The Muslim World Expands Chapter 18.
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Transcript of The Muslim World Expands Chapter 18.
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The Muslim World Expands
Chapter 18
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Section 1-The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
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The Turks Move into Byzantium
• GhazisGhazis-Anatolian Turks that saw themselves as warriors for Islam
• OttomansOttomans-Followers of Osman the most successful ghazi – Military Success based on
gun powder gun powder – Some of the 1st people to
use cannonscannons
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The Turks Move into Byzantium
• SultanSultan-Meaning ‘overlord’ or “one with power”
• Living under the Ottomans– Used local officials local officials appointed by
the sultan to rule conquered areas – MuslimsMuslims served in the Turkish
army and pay religious taxes – Non-Muslims did not have to serve
in the army but paid a small taxtax in return
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The Turks Move into Byzantium
• Timur the Lame-– Received the nickname
after taking an arrow to the leg
– Burned BaghdadBaghdad to the ground
– Crushed the OttomansOttomans in the Battle of Ankara (1402)
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Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion
• Mehmed II- – Nicknamed Mehmed the Mehmed the
ConquerorConqueror – Attacked ConstantinopleConstantinople
• Fired a 1,200lb bolder out of a 26-foot gun and ships
• After conquering the city he renamed it IstanbulIstanbul opened it up to Christians, Jews, Muslims, Turks and non-Turks
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Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion
• Suleyman the Lawgiver-– Ruled for 46 years – Created penalties for
various criminal acts, bureaucraticbureaucratic and financial corruption
– Also introduced the concept of a balanced balanced budget budget to governments
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Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion
• Suleyman the Lawgiver-– Studied poetry, history,
geography, astronomy, mathematicsmathematics and architecture
– Because of Islamic law he was toleranttolerant of other religions
– Supported art and literatureliterature
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Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion
• Devshirme System-Members of the sultan’s army drafted from the ChristianChristian boys of conquered territories.– ConvertedConverted to Islam, and
educatededucated them
• Janissaries-Elite force of 30,000 soldiers trained to be loyal only to the sultanthe sultan.
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Section 3-The Mughal Empire in India
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Early History of the Mughals
• Mughals-Means MongolsMongols– Group of nomadicnomadic invaders
in Central Asia
• 1494-BaburBabur inherits the kingdoms of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan at the age of 11– Swept down into India and
laid the foundations for the Mughal Empire Mughal Empire
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Early History of the Mughals
• Akbar-Ruled India from 1556 to 1605– Babur’s grandsongrandson– Ruled with wisdom and
tolerance tolerance – Created his own religion
the “Divine FaithDivine Faith” • He offended Muslims so
much that they tried to revoltrevolt against him in 1581
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Early History of the Mughals
• Art and Literature-– Illustrated books Illustrated books
flourished• MiniaturesMiniatures-Small
highly detailed, colorful paintings
– Hindu literature Hindu literature also saw a resurgence during Akbar’s time
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Akbar’s Successors
• Shah Jahan-– KilledKilled anyone who
got in his way of being king
– Had two great passions in life:
• Beautiful buildingsbuildings • His wife Mumtaz
Mahal – Sadly she died at age
39 while giving birth to their 14th child
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Akbar’s Successors
• Taj Mahal- Taj Mahal- Towering marble dome built as a memorial to Mumtaz Mumtaz Mahal Mahal following her death– Referred to as the
most beautiful most beautiful building building in the world
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Akbar’s Successors
• Aurangzeb- Shah Jahan’s 3rd son– Took power when Shah became
sick– Expanded the Mughal Empire to
it’s greatest sizegreatest size– Oppressed the people
• Strict Islamic law (shariasharia) banned gambling, drinking, and other vices
• Taxed non-Muslimsnon-Muslims and was cruel to HindusHindus
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The Empire’s Decline and Decay
• Reasons for the Empire’s Decline-– Aurangzeb had drained it’s
resources
– 2 million people died of hungerhunger
– As central power weakened the power of local lords local lords grew
– The power of western western traders traders began to increase
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