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Transcript of Tue vs ameritox -yasko-brasika_de_george
Mixing Medicine and Marijuana
Scott E Yasko – PRIUMRachel Brozina, esq. – Lester, Norton & BrozinaMichael DeGeorge Jr., PharmD – Ameritox
Rx Drug Abuse Summit – April 22, 2014 – Atlanta, GA
Quick History of Marijuana in the U.S.
• Cannabis was used legitimately at the turn of the century– Primarily used for pain– Use declined with negative public perception and
the development of aspirin and morphine• 1925, League of Nations sign a treaty
restricting use to scientific and medical• Became illegal in 1937 via the Marijuana Tax
Act
The Administration of Marijuana
• Smoke• Oil extract & Butter– Added to and used to make foods
• Tinctures & Tonics– Transdermal, sublingual and ingested
• Vaporized– Heating the plant to inhale the mist– Alternative to smoking
Marijuana in the U.S. Today
• According to CBS News, 51% of Americans support full legalization
• Indicated for diagnoses such as chronic and cancer pain, seizure disorders, etc.– Varies by state– Physicians do not prescribe; they recommend
• Medical Marijuana has potential– Charlotte Figi – Dravet Syndrome– Chaz Moore – myoclonus diaphragmatic flutter
What’s Next?
• Reassess drug scheduling– Schedule I indicates no medicinal use– 1988, DEA ALJ ruled in favor of reclassification
• More robust studies are needed– Red tape surrounding U.S. studies– Leading research coming out of Israel and Spain
Federal versus State Law
U.S. Constitution • Supremacy Clause: generally, federal law
supersedes state law in areas in which Congress has appropriately exercised its power to legislate
•Commerce Clause: generally, Congress has express power to regulate commerce among the states
Federal versus State Law Controlled Substances Act
•Purpose: regulate the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances•Execution: five schedules outline the qualifications for a substance to be classified• Schedule 1 substances:
1. High potential for abuse, 2. No currently accepted medical
use in treatment in US, and3. No accepted safety for use of the
substance under medical supervision.
• Prescription cannot be written for substance
U.S. Supreme Court decision: Gonzales v. Raich
•Situation: a caregiver and a patient possessing and using marijuana per California’s Compassionate Use Act sought an injunction to stop government from interfering with their activities•Plaintiffs’ argument: CSA is unconstitutional
as applied to their conduct•Government’s argument: CSA preempts state
law; Congress may regulate and prohibit use and possession of marijuana under Commerce Clause •Decision: Congress has authority to prohibit
possession and use of marijuana, even for medical purposes, under commerce clause. •Rationale: marijuana grown for personal
consumption is likely to create high demand in the interstate market; this diversion into the interstate market interferes with federal government’s interest in eliminating commercial transactions.
USDOJ Memo to U.S. AttorneysAugust 29, 2013
• Urges U.S. Attorneys to exercise their discretion in using federal resources to prosecute individuals using marijuana for medical purposes
• Emphasizes federal policy of enforcing CSA to prevent: 1. distribution of marijuana to minors2. revenue falling into hands of dangerous drug cartels3. diverting medical marijuana from legal states to other states4. state-authorized marijuana activity from being used as a cover for trafficking other
illegal drugs 5. violence in the cultivation and distribution of marijuana6. drugged driving and other adverse public health consequences7. growing marijuana on public or federal lands
21 Jurisdictions Have Legalized Medical Marijuana
• Alaska• Arizona• California• Colorado*• Connecticut• DC• Delaware• Hawaii• Illinois• Maine
• Michigan• Montana• Nevada• New Hampshire• New Jersey• New Mexico• Oregon• Rhode Island• Vermont• Washington*
* Allows for recreational use
Image from Isaac Reese via reason.com
Pediatric Exposure to Marijuana in Decriminalized States
Adapted by CESAR from Wang, G.S., Roosevelt, G., Le Lait, M-C, Martinez, E.M., Bucher-Bartelson, B., Bronstein, A.C., and Heard, K., “Association of Unintentional Pediatric Exposures with Decriminalization of Marijuana in the United States,” Annals of Emergency Medicine, In Press, 2014. For more information, please contact Dr. George Wang at [email protected].
New Illicit Drug Use- 2012
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2012 NationalSurvey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings, NSDUH Series H-46, HHSPublication No. (SMA) 13-4795. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health ServicesAdministration, 2013.
New Illicit Drug Use- 2012
13
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2012 NationalSurvey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings, NSDUH Series H-46, HHSPublication No. (SMA) 13-4795. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health ServicesAdministration, 2013.
Marijuana use increasing
Adapted by CESAR from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, 2013. Available online at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2012SummNatFindDetTables/Index.aspx
Perceived risk of marijuana
• University of Michigan, 2013 Monitoring the Future Study
Marijuana and poly drug abuse
58% of primary marijuana admissions reported abuse of additional substances
Marijuana and Nonadherence
• Retrospective review of 116,011 urine samples• Patients prescribed hydrocodone (excluding
prn)• May 16, 2011 to May 15, 2012• Broken into three categories for analysis– THC positive as only illicit (n=15,153)– Cocaine positive as only illicit (n=1731)– No illicit detected (n= 99,115)
An analysis of the association between marijauana use and potential nonadherence in patients prescribed hydrocodone. DeGeorge M, Dawson E, et al. American Academy of Pain Medicine annual meeting 2013
Marijuana and Nonadherence
An analysis of the association between marijauana use and potential nonadherence in patients prescribed hydrocodone. DeGeorge M, Dawson E, et al. American Academy of Pain Medicine annual meeting 2013
An analysis of the association between marijauana use and potential nonadherence in patients prescribed hydrocodone. DeGeorge M, Dawson E, et al. American Academy of Pain Medicine annual meeting 2013
Marijuana and Nonadherence
An analysis of the association between marijauana use and potential nonadherence in patients prescribed hydrocodone. DeGeorge M, Dawson E, et al. American Academy of Pain Medicine annual meeting 2013
Marijuana and Nonadherence
Thank You
Scott E YaskoPRIUMNational Account Executive(678) [email protected]
Rachel Brozina, esq.Lester, Norton & Brozina, [email protected]
Michael DeGeorge, PharmDAmeritoxAssociate Director, Medical [email protected]