The Early Years of War
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Accompanying Notes for Chapter 11 Section 1 The Early Years of War
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The Early Years of War. Accompanying Notes for Chapter 11 Section 1. Objective. Evaluate the preparation and strategies of both North and South at the beginning of the Civil War. Sectional Comparison. The Union. The Confederacy. Population: 23 States 22 million people - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Early Years of War
Accompanying Notes for Chapter 11 Section 1
The Early Years of War
Evaluate the preparation and strategies of both North and South at the beginning of the Civil War
Objective
The UnionPopulation:
23 States22 million people
Military Man Power:Outnumbered
Confederacy2.5: 1
Population:11 States9 million people
(including 3.5 million slaves)
Military AdvantagesBest CommandersBetter TrainedAccustomed to
Outdoor life
Sectional ComparisonThe Confederacy
The UnionResource Production
97% of firearm production
96% of all Railroad equipment
Vast majority of manufactured products
TransportationMore Draft Animals,
steamboats, wagons and trains
Strategic, Psychological and Tactical Advantages:“Home Court
Advantage”Defending their way
of life
Sectional Comparison (Cont.)The Confederacy
North:General Winfield Scott’s ANACONDA PLAN
Starve out the South by cutting off the riversNot popular, because Lincoln wanted to attack!
Surround, Squeeze, Attack!South:
Defensive PlanForce the North to occupy the Southern Territory
Did not always follow this planWar of AttritionHope for European Help
Military Strategy
Total War On War, by von
ClausewitzUse all
manpower, resources, capital, and mindset to crush your enemies desire to exist
Strategy (Cont)
AKA… The First Battle of Manassass Union hoped for a quick victory to end the
warPoorly Trained Troops led by Irving McDowellTraveled SlowlyConfederates Prepared and Waited
The EngagementPicnickers watched the BattleUnion appeared to be Winning“Stonewall” JacksonUnion fled back to Washington
The First Battle of Bull Run (July, 1961)
Lincoln asked Congress for emergency measuresNew Presidential Powers
Increase the size of the armyCall for volunteers
DraftBorrow money
First Income TaxGreenbacks
Contract for supplies and equipmentAppoint officers
Martial Law and Suspension the writ of habeas corpusRule by Military AuthoritiesHold people in jail without filing charges
Fallout in the North
Draft RiotsNYC: 100+ people died
CopperheadsNorthern DemocratsAfraid of a flood of blacks to the NorthPromoted desertion and draft riots
Opposition to the War
Lincoln’s Northern GeneralsIrving McDowell 1st Battle of Bull Run FiredGeorge McClellan VA Peninsula
CampaignFired
John Pope 2nd Battle of Bull Run FiredGeorge McClellan Battle of Antietam FiredAmbrose Burnside Battle of
FredricksburgResigned
Joseph Hooker Battle of Chancellorsville
Fired
George C. Meade Battle of GettysburgUlysses S. Grant Western Theatre
Replaces Halleck as Commander of All Union Armies
Completes the War
Southern Field Commanders: Joe Johnston, Robert E. Lee
Preserve and Protect the UnionJanuary, 1863
“I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion…do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are and henceforward shall be free…”
The Emancipation Proclamation
Whites…Not far enough…
No freedom in the Border States
No freedom in Union controlled land
Fear…Blacks moving North and
stealing jobsBlack Response...
Looked forward to freedom at the end of the war
Europe…Secured GB and France
staying out of the war
Reaction to emancipation
