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 YOGAIntroduction

In The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, which is a two-thousand-year-old collection of the oralteachings on yogic philosophy, there are one hundred and ninety-five statements whichare a kind of philosophical guidebook for dealing with the challenges of beinghuman. The Yoga Sutras provides an eight-fold path calledashtanga, which literallymeans "eight limbs". These eight steps are basic guidelines on how to live a meaningfuland purposeful life. They are a prescription for moral and ethical conduct. They direct

attention toward one's health, and they help us to acknowledge the spiritual aspects of our nature.

The first four steps or stages concentrate on refining our personalities, gaining masteryover our body, and developing an energetic awareness of ourselves, all of which prepareus for the second half of the journey, which deals with the senses, the mind, andattaining a higher state of consciousness.

The eight limbs(or stages) of yoga are collectively known as ‘Ashtanga Yoga’. It is

derived from the Sanskrit word Ashta meaning”eight” and Anga meaning “limbs”.

Together the term Ashtanga gives the meaning “eight limbs”. The eight limbs are Yama,

Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi. Let us seeabout each yoga stage. The completion of all these stages makes one to attain the

ultimate divine energy of the universe.

yoga - 8 stages

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 Yama:

 Yama is eternal which lasts forever. The never ending Yama is the tendency toprevent violence(ahimsa) and possesiveness. It inspires an individual to behonest, have pure thoughts(a parigraha), have moral sense, betrustworthy(asteya) and be truthful(satya). Yama, the Sanskrit word is alsoknown as Yamaraja in India. Yamaraja is the God and King of Hell. 

 Yama: - The first step deals with one's moral or ethical standards and sense of integrity, focusing on our behavior and how we conduct ourselves in our interpersonal life. These are, literally, the controls or don'ts of life. Theyinclude areas where we must learn to control tendencies which, if allowedexpression, would end up causing us disharmony and pain. They are thesame moral virtues that you find in all the world's great religious traditions.The five yamas are:

Non-violence Refrain from harming or demeaning any living thing, including yourself,

 by action, word or thought.

Non-lying Control any tendency to say anything that is not truthful, including not being

truthful to yourself.

Non-stealing Curb the tendency to take anything that does not belong to you which

includes not only material objects but also things such as praise or position.

Non-sensuality Learn the art of self-control; to control the tremendous energy expendedin seeking and thinking about sensual pleasure and to abstain from inappropriate sexual

 behavior.

Non-greed Learn not to be attached to or desirous of "things"; to learn to discriminate

 between "needs" and "wants".

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Yamaraja court in hell Buffalo - Yamaraja's

vehicle

Yamaraja is also referred to as Dharmaraja. Buffalo is the vehicle of Yamaraja.

According to the portrayals he has a dark skinned body with a stick (Dand) in his his

hand. Yamaraja is one of the teachers of Bhagwata. Totally there are twelve teachers.

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Niyama:

Niyama deals with controlling the organs of perception and following the rules and

regulations. The various organs are the nose, eyes, ears, tongue and skin. According to

Niyama an individual gets self purification(sauca) through discipline(tapas),

contentment(santosha), understanding himself (Svadhyaya) by acquiring knowledge andfinally surrendering himself to God(Isvara Pranidhana). Here knowledge includes the

learning of Holy scripts.

 Niyama, the second step, are individual practices having to do with self-

descipline, self-development and spiritual observances. These are the non-

controls or the dos of the path. The five niyamas are:

Purity Strive for purity or cleanliness of body, mind and environment.Contentment Seek contentment and acceptance with what you have and with things as

they are right now. But, also, seek ways to improve things in the future.Self-control Learn to have control over your actions and to have the strength of 

determination to do what you decide to do; to replace negative habits with positive ones.Self-study This requires introspection; studying our actions, words and thoughts todetermine if we are behaving in a harmonious and positive manner in order to achieve the

happiness and satisfaction we strive for.Devotion Devotion is the turning of the natural love of the heart toward the Divine rather than toward the objects of the world.

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5 divisions of Niyama