The Muslim World Expands
1300-1700
Byzantine Empire
Anatolia
• Turkish Descendant• Militaristic• Loyal to one another• No leader• Ghazis• Warriors for Islam
What’s an Ottoman?
• Most Successful Ghazi• Osman• Called Othman• Ottoman Empire
Osman Makes Changes
• Revolutionized Military
• Weapons Changed How Wars Fought
• Formed Alliances
• By Conquering
• Agreements
• Bought Land
• Expanding Empire
Revolutionized Military
Horseback ArchersArmed Foot Soldiers
Revolutionized Military
Birth of Cannon
Orkhan I
• Sultan• Overlord• One with Power
• Adrianople• 2nd Most Important
Byzantine Empire
A New Empire
• Treatment of Conquered People• Local Officials Appointed• Improved lives• All Muslims• Must Serve in Army• Make Contributions of faith
• Non-Muslims had to Pay a Small Tax
Burning down the House
• Timur the Lame (1402)• Timur-i-lang• Burned Bagdad• Halted Ottoman Expansion
Burning down the House
• Timur the Lame (1402)• Timur-i-lang• Burned Bagdad• Halted Ottoman Expansion
The Empire Strikes Back!
• Four sons Fight for Power• Mehmed I defeated his brothers• His Son Mehmed II• Invaded Hungry• Conquers Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople
• Population in 1451• From 1 Million to 50,000• Cannons• 26ft gun 1,200 pound boulders• Chain across the harbor• 70 Greasy Ships• Seven Weeks Before the fall
After the Fall
• Mehmed II, the conquer, opened the City
to New Citizens (1453)
• Jews, Christians, and Muslims
• Turks and Non-Turks
• Rebuilt City Called Istanbul
Ottoman’s Take Holy Cities
• Selim the Grim, Mehmed’s Grandson• Syria, Palestine, and North Africa• Conquered Mecca and Medina• Also captured Cairo
Suleyman the Lawgiver
• 1520 came to power• Ruled for 46 years• Great cultural achievements• Empire come to its peak
Take it to the Limit
• Under Suleyman• Naval Power• Conquered Parts of Europe• He became most powerful
monarch on earth
Ottoman Society
• Sulyman had civil and criminal code• Reduction of Government Bureaucracy• 20,000 slaves worked for the sultan• Muslims had to follow Islamic Law• Granted Religious freedom to others
Devshrime system
• Boys taken from conquered Christian Nations as slaves• Army educated, trained and converted them to Islam• They were soldiers loyal only to the Sultan known as
the Janissaries• People would bribe officials to take their child• Ability to rise in the ranks of Government
Cultural Flowering
• Study of poetry, history, geography, astronomy, mathematics, and architecture.
• Mosque of Suleyman• Four Schools• A library• A bath• A hospital
All Good things End
• Suleyman Killed his ablest son• Other left• Incompetent Selim II King• Killed and mistreatment of family members
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