtheirown
voltagewillgobelowtheminimum
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Voltage Reduction LimitationsVoltageReductionLimitations Feedersvoltagelimited?
Maynotbeabletoreducevoltageatall Mayneedtoflattenthevoltageprofile(Progressenergy,GeorgiaPower,etc)
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CurrentTechnologies,LLC
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
TimeDecayofCVREffects Themostreductionoccursrightwhenthevoltageisreducedandthensomeofthereductionislostassome loads j st r n longersomeloadsjustrunlonger
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
IVVCBenefitsD i d l d t t ti ll h Dynamicmodelupdatesautomaticallywhenreconfigurationoccurs
Volt VARcontrolactionsarecoordinated
SystemcanmodeltheeffectsofDistributedGenerationandothermoderngridelements
Producesoptimalresults
Accommodatesvaryingoperatingobjectivesd di t d
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
dependingonpresentneed
Benefits of Volt VAR OptimizationBenefitsofVoltVAROptimization CVRFactor=P/VbasiconactualCVRexperience:
BC H d CVR 0 7 BCHydroCVRf = 0.7 ProgressEnergyCVRf =0.8 Georgia Power CVRf = 0 8GeorgiaPowerCVRf = 0.8
AnnualEnergySavings =AverageLoadx#Hoursperyearx%voltagereductionxCVRfxvalueofenergyconservationLostrevenuefromkWhsales
CVRperformedduringpeakloadperiodcanbeviewedasdemand (capacity) reductiondemand(capacity)reduction
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Final VoltVAR ScorecardFinalVolt VAR Scorecard
Volt VAR Approach
Volt VAR Requirements Traditional Volt-VARSCADA Volt-
VARIntegrated Volt-
VAR
A t bl V lt P fil X X X
Volt-VAR Approach
Acceptable Voltage Profile X X XAcceptable Power Factor X X XSelf Monitoring X XOperator Override X XF d R fi tiFeeder Reconfiguration XSmartGrid Devices XOptimal Coordinated Control XSelectable Operating Objectives X
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
VoltVAROptimization NextSteps
SUBSTATION
PV Inverter PV
Inverter
SUBSTATION
PV Inverter PV
Inverter
SUBSTATION
FEEDER
Supplementary Regulators
Supplementary Regulators
Rotating DG
SUBSTATION
FEEDER
Supplementary Regulators
Supplementary Regulators
Rotating DG
Rotating DG
Rotating
Capacitor ControlLTC Control
PF Rotating
Rotating DG
PV Inverter PV
Inverter
RotatingRotating
Capacitor ControlLTC Control
PF RotatingRotating
Rotating DG
Rotating DG
PV Inverter PV
Inverter
Rotating DG Capacit
or
Rotating DG
Rotating DG
Rotating DG Capacit
or
Rotating DG
Rotating DG
Voltage and VAR Regulation
Coordination Al ith
Manages tap changer settings, inverter and rotating machine VAR levels, and capacitors to regulate voltage, reduce l d
Communication Link
Voltage and VAR Regulation
Coordination Al ith
Manages tap changer settings, inverter and rotating machine VAR levels, and capacitors to regulate voltage, reduce l d
Communication Link
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Algorithm losses, conserve energy, and system resources
Algorithm losses, conserve energy, and system resources
FeederFlowandResourceControl(DG+ES)
ES
DR
Utility grid
DR
PG
DG
RES
ConstantpowerfloworfirmingupPW
rateofchangeatPCC Eliminateadverseimpact
Reduce reserve capacity requirement
2010 Quanta Technology LLC
Reducereservecapacityrequirement
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