ENDOCRINE SYSTEMFunctions1. Coordinates,together with the nervoussystem,theactivities of the body2. Involvedinthesynthesisand secretion of hormones3. Hormonal functions include:-controlofenergyroduction and utili!ation-control of the comosition of e"tracellularwaterand electrolytes-maintainsnormalgrowth and develomentFigure 2#.1 $a%or endocrine glands in human&'()C*I'& +,-'(. ductlessglandsthatsynthesi!eand secrete hormones ahormoneisanorganicsubstance needed by the body in minute /uantities toelicitasecifichysiological resonse hormonesareroducedbyoneartof the body that have an effect on secific target cells located in different arts of the bodyHyothalamusa small gland about 1.0 cm in diameter located at the base of the brainintimately associated with the ituitary glandsecretes releasing hormones that travel via a ortal system and stimulate the anterior ituitary1ituitary +landa small gland located at the base of the brain in the deression of the s2ullconnected to the brain throughashortstal2 called infundibulum(ivisions of 1ituitary +land1. anterior lobe or adenohyohysis-secretes 3 hormones:-F.H, follicle5stimulating hormone-,H,luteini!inghormone6infemale7 or IC.H, interstitial cell5stimulating hormone 6in male7-luteotrohic hormone or rolactin--C8H,adrenocorticotrohicor rolactin-8.H, thyroid5stimulating hormone-.8H,somatotrohichormoneor +H, growth hormone(ivisions of 1ituitary +land2.1osterior lobe or neurohyohysis-secretes 3 hormones:-vasoressin,forconstrictionofthe vessels--(H, antidiuretic hormone-o"ytocin, controls smooth muscles8hyroid +land comosed oftwo lobes, on each side of the trachea connected by an isthmus secretethyro"inthatregulategrowth and develoment enlargementofthisglandresultsina condition 2nown as goiter1arathyroid +landsmall glandular bodies located on the dorsal surface of the thyroidssecrete arathormones 618H7 that maintains the ration of calcium and hoshorus in the body8hymus +landlocated between the uer art of the sternum and the ericardiuma temorary organ which reaches greatest develoment at age 1# to 13secretes thymosin that controls metabolic rate and involved in the formation of 9:C-drenal Corte"secretes cortisol and aldosterone that causes gluconeogenesis and sodium retention and otassium e"cretion in the 2idneys resectively-drenal $edullatwo small masses located above the 2idneyssecrete einehrine and noreinehrineromotes ;flight or fight< reactions during emergency1ancreasboth an e"ocrine and endocrine glandthe endocrine art consists of the islets of ,angerhans that secrete the hormone insulininsulin lowers the blood sugar, little secretion resulted into diabetes mellitus+onadsthe interstitial cells 6,eydig cells7 of the testes secrete testosteronethe follicles of the ovary secretes estrogen, the corus luteum secretes rogesterone8able 2#.1 $a%or endocrine glandsand their hormones8able 2#.1 $a%or endocrine glandsand their hormones6Cont.78able 2#.1 $a%or endocrine glandsand their hormones6Cont.7