World War II:World War II:The Early YearsThe Early Years

1941-19431941-1943

America at War:America at War:The Early YearsThe Early YearsAmerica at War:America at War:The Early YearsThe Early Years

Tensions rise FurtherTensions rise Further

Negotiations Negotiations beginning to break beginning to break downdown

September, 1941 September, 1941 General Hideki Tojo General Hideki Tojo becomes Prime becomes Prime Minister of JapanMinister of Japan– Confident in Japan, Confident in Japan,

begins planning begins planning attack on Americaattack on America

THE DAY OF INFAMYTHE DAY OF INFAMY

December 7, 1941December 7, 1941

Pearl HarborPearl HarborPearl HarborPearl Harbor

Major CombatantsMajor CombatantsMajor CombatantsMajor CombatantsJapanJapan- Fleet of 6 Aircraft Carriers under the Fleet of 6 Aircraft Carriers under the

command of Admiral Nagumo and command of Admiral Nagumo and Admiral YamamotoAdmiral Yamamoto

- Aerial Assault Force under the Aerial Assault Force under the command of Mitsuo Fuchidacommand of Mitsuo Fuchida

United StatesUnited States- Pearl Harbor Naval/Army Base under - Pearl Harbor Naval/Army Base under

the command of Admiral Husband E. the command of Admiral Husband E. Kimmel and Lt. General Walter C. Kimmel and Lt. General Walter C. ShortShort

81 Fighter Planes81 Fighter Planes 135 Dive Bombers135 Dive Bombers 104 Horizontal Bombers104 Horizontal Bombers 40 Torpedo Planes40 Torpedo Planes At least 5 Midget SubmarinesAt least 5 Midget Submarines

Japan: Warfare Used Japan: Warfare Used During AttackDuring Attack

Japan: Warfare Used Japan: Warfare Used During AttackDuring Attack

Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)1941)

Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)1941)

Japanese attack on the U.S. was an Japanese attack on the U.S. was an attempt to control the pacific.attempt to control the pacific.

The attack was a complete surpriseThe attack was a complete surpriseThe Japanese used planes from Aircraft The Japanese used planes from Aircraft

carriers to destroy U.S. fleet.carriers to destroy U.S. fleet.U.S. responded by declaring warU.S. responded by declaring war

USS Arizona, Pearl HarborUSS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor Memorial

2,887 Americans Dead!

Pacific Theater of OperationsPacific Theater of Operations

Singapore Surrenders[February, 1942]

Singapore Surrenders[February, 1942]

U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,the Philippines [March, 1942]

U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,the Philippines [March, 1942]

Bataan Death March: April, 1942Bataan Death March: April, 1942

76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in

the Philippines.

Bataan: British SoldiersBataan: British Soldiers

A A Liberated Liberated

British British POWPOW

Bataan Death MarchBataan Death MarchBataan Death MarchBataan Death March Japanese invade the Philippines Japanese invade the Philippines

Islands after Pearl Harbor.Islands after Pearl Harbor.The Japanese units force the The Japanese units force the

U.S.-Philippine forces to the U.S.-Philippine forces to the Bataan peninsula.Bataan peninsula.

U.S.-Philippine forces surrender U.S.-Philippine forces surrender in April, 1942.in April, 1942.

65-mile forced march to POW 65-mile forced march to POW camp.camp.

1 person died every 12 steps of 1 person died every 12 steps of march.march.

Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle:First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle:

First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942

Early Days of the WarEarly Days of the WarEarly Days of the WarEarly Days of the War Fall of the Philippines (April, Fall of the Philippines (April,

1942)1942) Doolittle RaidDoolittle Raid

– Propaganda victoryPropaganda victory– Little military importanceLittle military importance

The Battle of Coral Sea The Battle of Coral Sea (May, 1942)(May, 1942)– Prevented invasion of New Prevented invasion of New

GuineaGuinea– The U.S. lost an aircraft The U.S. lost an aircraft

carriercarrier

Battle of the Coral Sea:May 7-8, 1942

Battle of the Coral Sea:May 7-8, 1942

31

Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942

Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942

Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942

Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942

The Turning PointThe Turning PointThe Turning PointThe Turning Point

U.S. breaks Japanese U.S. breaks Japanese codescodes

U.S. carriers sent to U.S. carriers sent to prevent invasionprevent invasion

Japan begin attack on Japan begin attack on MidwayMidway

5 minutes that changed 5 minutes that changed the warthe war– Japan loses 4 carriersJapan loses 4 carriers– Stopped Japanese advance Stopped Japanese advance

in the Pacificin the Pacific

Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter Roosevelt and Roosevelt and

Churchill sign Churchill sign treaty of treaty of friendship in friendship in August 1941.August 1941.

Solidifies alliance.Solidifies alliance. Fashioned after Fashioned after

Wilson’s 14 Wilson’s 14 Points.Points.

Calls for League of Calls for League of Nations type Nations type organizationorganization

The Big ThreeThe Big Three

Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin

Axis Powers in 1942Axis Powers in 1942

AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR ALLIED AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR ALLIED MERCHANT SHIPSMERCHANT SHIPS

Battle of the AtlanticBattle of the Atlantic

Control of the Atlantic Control of the Atlantic was vital for supplies.was vital for supplies.

German U-boats and the German U-boats and the “wolf pack”“wolf pack”

Reasons for Allied Reasons for Allied victoryvictory– Convoy systemConvoy system– SonarSonar– British break the German British break the German

code (Enigma)code (Enigma)

Convoys increased the merchant ships chances of surviving the ocean voyage

North Africa CampaignNorth Africa Campaign

North Africa CampaignNorth Africa Campaign

Operation Torch (Allied invasion of Operation Torch (Allied invasion of North Africa)North Africa)

Battle of Kasserine PassBattle of Kasserine Pass– Major defeat Major defeat – Replacement of U.S. commander Replacement of U.S. commander

(Patton)(Patton) Opened a 2Opened a 2ndnd front against Germany front against Germany

The North Africa Campaign:

The Battle of El Alamein, 1942

The North Africa Campaign:

The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst

Rommel,The “Desert Fox”

Gen. Bernard Law

Montgomery(“Monty”)

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941

3,000,000 German soldiers.

3,400 tanks.

Operation Barbarossa:Hitler’s Biggest MistakeOperation Barbarossa:

Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943

Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943

German Army Russian Army1,011,500 men 1,000,500 men

10,290 artillery guns

13,541 artillery guns

675 tanks 894 tanks

1,216 planes 1,115 planes

StalingradStalingrad

Turning point on the Turning point on the

Eastern Front.Eastern Front.

Stopped the German Stopped the German

advance against the advance against the

Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

Prevented Germany Prevented Germany

from acquiring Soviet from acquiring Soviet

oil fields and industries.oil fields and industries.