WWII Part 2

Chapter 28

The Allied Drive toward Berlin

War Aims and StrategyAttacking Hitler and aiding Allies in EuropeAttacking Japan was secondary to war in Europe

Atlantic Charter U.S., Canada, Great Britain and FranceNo separate peace

The North Africa CampaignAxis powers surrendered North Africa in May 1943Casablanca meeting between FDR and Churchill

Combined strategy for warStalin refused to attendBattle of Atlantic, Combined bombing missionsAllies accept unconditional surrender only

The Battle of Stalingrad

Battle of Stalingrad

Battle of StalingradAugust 23, 1942-February 2, 1943

German Casualties850,000 killed, missing or woundedincluding 107,000 captured (only 6,000 survived captivity and returned home by 1955)900 aircraft (including 274 transports and 165 bombers used as transports)1,500 tanks6,000 artillery pieces

Battle of Stalingrad

Russian CasualtiesApprox. 1,150,000 killed, missing or woundedincluding 478,741 killed and missing650,878 wounded and sick40,000 civilians dead4,341 tanks15,728 artillery pieces2,769 combat aircraft

“Hugging the Germans”“Rat War”

Battle of Stalingrad

Allied Drive Toward Berlin

Battle of the AtlanticRadarBreaking German Code

Sicily and ItalyAllies advanced to Sicily from N. AfricaPatton invaded ItalyMussolini removed from power when Rome was captured June 4, 1944

The Allied Drive toward Berlin

The Tehran ConferenceNovember 28- December 1, 1943Held in Soviet Embassy in TeheranStalin, FDR, Churchill

England and U.S. agree to open a 2nd front against the Nazis in Western EuropeAgree to move Polish border westward after WarAgree to Iranian Independence Agree to Tito’s leadership in Yugoslavia

The Strategic Bombing of EuropeOngoing bombing of Germany

Teheran Conference

Operation Overlord

D-Day Nazi concentration of forces on mainland Europe “Atlantic Wall”June 6, 1944 5,300 ships370,000 English, American, Free French troopsWithin 2 weeks: 1 million troops landed in FranceAugust 25, 1944: Liberation of Paris

Slowing MomentumGasoline ShortageDelay until resupply

Leapfrogging in Tokyo

MacArthur in New GuineaBattle of Bismarck Sea

8 Japanese troop ships and 10 warships sunkForced Japan not to resupply islands under attack

Island HoppingSaipan: enabled B-29 bombers to reach Japan’s home islands without refuelingPhilippines landing 10/20/1944Battle of Leyte Gulf

Battles in the Central PacificKamikaze attacks

Battle of the Bulge

Battle of the Bulge

December 16, 1944- January 25, 1945German name: Operation Watch on the RhineAllied Casualties

American: 89,500 (19,000 killed, 47,500 wounded, 23,000 captured or missing); ~800 tanksBritish: 1,408 (200 killed, 969 wounded, and 239 missing

German Casualties~100,000 men; 440+ tanks 440+ other tracked AFV; 2,400 aircraft

A New Age Is Born

Roosevelt's Fourth TermNovember 1944 Roosevelt wins 4th termNew VP is Harry Truman Roosevelt’s health declining

Converging Military FrontsBattle of the Bulge: December 16, 1944German resistance crumbles

A New Age Is Born

Yalta and the Postwar World:February 4-11, 1945Unconditional surrenderSoviets join Pacific war after Nazi defeatDemilitarization; DenazificationReparations: German forced laborDismemberment of Germany

Yalta’s LegacyCriticism of Yalta agreementDefacto Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe

Yalta Conference Photo

A New Age Is Born

FDRDied on April 12, 1945Truman was not a part of FDR administration post war strategy meetings, did not know about Atomic weaponThe Collapse of Nazi Germany

Western Allies met Soviet Allies on April 25, 1945Mussolini killed April 28Hitler suicide April 30, 1945May 2, 1945: Fall of BerlinMay 7, 1945 German army surrendered

A New Age Is Born

A Grinding War against JapanBattle of Iwo Jima

U.S. casualties27,000 casualties7,000 killedU.S. population war weary

The Atomic BombSuccessful test July 16, 1945Potsdam ConferenceAugust 6, 1945 Hiroshima: 80,00+ civilians killedDemand for unconditional surrender of JapanAugust 8, 1945: Soviets declare war on JapanAugust 9, 1945: Nagasaki: 36,000 killedSeptember 2, 945: Japan surrendered