Wwii Ch 24
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Transcript of Wwii Ch 24
World War LoomsWorld War Looms
Section 1 – Dictators Threaten World Peace
Section 2 – War in Europe
Section 3 – The Holocaust
Section 4 – America Moves Toward War
Section 1Section 1
Dictators Threaten
World Peace
Dictators
Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin Italy – Benito Mussolini Germany – Adolf Hitler Japan – Nationalistic Military Leaders Spain – Francisco Franco
Stalin
Did away with private businesses– “collectives” = huge state-owned farms
Made Soviet Union a leading industrial power
Everything controlled by the state Totalitarian government – individuals have
no rights… opposition is silenced!
Mussolini
Fascism – strong, central government with a dictator– Grows from extreme nationalism
Il Duce = “the leader” Very charismatic leader
– “Italy wants peace, work, and calm. I will give these things with love if possible, with force if necessary.”
Hitler
Nazism – German “brand” of fascism Germans were the “master race” Germany needed to expand…
– Combined extreme nationalism, racism, and expansionism
Chancellor in 1933 Creates the Third Reich
Japan
Military leaders take over Want more land and resources Attack Manchuria in 1931
– Protested by the League of Nations– Japan leaves league… keeps Manchuria
League of Nations
Established after WWI to prevent aggressive acts ~ such as Japan’s
Had to have unanimous consent on actions… any nation could veto over League judgments
Basically gave aggressive nations a “slap on the wrist” and opened the door to BIG PROBLEMS!
Hitler & Mussolini
Watched closely at how the League dealt with Japan
Hitler broke the Treaty of Versailles– Puts troops in the Rhineland– Rebuilds army
Mussolini takes over Ethiopia
Franco
Fascist general Led rebellion – overthrew elected
government in 1939 Supported by Hitler and Mussolini
Isolationism in the US
Anti-war rallies held Neutrality Acts passed FDR seemed to want to help… but stepped
down in his effort due to criticism
Section 2Section 2
War in
Europe
Hitler Expands
Wants to Annex Austria and Czechoslovakia– Favored by Germans
1938 – march into Austria unopposed Makes accusations toward the Czechs Focuses on the Sudetenland
Munich Pact
France and Britain – defend Czechoslovakia
September 1938 – French, British, and German leaders sign– Gives Germany the Sudetenland– Hitler’s “promise”
“Peace with Honor”
Neville Chamberlain – British prime minister– Signed Munich Pact
Winston Churchill… Pact was dishonorable appeasement– Pacifying the aggressor– Predicted appeasement would…
LEAD to WAR
March 1939 – Hitler conquers Czechoslovakia
Accuses Poland– Hitler is very brave
Nonaggression pact with Soviet Union– Hitler and Stalin’s secret
Blitzkrieg
Lightning War September 1, 1939 – Hitler attacks Poland
– Fell in a month
Britain and France declare war on Germany– “phony war”
The Soviet Union
Attack Poland from the east as Germany is attacking from the west
While phony war is going on…– Stalin takes back regions lost in WWI
Spring 1940
April – Hitler invades Denmark and Norway
May – takes the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
Also in May – attacks France unsuspectingly in the North– Britain rescues 90% of Allied troops
Italy joins Germany
Attack France from the south June 1940 – France surrenders
– Germany controls north– Vichy government controls south
Charles de Gaulle – French general exiled in England– Makes promise
Invasion on Britain
Air raids over England Entire month of August 1940 RAF – defend using radar Called Battle of Britain Winston Churchill – new Prime Minister
– Rallies British
Hitler gives up
Section 3Section 3
The
Holocaust
Persecution
Hitler wants to make Germany “racially” pure– Orders all non-Aryans out of government jobs
Begins the Holocaust– Systematic murder of over 11 million people
across Europe– Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews
• Long history in Europe• Scapegoats
Hitler vs. the Jews
Persecution increased No civil rights Yellow stars of David
Kristallnacht
November 9 – 10, 1938 “crystal night” Organized, violent persecution Nazi storm troopers attack and arrest Jews
– Homes– Businesses– Synagogues
Jews seek refuge
Flee Germany Nazis favor this Other countries did not accept refugees US allows some, but we have strict
immigration quotas – American anti-Semitism– Fear for jobs
Final Solution
1939 – only ¼ million Jews left in Germany… other countries have millions
Ultimate goal – Genocide “Enemies of the state” – arrested
– Condemned to slavery and death– Not just Jews… political opponents as well as
• Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, the disabled, & terminally ill
Jewish Ghettos
Segregated Jewish areas Sealed off Forced to work in German factories Many starved Despite brutal conditions… Jews hung on
– Made attempts of keeping life “normal”
Final Stage
Jews sent to concentration camps– Suffered terribly
1941 – six death camps built in Poland– Gas chambers… kill 12,000 a day– Doctors separated on arrival– Crematoriums built– Not all were gassed to death
6 million Jews died
Section 4Section 4
America Moves
Toward War
US Neutrality
Neutrality Acts – US not allowed to enter war in Europe– FDR suggests “cash and carry”
New Neutrality Act passed in November 1939
The Axis Powers
1940 – Germany, Italy, and Japan sign mutual defense treaty
US goes to war with one… all 3 fight– US would have war on two fronts
US prepares
FDR prepares– Supports Britain yet…– Assures people US will stay out of war
Congress increases national defense spending
Passes first peacetime draft Sept. 1940 FDR elected to a 3rd term
Lend-Lease Act
FDR tells US people – cannot watch Hitler conquer the world
US – “the great arsenal of democracy” FDR suggests lending or leasing arms to
any nation “whose defense was vital to the United States”
Passed in March 1941
Germany keeps going
Invades Soviet Union– US give lend-lease support to Soviets
U-boats attack ships in the Atlantic June 1941 – FDR US Navy protects ships US warships allowed to defend selves
US plans for war
Secret meeting – August 1941 Atlantic Charter signed 26 nations later sign similar agreement Become ALLIES
– United to fight Germany, Italy, and Japan
War Inevitable
Sept. 4, 1941 – U-boat fires on US merchant ship
FDR orders US Navy to fire on sight of U-boats
U-boats sink several US ships Senate allows arming of merchant ships
PEARL HARBOR
December 7, 1941 Main US naval base attacked by Japan US Pacific fleet crippled
– Planes and ships destroyed– 2400 people killed
FDR realizes US will fight on two fronts– Dec. 8th – Congress declares war on Japan– Germany and Italy declare war on US
Japan Strikes
Japan seizes Asian territory Invades Indochina – US cuts off trade
– Japan needs US oil
Hideki Tojo – Japan’s prime minister– Starts peace talks… prepares for war
Secret codes deciphered– US knows Japan will strike – but where?