Purines

5. 10Methylene THF

serine

glycine

Thymidinesynthesis

dUMP

THF

Yasko Methylation Pathway Content and diagrams may not be reproduced without express permission from NRI

Tryptophan Tyrosine

Arginine

Ornithine

UREA

Citrulline + NO

taurine

5 MethylTHF

Serotonin Dopamine

BH4

AMMONIABH2

NorEp

HIAA

VMA

0 B

H4

1 B

H4

2 B

H4

HVA

Methionine

Homocysteine

cystathionine

Cysteine + , -ketobutyrate

glutathione

Guanido AC

adenosine

SAMe

methylation

SAH

DNA, RNAProtein, lipids

Creatine Creatinine

BH4Cycle

UreaCycle

Methionine CycleFolate

Cycle

DMGTMG

glycineThe four cycles that make up the Methylation Cycle. This first diagram shows the pathways and the biochemical compounds that are a part of these cycles.

1

NeuronalDamage

MicroglialActivation

Peroxynitrite

Super Oxide

Purines

5. 10Methylene THF

serine

glycine

Thymidinesynthesis

dUMP

THF

Yasko Methylation Pathway Content and diagrams may not be reproduced without express permission from NRI

Tryptophan Tyrosine

Arginine

Ornithine

UREA

Citrulline + NO

taurine

5 MethylTHF

Serotonin Dopamine

BH4

AMMONIABH2

NorEp

HIAA

VMA

0 B

H4

1 B

H4

2 B

H4

HVA

Methionine

Homocysteine

cystathionine

Cysteine + , -ketobutyrate

glutathione

Guanido AC

adenosine

SAMe

methylation

SAH

DNA, RNAProtein, lipids

Creatine Creatinine

BH4Cycle

UreaCycle

Methionine CycleFolate

Cycle

DMGTMG

glycineThe four cycles that make up the Methylation Cycle. This first diagram shows the pathways and the biochemical compounds that are a part of these cycles.

1

NeuronalDamage

MicroglialActivation

Peroxynitrite

Super Oxide

SHMT

MTHFRDHPRNOS

MAO A

COMT

COMT

BHMT

CBS

The second diagram layers on the location of the genes in the nutrigenomic test to show where the possible locations of SNPs are in these biochemical pathways. The location of the where these genes act on these pathways are in color.

2

Dopamine

SOD

GST

MAT

AHCY

MTR MTRR

MAO B

Purines

5. 10Methylene THF

serine

glycine

Thymidinesynthesis

dUMP

THF

Yasko Methylation Pathway Content and diagrams may not be reproduced without express permission from NRI

Tryptophan Tyrosine

Arginine

Ornithine

UREA

Citrulline + NO

taurine

5 MethylTHF

Serotonin Dopamine

BH4

AMMONIABH2

NorEp

HIAA

VMA

0 B

H4

1 B

H4

2 B

H4

HVA

Methionine

Homocysteine

cystathionine

Cysteine + , -ketobutyrate

glutathione

Guanido AC

adenosine

SAMe

methylation

SAH

DNA, RNAProtein, lipids

Creatine Creatinine

BH4Cycle

UreaCycle

Methionine CycleFolate

Cycle

DMGTMG

glycineThe four cycles that make up the Methylation Cycle. This first diagram shows the pathways and the biochemical compounds that are a part of these cycles.

1

NeuronalDamage

MicroglialActivation

Peroxynitrite

Super Oxide

SHMT

MTHFRDHPRNOS

MAO A

COMT

COMT

BHMT

CBS

The second diagram layers on the location of the genes in the nutrigenomic test to show where the possible locations of SNPs are in these biochemical pathways. The location of the where these genes act on these pathways are in color.

2

Dopamine

SOD

GST

MAT

AHCY

MTR MTRR

MAO B

NADH

The products of the genes often require what are called cofactors which are helpers that aid the gene in their function. The cofactors are noted in purple circles.

3

ATP

ATP

B2

B12

B6

B6

Zn

Zn

heme

heme

heme

ATP

Mg

Mg

Purines

5. 10Methylene THF

serine

glycine

Thymidinesynthesis

dUMP

THF

Yasko Methylation Pathway Content and diagrams may not be reproduced without express permission from NRI

Tryptophan Tyrosine

Arginine

Ornithine

UREA

Citrulline + NO

taurine

5 MethylTHF

Serotonin Dopamine

BH4

AMMONIABH2

NorEp

HIAA

VMA

0 B

H4

1 B

H4

2 B

H4

HVA

Methionine

Homocysteine

cystathionine

Cysteine + , -ketobutyrate

glutathione

Guanido AC

adenosine

SAMe

methylation

SAH

DNA, RNAProtein, lipids

Creatine Creatinine

BH4Cycle

UreaCycle

Methionine CycleFolate

Cycle

DMGTMG

glycineThe four cycles that make up the Methylation Cycle. This first diagram shows the pathways and the biochemical compounds that are a part of these cycles.

1

NeuronalDamage

MicroglialActivation

Peroxynitrite

Super Oxide

SHMT

MTHFRDHPRNOS

MAO A

COMT

COMT

BHMT

CBS

The second diagram layers on the location of the genes in the nutrigenomic test to show where the possible locations of SNPs are in these biochemical pathways. The location of the where these genes act on these pathways are in color.

2

Dopamine

SOD

GST

MAT

AHCY

MTR MTRR

MAO B

NADH

The products of the genes often require what are called cofactors which are helpers that aid the gene in their function. The cofactors are noted in purple circles.

3

ATP

ATP

B2

B12

B6

B6

Zn

Zn

heme

heme

heme

ATP

Mg

Mg

There are places where nutritional support can be added to feed into these pathways. This helps to get around blocks due to malfunctions in the blue boxed genes. The places and names of the supplements that can be added to bypass mutations and where they can feed in to help with these pathways are in green.

4DHA

PC

PE

PS

choline

5 FormylTHF

5 MethylTHF

Nucleotides

DopamineIGF

MethionineSAMe

B12

Purines

5. 10Methylene THF

serine

glycine

Thymidinesynthesis

dUMP

THF

Yasko Methylation Pathway Content and diagrams may not be reproduced without express permission from NRI

Tryptophan Tyrosine

Arginine

Ornithine

UREA

Citrulline + NO

taurine

5 MethylTHF

Serotonin Dopamine

BH4

AMMONIABH2

NorEp

HIAA

VMA

0 B

H4

1 B

H4

2 B

H4

HVA

Methionine

Homocysteine

cystathionine

Cysteine + , -ketobutyrate

glutathione

Guanido AC

adenosine

SAMe

methylation

SAH

DNA, RNAProtein, lipids

Creatine Creatinine

BH4Cycle

UreaCycle

Methionine CycleFolate

Cycle

DMGTMG

glycineThe four cycles that make up the Methylation Cycle. This first diagram shows the pathways and the biochemical compounds that are a part of these cycles.

1

NeuronalDamage

MicroglialActivation

Peroxynitrite

Super Oxide

SHMT

MTHFRDHPRNOS

MAO A

COMT

COMT

BHMT

CBS

The second diagram layers on the location of the genes in the nutrigenomic test to show where the possible locations of SNPs are in these biochemical pathways. The location of the where these genes act on these pathways are in color.

2

Dopamine

SOD

GST

MAT

AHCY

MTR MTRR

MAO B

NADH

The products of the genes often require what are called cofactors which are helpers that aid the gene in their function. The cofactors are noted in purple circles.

3

ATP

ATP

B2

B12

B6

B6

Zn

Zn

heme

heme

heme

ATP

Mg

Mg

There are places where nutritional support can be added to feed into these pathways. This helps to get around blocks due to malfunctions in the blue boxed genes. The places and names of the supplements that can be added to bypass mutations and where they can feed in to help with these pathways are in green.

4DHA

PC

PE

PS

choline

5 FormylTHF

5 MethylTHF

Nucleotides

DopamineIGF

MethionineSAMe

B12

Toxic metals can inhibit steps in these pathways even if there are not blocks due to mutations. Also products from the pathway can inhibit other reac-tions in the pathway. The locations of where the pathways are inhibited are noted in red.

5

LEAD

LEAD

ALUM

LEAD

SAH

SAH

LEADALUMMERCURY

SAH

Purines

5. 10Methylene THF

serine

glycine

Thymidinesynthesis

dUMP

THF

Yasko Methylation Pathway Content and diagrams may not be reproduced without express permission from NRI

Tryptophan Tyrosine

Arginine

Ornithine

UREA

Citrulline + NO

taurine

5 MethylTHF

Serotonin Dopamine

BH4

AMMONIABH2

NorEp

HIAA

VMA

0 B

H4

1 B

H4

2 B

H4

HVA

Methionine

Homocysteine

cystathionine

Cysteine + , -ketobutyrate

glutathione

Guanido AC

adenosine

SAMe

methylation

SAH

DNA, RNAProtein, lipids

Creatine Creatinine

BH4Cycle

UreaCycle

Methionine CycleFolate

Cycle

DMGTMG

glycineThe four cycles that make up the Methylation Cycle. This first diagram shows the pathways and the biochemical compounds that are a part of these cycles.

1

NeuronalDamage

MicroglialActivation

Peroxynitrite

Super Oxide

SHMT

MTHFRDHPRNOS

MAO A

COMT

COMT

BHMT

CBS

The second diagram layers on the location of the genes in the nutrigenomic test to show where the possible locations of SNPs are in these biochemical pathways. The location of the where these genes act on these pathways are in color.

2

Dopamine

SOD

GST

MAT

AHCY

MTR MTRR

MAO B

NADH

The products of the genes often require what are called cofactors which are helpers that aid the gene in their function. The cofactors are noted in purple circles.

3

ATP

ATP

B2

B12

B6

B6

Zn

Zn

heme

heme

heme

ATP

Mg

Mg

There are places where nutritional support can be added to feed into these pathways. This helps to get around blocks due to malfunctions in the blue boxed genes. The places and names of the supplements that can be added to bypass mutations and where they can feed in to help with these pathways are in green.

4DHA

PC

PE

PS

choline

5 FormylTHF

5 MethylTHF

Nucleotides

DopamineIGF

MethionineSAMe

B12

Toxic metals can inhibit steps in these pathways even if there are not blocks due to mutations. Also products from the pathway can inhibit other reac-tions in the pathway. The locations of where the pathways are inhibited are noted in red.

5

LEAD

LEAD

ALUM

LEAD

SAH

SAH

LEADALUMMERCURY

SAH

The actual SNPs, or mutations in the genes are noted in pink. Recall that the genes in this pathway that are looked at by nutrigenomic testing are in blue boxes. The pink boxes show where the mutations in these genes occur thus affecting the position in the cycle where they are located.

6SODmutations

MTHFRC677T

CBSC699Tmutation

MTR &MTRR

MTHFRA1298C

CBSothermutations

NOSmutations

COMT ++V158M