Yearly Plan Biof4

7/30/2019 Yearly Plan Biof4

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YEARLY PLANBIOLOGY FORM 4 2013

Theme 1: Introducing BiologyLearning Area: 1.0 Introduction to Biology

Week Learning Objectives/ LearningOutcomes

Remarks

1

1.1 Understanding the study ofBiologyA student is able to

State what the study of Biologyis

Explain the importance of

Biology

List the different fields of studyin Biology

List the careers related to

Biology State various ways of studying

Biology

2

1.2Applying scientific investigationsA student is able to

Identify variables in a given

situation

Identify the relationship betweentwo variables to form ahypothesis

Design and carry out a simpleexperiment to test a hypothesis

Record and present data in asuitable form

Interpret data to drawconclusions

Write a report on a experiment

Practice scientific attitudes andnoble values

Theme 2: Investigation the cell as a basic unit of livingthings

Learning Area: 1.0 Cell Structure and cell organisation


Remarks

3

1.1 Understanding cell structureand function

A student is able to

Draw and label ananimal cell

Draw and label a plant

cell

Identify the cellularcomponents of an animal cell

Identify the cellular

components of a plant cell State the functions of

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the cellular components in ananimal cell

State the functions of

the cellular components in aplant cell

Compare and contrast

an animal cell and a plant cell

Relate the density ofcertain organelles with thefunctions of specific cells

4

1.2 Understanding cell

organisation


State the necessity forcell specialization in

multicellular organism ascompared to unicellularorganism

Describe cellspecialization in multicellularorganisms

Describe cellorganization in the formation oftissues, organs and systems inmulticellular organisms

State the meaning of

internal environment

Identify factorsaffecting the internal

environment

Explain the necessity tomaintain optimal internalenvironment

Describe theinvolvement of various systemsin maintaining optimal internalenvironment

1.3 Appreciating the uniquenessof the cell


Predict the state of certaincells without a particular

cellular component Illustrate that most cells are

specialised for the job that

they perform

Theme 2: Investigating the cell as a basic unit of livingthingsLearning Area: 2.0 Movement of substances across theplasma membrane


Remarks

5 2.1 Analysing the movement ofsubstances across the plasma

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membraneA student is able to:

State the substances required

by living cells,

State the substances that haveto be eliminated from cells,

Explain the necessity formovement of substancesacross the plasma membrane,

Describe the structure of theplasma membrane

Describe the permeability ofthe plasma membrane

Explain the movement ofsoluble substances across theplasma membrane through the

process of passive transport.

Explain the movement of water

molecules across the plasmamembrane by osmosis

Explain the movement ofsubstances across the plasma

membrane through the processof active transport.

Explain the process of passivetransport in living organismsusing examples

Explain the process of activetransport in living organismusing examples.

Compare and contrast passivetransport and active transport.

6 2.2 Understanding the movementof substances across the plasmamembrane in everyday life.

A student is able to:

explain what hypotonic,hypertonic and isotonic

solutions are,

explain the effects ofhypotonic, hypertonic and

isotonic solutions on plant cell

and animal cell explain plasmolysis,

deplasmolysis, haemolysis andcrenation

Design an experiment todetermine the concentration ofexternal solution which is

isotonic to cell sap.

Make an inference on theconcentration of cell sap in

plant tissues

Relate the movement of

substances across plasmamembrane with concentration

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gradient

Explain the phenomenon of thewilting in plants using

examples

Explain the preservation offood using examples

2.3 Appreciating the movement ofsubstances across the plasmamembraneA student is able to:

explain the necessity ofmovement of substancesacross the plasma membrane

which occurs in a continuousand controlled manner for

survival of a cell

Theme 2: Investigating the cell as a basic unit of living

thingsLearning Area: 3.0 Chemical composition of the cell


Remarks

7

3.1 Understanding the chemicalcomposition of the cell.


State the element in the cell

List the chemical compound inthe cell


organic compound in the cell, Explain the importance of

water in the cell.3.2 Understanding

carbohydrates


State the element incarbohydrates,

State the types of

carbohydrates,

Explain the formation andbreakdown of disaccharides

and polysaccharides.

8

3.3 Understanding proteins


State the elements in proteins,

State the various structures ofproteins,

Explain the formation andbreakdown of dipeptides andpolypeptides,

Explain the meaning ofessential amino acids and non-essential amino acids.

3.4 Understanding lipidsA student is able to:

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State the elements in lipids,

State the main types of lipids,

State the components of fats

and oils,

Explain the formation andbreakdown of fats and oils,


saturated fats and unsaturated

fats.

9

3.5 Understanding enzymes


State what enzymes are,

Explain why enzymes areneeded in life processes,

List the general characteristics

of enzymes,

Relate the name of enzyme tosubstrate,

State sites where enzymes aresynthesised,

State the meaning ofintracellular enzymes andextracellular enzymes,

Explain the involvement ofspecific organelles in theproduction of extracellularenzymes,

Explain the effects of pH,

temperature, enzymeconcentration, and substrate

concentration on enzymeactivity,

Explain the mechanisms of

enzyme action,

Relate the mechanism ofenzyme action with pH,temperature, enzymeconcentration and substrateconcentration,

Explain the uses of enzymes indaily life and industry usingexamples.

3.6 Realising the importance ofthe chemical composition incells.


Predict the consequences ofdeficiency in carbohydrates,proteins, lipids, or enzymes in

the cell

Theme 2: Investigating the cell as a basic unit of living

thingTheme: 4.0 Cell division


Remarks

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10

4.1 Understanding mitosisA student is able to

State the necessity for the

production of new cells inorganisms

Explain the necessity for the

production of new cellsidentical to parent cells

State the significance ofmitosis

Identify the phases in the cellcycle

Explain the process of mitosisand cytokinesis

Arrange the various stages ofmitosis in the correct sequence

Compare and contrast mitosis

in animal cell and plant cell

Explain the importance ofcontrolled mitosis

Explain the effects of

uncontrolled mitosis in livingthings

Describe the application of

knowledge on mitosis incloning

Explain the advantages anddisadvantages of cloning

11-12 4.2 Understanding meiosisA student is able to:

State the necessity of traitinheritance in offspring forcontinuation of life.

State the necessity to maintaindiploid chromosomal numberfrom generation to generation

State the necessity forproduction of haploid gametes

State the significance of

meiosis

Identify the type of cell thatundergoes meiosis

Explain the process of meiosis Arrange the various stages of

meiosis in the correct order

Compare and contrast meiosis

I and meiosis

4.3 Appreciating the movement of

chromosomes during mitosisand meiosis


Describe what will happen

when the movement ofchromosomes during

mitosis and meiosis do notoccur in an orderly manner

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Know and avoid things that

maybe harmfulII


meiosis and mitosis

13MID-SEMESTER HOLIDAY

Theme 3: Investigating the Physiology of Living ThingsLearning Area: 1.0 Nutrition

Week Learning Objectives/ LearningOutcomes Remarks

14

1.1Understanding types ofnutrition


States the types of nutrition

Explain autotrophic nutrition

Explain heterotrophic nutrition

Classify organisms accordingto the types of nutrition

1.2Applying the concept ofbalanced diet


Explain the necessity for a

balanced diet

Explain the factors affectingthe daily energy requirement

of the human body

Determine the energy value infood samples

Determine the nutrientcontent in different foodsamples

Explain the functions andsources of vitamins in a diet tomaintain health

Explain the functions andsources of roughage/dietaryfibre in a in a diet

Explain the functions of water

in the body

Justify the selection of anappropriate balanced diet for a

target group

15

1.3Understanding malnutrition


Explain what malnutrition is

Explain the effects ofmalnutrition using examples

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Describe ways to reduce the

chance of contracting certainhealth problems due to ones

diet

Describe ways to reduce theeffects of certain health

problems1.4Analysing food digestionA student is able to:

State the substances requiredby cell to carry out metabolicprocesses

List the complex substancesthat need to be digested

Explain the necessity for

digestion of complexsubstances

16

Draw and label the human

digestive system State the digestive juices and

substances that aid in the

process of digestion in human

Describe the function of thedigestive juices and

substances

Explain the digestion of

carbohydrates, proteins, andlipids in the human body

Identify parts of digestive

system in ruminants and

rodents involved in thedigestion of cellulose

Describe the digestion ofcellulose in ruminants androdents

Compare and contrast thedigestive process in humans,ruminants and rodents

Design experiments to studythe digestion of starch and

proteins in food samples

Describe problems related to

food digestion

17-18

1.5Understanding the processesof absorption and assimilation

of digested food.A student is able to:

Identify the parts of thedigestive system involved inabsorption of digested food

Explain the adaptivecharacteristic of the digestivesystem related to absorption

Draw and label the structure

of a villus Explain the process of

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absorption in the villus

Make an analogy on theprocess of absorption in the

small intestine

Explain the absorption ofwater and minerals in the

colon

Describe the transport ofnutrients by the circulatorysystem for assimilation

Explain the main functionsof the liver

Describe the process ofassimilation

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1.6Understanding the formationof faeces and defecation


Identify the part of the

digestive system where theformation of faeces takes

place

Describe the formation of

faeces

Explain the role ofmicroorganisms in the colon

and the effect of antibiotics onthem

Explain what defecation is


defecation

Explain the importance of highfibre diets

Describe the problems relatedto defecation

1.7Evaluating eating habitsA student is able to:

relate eating habits withhealth problem

evaluate critically whether aparticular eating habit is goodor bad

1.8Realising the importance of a

healthy digestive systemA student is able to:

predict the effects of adefective digestive system onhealth

take care of the digestive system forones well- being

20,21 SEMESTER 1 EXAMINATION

22,23 MID-YEAR HOLIDAY

24 1.9Understanding the importance

of macronutrients andmicronutrients in plants

A student is able to: list elements required by

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plants

classify elements required byplants based on the amount

needed

design an experiment to studythe effects of macronutrient

deficiency in plants

relate the effects ofmacronutrient deficiency withthe function of macronutrients

explain the function of eachmacronutrient in plants

state the function ofmicronutrients in plants

state the effects ofmicronutrient deficiency in

plants

25

1.10 Understanding

photosynthesisA student is able to:

describe the development that

leads to the discovery ofphotosynthesis

state the substances required

for photosynthesis

draw and label the cross-section of a leaf

state the function of each partof the leaf with respect tophotosynthesis

explain leaf adaptation tooptimise photosynthesis

explain how plants fromdifferent habitats are adaptedto carry out photosynthesis

26

1.11 Understanding themechanism of photosynthesis


identify the parts of

chloroplast related tophotosynthesis

explain the light reaction of

photosynthesis explain the dark reaction of

photosynthesis

compare and contrast light

reaction and dark reaction inphotosynthesis

relate light reaction with darkreaction in photosynthesis

write an equation to representthe process of photosynthesis

1.12 Synthesising factorsaffecting photosynthesis

A student is able to: identify the factors affecting

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27

the rate of photosynthesis

design an experiment toinvestigate the effect of light

intensity on the rate ofphotosynthesis

identify the factor that limits

the rate of photosynthesis atdifferent light intensity

explain the effects oftemperature andconcentration of carbondioxide on the rate ofphotosynthesis

explain the difference in the

rate of photosynthesis inplants throughout the day

based on the changes in lightintensity and temperature

identify some ways to meetthe need of increasing theproductivity of crops based onfactors affecting the rate ofphotosynthesis

1.13 Practising a caring attitudetowards plants


tell why we need to take goodcare of plants

identify cases of mishandling

or destruction of plants

281.14 Understanding the

technology used in foodproduction


explain the need for improvingthe quality and quantity offood

explain the effort to diversityfood product

explain ways to improve thequality and quantity of foodproduction in the country

1.15 Evaluating thetechnological development in

food processingA student is able to:

explain the necessity for food

processing

describe the development offood processing technology

relate food processing

methods with factors causingfood spoilage

Assess the methods of food

processing to justify thechoice of consuming certain

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processed food.

Theme: Investigating the physiology of living of thingsLearning Area: 2.0 Respiration

Week Learning Objectives/ Learning

Outcomes

Remarks

29

2.1 Understanding the respiratory

process in energy productionA student should be able to:

State that all living things

require energy

Identify the main substratefor respiration

State the two types ofrespiration

Explain what cellrespiration is

Explain the energyproduction from glucose duringthe process of aerobicrespiration

Write the chemicalequation for aerobic respiration

State the conditions leading

to anaerobic respiration is cells

Explain the process ofanaerobic in yeast.

Explain the process of

anaerobic respiration in human

muscles Write the chemicalequation for anaerobicrespiration

Compare and contrastaerobic respiration withanaerobic respiration

29

2.2 Analysing the respiratorystructures and breathingmechanisms in human andanimal

A student should be able to:

State the respiratorystructures in human and some

animals

Make an inference on thevarious adaptations of the

respiratory structures

Describe the characteristicsof respiratory surfaces inhuman and other organisms

Describe the breathingmechanism in human and otherorganisms

Compare and contrast the

human respiratory system with

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that of other organisms.

30

2.3 Understanding the concept of

gaseous exchange across therespiratory surfaces and

transport of gases in humansA student should be able to:

Describe the process ofgaseous exchange across thesurface of the alveolus andblood capillaries in the lungs

Explain the transport ofrespiratory gases

Explain the process ofgaseous exchange between theblood and body cells

Distinguish the composition

of inhaled and exhaled air.

31

2.4 Understanding the regulatorymechanism in respiration

A student should be able to:

Describe the change in rateof respiration after completing

a vigorous exercise

correlate the rate ofrespiration with the oxygen and

carbon dioxide content in thebody

explain the regulatory

mechanism of oxygen andcarbon dioxide content in the

body explain the humanrespiratory response and rate ofrespiration in differentsituations

correlate the rate of

respiration with the rate ofheart beat

2.5 Realising the importance of

maintaining a healthyrespiratory system

A student should be able to

care and maintain efficientfunction of the respiratory

system

31 2.6 Understanding respiration in

plantsA student should be able to:

describe the energyrequirement in plants

explain the intake ofoxygen for respiration

explain aerobic respirationin plants

explain anaerobicrespiration in plants

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compare and contrast the

process of photosynthesis andrespiration

explain what compensation

point is

relate light intensity withthe attainment of compensationpoint

predict the situation whenthe rate of photosynthesis andrate of respiration remains atcompensation point

32-33 MID-SEMESTER 2 HOLIDAY

Theme 4: Investigating the Relationship between LivingThings and The EnvironmentLearning Area: 1.0 Dynamic Ecosystem


Remarks

34-35 1.1 Understanding the abioticand biotic components ofthe environment.

A student is able to :

Identify the abiotic

components of an ecosystem

Identify the bioticcomponents of an ecosystem

Classify biotic components

into trophic levels

Explain the interactionsbetween biotic components inrelation to feeding, usingexamples

1.2 Understanding the

processes of colonizationand succession in anecosystem.


State what an ecosystemis

Identify the niche,

habitat , community andpopulation of an ecosystem

Explain the process ofcolonization and succession.

Identify the pioneer

species , successors,dominant species in an

ecosystem

Identify the adaptivecharacteristics of pioneer

species, successors

Explain the changes in

habitat caused by pioneerspecies, by successors at

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every level of succession untila climax community is

reached.

Relate the abioticcomponent with the bioticcomponents in an ecosystem

during the processes ofcolonization and succession.

36

1.3 Synthesising ideas onpopulation ecology


Identify the appropriatesampling technique to studythe population size of an

organism.

Estimate the populationsize of an organism in a

habitat

Determine the distributionof organisms in a habitat

based on the density,frequency and percentagecoverage of the species

Correlate the change inpopulation distribution of anorganism with the changes ineach of the abiotic factors

37-38

1.4 Understanding the conceptof biodiversity


explain the meaning ofbiodiversity,

explain the need for

classification of organisms,

state the five kingdomsused in the classification of

organisms,

identify the maincharacteristics of organisms

in each kingdom,

list examples of organismsin each kingdom,

state the hierarchy in theclassification of organisms,using examples,

explain through examples,the method of namingorganisms using the Linnaeus

binomial system,

explain the importance ofbiodiversity.

39 1.5Understanding the impact ofmicroorganisms on life


Classify various types ofmicroorganisms based on

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their basic characteristics,

State the abioticcomponents affecting the

activity of microorganisms,

Explain the effect of achange in each abiotics

component on the activity ofmicroorganisms,

Explain the role of usefulmicroorganisms

Explain the effect ofharmful microorganisms,

Explain the meaning ofpathogen,

Identify the pathogen,vector and symptoms of one

particular disease,

Explain how the disease

spreads, Describe the methods for

controlling pathogen,

Explain the use of microorganisms in

biotechnology, usingexamples.

Appreciating biodiversityA student is able to:

Justify the importance ofpreservation and conservationof biodiversity.

Preserve and conserve variousliving things around him/her

Theme 4: Investigation the Relationship between LivingThings and The Environment

Learning Area: 2.0 Endangered Ecosystems


Remarks

40-41 2.1 Evaluating human activitiesthat endanger an ecosystem


Identify human activities thatthreaten the ecosystem

Explain the impact of human

activities on the ecosystem

Evaluate critically the effects ofunplanned development andmismanagement of theecosystem

Describe types of pollution andsource of pollution

Explain the effects of pollutionon living things and the

environment Compare and contrast

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pollutants in the air fromdifferent environments

Relating the level of water

pollution with BiochemicalOxygen Demand ( BOD ) valueon water from different sources

Interpret data on the level ofair pollution and waterpollution in some cities andsome rivers

Make an inference on thesources of air pollution andwater pollution in some cities

and some rivers

Predict the level of air andwater pollution in a particular

location within the next tenyears

Suggest strategies to solveproblems related to air andwater pollution in a particularlocation within the next tenyears

42

2.2 Understanding the greenhouseeffect and thinning of theozone layer


Explain greenhouse effect

Correlate the concentration ofcarbon dioxide in the

atmosphere with globalwarming

Explain the thinning of theozone layer

Explain the impact of thinning

of the ozone layer and globalwarming on the ecosystem

2.3Realising the importance ofproper management ofdevelopment


Justify the need for

development Explain the effects of increase

in population on the ecosystem

Explain measures taken in the

management of developmentactivities and the ecosystem to

ensure a balance of nature ismaintained

43,44,45 SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATION

46 52 YEAR END HOLIDAY

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