Civil WarCivil War

The NorthThe North The SouthThe SouthVs.

Lesson 1Lesson 1The Early Stages of WarThe Early Stages of War

• Main Idea – In the early years of the Main Idea – In the early years of the Civil War, the North and South formed , the North and South formed strategies in hopes of gaining a quick strategies in hopes of gaining a quick victory.victory.

Confederate States of Confederate States of AmericaAmerica

• Between April and May of 1861, 4 more Between April and May of 1861, 4 more southern states seceded from the Union southern states seceded from the Union and joined the Confederate States of and joined the Confederate States of America. America.

• Confederate States of America included:Confederate States of America included:

South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina.Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina.

Advantages and Advantages and DisadvantagesDisadvantages

NorthNorth SouthSouth

UrbanUrban RuralRural

2,000,000 soldiers2,000,000 soldiers 750,000 soldiers750,000 soldiers

20,000,000 population20,000,000 population 9,000,000 population9,000,000 population

100,000 factories100,000 factories 10,000 factories10,000 factories

1,500,000 farms1,500,000 farms 500,000 farms500,000 farms

23 states23 states 11 states11 states

The North had better access to supplies and transportation. The South felt its soldiers were better prepared to fight.

Union Strategies

• President Lincoln asked General Winfield President Lincoln asked General Winfield Scott for help with strategies to win the war.Scott for help with strategies to win the war.

• Scott planned a strategy with three parts. His Scott planned a strategy with three parts. His strategy was called the Anaconda Plan, strategy was called the Anaconda Plan, because he said that it would squeeze the because he said that it would squeeze the Confederacy like an anaconda.Confederacy like an anaconda. 11stst – A blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to – A blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to

keep people and supplies from moving; especially keep people and supplies from moving; especially important to keep cotton from being sold to important to keep cotton from being sold to Britain.Britain.

22ndnd – Capture territory along the Mississippi River – Capture territory along the Mississippi River to cut the Southern States in half. to cut the Southern States in half.

33rdrd – Attack the Confederacy from the east and – Attack the Confederacy from the east and west.west.

Confederate Strategies

• The Confederate government had its The Confederate government had its own strategy for victory. own strategy for victory. 11stst – They believed that they only had to – They believed that they only had to

defend their territory until the Northerners defend their territory until the Northerners got tired and gave up.got tired and gave up.

22ndnd – They believed that Britain would help in – They believed that Britain would help in the war because they thought that British the war because they thought that British clothing mills depended on Southern cotton.clothing mills depended on Southern cotton.

They were defending their homes and their They were defending their homes and their way of life. They also had the advantage of way of life. They also had the advantage of trained military leaders.trained military leaders.

Battle of Bull Run

• In 1861, Union troops met Confederate In 1861, Union troops met Confederate troops at a small stream called Bull Run troops at a small stream called Bull Run near the town of Manassas Junction, VA.near the town of Manassas Junction, VA.

• Bull Run was the first battle after Fort Bull Run was the first battle after Fort

Sumter. A Confederate General, Sumter. A Confederate General, Stonewall Jackson, earned his nickname Stonewall Jackson, earned his nickname because his line held strong and sent because his line held strong and sent the North running.the North running.

Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonThomas “Stonewall” JacksonGeneral “Stonewall “ Jackson served in the Confederate Army. His ideas about fighting the Union led to many Confederate victories. At the battle of Chancellorsville in 1863, Jackson was shot by his own men who mistook him for a Union cavalryman. He died seven days later.

Battle of Antietiem

• September 17, 1862September 17, 1862• South was led by Gen. Robert E. LeeSouth was led by Gen. Robert E. Lee• North was led by Gen. McClellanNorth was led by Gen. McClellan• Most causalities of any battleMost causalities of any battle• Union claimed victory Union claimed victory • Great Britain ended its support of the Great Britain ended its support of the

south.south.

Technology and WarTechnology and War• New technologies were used and developed New technologies were used and developed

during the Civil War. during the Civil War. • Rifles could shoot farther and more Rifles could shoot farther and more

accurately. accurately. • Repeating rifles made their debut.Repeating rifles made their debut.• Railroads quickly moved troops and supplies.Railroads quickly moved troops and supplies.• Submarines were used by the Confederates Submarines were used by the Confederates

to overcome the Union’s blockade.to overcome the Union’s blockade.• Early versions of the hand grenade were Early versions of the hand grenade were

used.used.• The Ironclad, or iron covered ships were used. The Ironclad, or iron covered ships were used.

Cannonballs just bounced off the iron sides. Cannonballs just bounced off the iron sides.

More TechnologiesMore Technologies

• Military telegrams Military telegrams were used.were used.

• Aerial Aerial reconnaissance was reconnaissance was used with hot air used with hot air balloons. balloons.

• Photography was Photography was used for the first used for the first time to record the time to record the carnage of war. carnage of war.

Advancements in MedicineAdvancements in Medicine• Medical knowledge Medical knowledge

had not advanced as had not advanced as much as other much as other technologies. technologies.

• Hygiene in the field Hygiene in the field hospitals was hospitals was basically non-basically non-existent. For every existent. For every soldier killed in soldier killed in battle, four died of battle, four died of sickness and disease.sickness and disease.

• Amputation was Amputation was widely used.widely used.

• There was a shortage There was a shortage of both doctors and of both doctors and nurses.nurses.

Lesson 2Lesson 2Life During the WarLife During the War

• Main Idea – As the Civil War continued, Main Idea – As the Civil War continued, people in the North and the South suffered people in the North and the South suffered many hardships, including the growing loss many hardships, including the growing loss of life.of life.

Economic ProblemsEconomic ProblemsMoney Earned Cost of Housing

Soldiers: $1-$20 per month Small farmhouse= $2500.00

Farmers (South): $8.20 per month Large country house= $14,000.00

Blacksmith: $18.00 per month Rental house in city= $500.00 per year

Teachers: $150 per month Stable=$15.00 per year

Goods 1861 1865

Flour (barrel) $6.00 $1,000.00

Salt (box) $.03 $100.00

Coffee (pound) $.35 $60.00

Butter (pound) $.20 $20.00

Bacon (pound) $.12 $13.00

Economic ProblemsEconomic Problems• Scarcity of goods made life difficult for citizens Scarcity of goods made life difficult for citizens

during the Civil Warduring the Civil War• Trade was cut off between the North and the Trade was cut off between the North and the

South. Northern ships also blocked most South. Northern ships also blocked most European ships from trading with the South.European ships from trading with the South.

• Not only did citizens not have enough goods, Not only did citizens not have enough goods, but neither did the soldiers on both sides of the but neither did the soldiers on both sides of the war.war.

• The demand for limited supplies caused people The demand for limited supplies caused people to pay a higher price.to pay a higher price.

• Consumers ended up paying more for goods Consumers ended up paying more for goods because of the war. Mostly they went without.because of the war. Mostly they went without.

Life for SoldiersLife for Soldiers• Families learned about the war from soldier’s Families learned about the war from soldier’s

letters and newspaper articles. They could letters and newspaper articles. They could also see the horrors of war battles due to a also see the horrors of war battles due to a new technology - photography.new technology - photography.

• Boys as young as 12 could join the war as Boys as young as 12 could join the war as Drummer Boys. Drummer Boys.

• A soldier’s life was hard even when he was A soldier’s life was hard even when he was not in battle. not in battle.

• Soldiers might march 25 miles a day carrying Soldiers might march 25 miles a day carrying 50 pounds of supplies in backpacks. Soldiers 50 pounds of supplies in backpacks. Soldiers wore out their shoes and often fought in bare wore out their shoes and often fought in bare feet. feet.

• Soldiers on both sides were unhappy with the Soldiers on both sides were unhappy with the food. They were given beans, bacon, pickled food. They were given beans, bacon, pickled beef, salt pork, and a tough flour biscuit beef, salt pork, and a tough flour biscuit called “hardtack”. called “hardtack”.

Life for SoldiersLife for Soldiers

• Those soldiers who survived being Those soldiers who survived being wounded risked losing their lives to wounded risked losing their lives to sickness and disease spread throughout sickness and disease spread throughout the camp.the camp.

• Soldiers who were captured were prisoners Soldiers who were captured were prisoners of war. Prisoners were mistreated by of war. Prisoners were mistreated by guards and often starved to death.guards and often starved to death.

• About 56,000 soldiers from both sides died About 56,000 soldiers from both sides died while held as prisoners of war.while held as prisoners of war.

A Day in the Life of a SoldierA Day in the Life of a Soldier

DraftDraft

• As the war continued, volunteers decreased. As the war continued, volunteers decreased.

• Both sides passed draft laws. Both sides passed draft laws. • A “Draft” requires men of a certain age to A “Draft” requires men of a certain age to

serve in the military if they are called. serve in the military if they are called. • Confederates who owned 20 or more slaves Confederates who owned 20 or more slaves

could pay substitutes to fight for them. could pay substitutes to fight for them. • Losses on each side were terrible. One Losses on each side were terrible. One

million Union and Confederate soldiers were million Union and Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded. killed or wounded.

The Emancipation The Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

• In January, President Lincoln signed the In January, President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation.Proclamation. It was an order declaring all slaves free. It was an order declaring all slaves free.

• The Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in The Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in the border states or in Confederate land that Union the border states or in Confederate land that Union forces already controlled. It did declare an end to forces already controlled. It did declare an end to slavery in the rest of the Confederacy, but without Union slavery in the rest of the Confederacy, but without Union control, most African Americans remained enslaved.control, most African Americans remained enslaved.

• This changed the focus of the war. The war started to This changed the focus of the war. The war started to preserve the Union, but by 1863 the war was focused on preserve the Union, but by 1863 the war was focused on enforcing the freedom of the slaves.enforcing the freedom of the slaves.

African Americans in the WarAfrican Americans in the War

• In the beginning of the war, African In the beginning of the war, African Americans were not allowed to join the Americans were not allowed to join the army. But they did serve as cooks, army. But they did serve as cooks, servants, and other workers.servants, and other workers.

• They were first allowed to join the They were first allowed to join the Union army in 1862.Union army in 1862. They were not treated the same as They were not treated the same as

whites. whites. They received less pay.They received less pay. They had to buy their own uniforms, while They had to buy their own uniforms, while

white soldiers did not.white soldiers did not.

107107thth U.S. Colored Infantry U.S. Colored Infantry

Women in the WarWomen in the War• Women contributed to the war in many ways. Women contributed to the war in many ways. • They ran farms and businesses while the men They ran farms and businesses while the men

were fighting in the war.were fighting in the war.• Some disguised themselves as men so they Some disguised themselves as men so they

could fight in the war.could fight in the war.• Some women became spies. They often hid Some women became spies. They often hid

weapons and documents in their large hoop weapons and documents in their large hoop skirts.skirts.

• Women sewed clothing, rolled bandages, and Women sewed clothing, rolled bandages, and sent any spare food to the armies.sent any spare food to the armies.

• Women worked in hospitals as nurses. Clara Women worked in hospitals as nurses. Clara Barton was nicknamed “Angel of the Barton was nicknamed “Angel of the Battlefield” as she cared for wounded soldiers Battlefield” as she cared for wounded soldiers during the first battle of Bull Run.during the first battle of Bull Run.

Role of Women in the WarRole of Women in the War

The War Goes OnThe War Goes On

• By 1863, both sides were tired of the war.By 1863, both sides were tired of the war.• They were tired of:They were tired of:

The lack of supplies, The lack of supplies, delays in pay, delays in pay, sleeping uncovered in the rain, and sleeping uncovered in the rain, and the terrible deaths of friends and family.the terrible deaths of friends and family.

• By 1863, some soldiers were refusing to By 1863, some soldiers were refusing to go to war. Thousands of men deserted, go to war. Thousands of men deserted, or left their military duty without or left their military duty without permission.permission.

Lesson 3Lesson 3How the North WonHow the North Won

• Main Idea – A series of Northern Main Idea – A series of Northern victories led led to the end of the to the end of the Civil War by 1865.by 1865.

The Battle of GettysburgThe Battle of Gettysburg

• One of the most important battles of One of the most important battles of the Civil War was the three day battle the Civil War was the three day battle in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. On the first day, the Confederates, led by On the first day, the Confederates, led by

Gen. Robert E. Lee pushed the Union Gen. Robert E. Lee pushed the Union troops, led by Gen. George Meade, back troops, led by Gen. George Meade, back but they did not follow up quickly on their but they did not follow up quickly on their attack.attack.

By the second day, more Union soldiers By the second day, more Union soldiers had arrived. The Confederates attacked had arrived. The Confederates attacked again, but the Union held their ground.again, but the Union held their ground.

Battle of Gettysburg

On the third day, the Confederates led an attack On the third day, the Confederates led an attack known as “Pickett’s Charge.” Thousands of known as “Pickett’s Charge.” Thousands of Confederate soldiers marched up a hill in the Confederate soldiers marched up a hill in the open. More than 5,000 Confederate soldiers were open. More than 5,000 Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded, and hundreds were captured.killed or wounded, and hundreds were captured.

The Battle of Gettysburg was an important victory The Battle of Gettysburg was an important victory for the North.for the North.

It was a costly battle for both sides. The Union had It was a costly battle for both sides. The Union had more than 23,000 deaths. The Confederates more than 23,000 deaths. The Confederates suffered more than 28,000 deaths.suffered more than 28,000 deaths.

The Confederate Army never recovered from the The Confederate Army never recovered from the loss.loss.

Leading GeneralsLeading Generals• Robert E. Lee served in the Robert E. Lee served in the

Union Army before the Civil Union Army before the Civil War began. He resigned to War began. He resigned to become the leading general become the leading general of the Confederate Army of of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in 1860. Northern Virginia in 1860. By 1865, he had become By 1865, he had become the commander in chief of the commander in chief of the entire Confederate the entire Confederate Army. Army.

• Ulysses S. Grant was Ulysses S. Grant was appointed general in chief appointed general in chief of the Union Army by of the Union Army by President Lincoln in 1864. President Lincoln in 1864. He planned to end the He planned to end the South by destroying South by destroying everything needed to everything needed to survive. He accepted Lee’s survive. He accepted Lee’s surrender in 1865.surrender in 1865.

The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address

• Lincoln gave the Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address dedicating the dedicating the battlefield as a battlefield as a national cemetery national cemetery in November in November 1863.1863.

The Atlanta Campaign• From July to September, General Sherman battled for From July to September, General Sherman battled for

control of Atlanta. control of Atlanta. • Sherman used a method of warfare called total war. Sherman used a method of warfare called total war.

The aim of total war is to destroy not just the opposing The aim of total war is to destroy not just the opposing army, but the people’s will to fight.army, but the people’s will to fight.

• From November 15 to December 21, General Sherman From November 15 to December 21, General Sherman “marched to the sea.” He destroyed everything in his “marched to the sea.” He destroyed everything in his path and cut off the Confederacy from their supplies. path and cut off the Confederacy from their supplies. He left a path of destruction 300 miles long and 60 He left a path of destruction 300 miles long and 60 miles wide.miles wide.

• On December 22, Savannah fell to Union forces. On December 22, Savannah fell to Union forces. Sherman turned north toward South Carolina.Sherman turned north toward South Carolina.

• This critical battle led to the decline of the This critical battle led to the decline of the Confederacy and to the reelection of Abraham Lincoln.Confederacy and to the reelection of Abraham Lincoln.

General Sherman’s March to the Sea Atlanta 1864

Photos used from LOC

Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia• In April 1865, Grant’s Union army met Lee’s In April 1865, Grant’s Union army met Lee’s

Confederate army in Virginia. With his army Confederate army in Virginia. With his army starving, Lee was trapped.starving, Lee was trapped.

• Lee surrendered to General Grant at the Lee surrendered to General Grant at the McLean house in Appomattox Courthouse on McLean house in Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865.April 9, 1865.

• Grant’s terms of surrender were very lenient Grant’s terms of surrender were very lenient to the South. to the South.

• On April 14, 1865, just 5 days after Lee On April 14, 1865, just 5 days after Lee surrendered, President Lincoln was surrendered, President Lincoln was assassinated. assassinated.

• In May, the remaining Confederates In May, the remaining Confederates surrendered and the nation was re-united. surrendered and the nation was re-united.

The McLean HouseThe McLean House

The War EndsThe War Ends

• President Lincoln expressed sympathy for President Lincoln expressed sympathy for the South.the South.

• President Lincoln wanted the country to President Lincoln wanted the country to be rebuilt. He had a plan to heal the be rebuilt. He had a plan to heal the nation’s deep divisions, but he would nation’s deep divisions, but he would never see his plans carried out.never see his plans carried out.

• He was assassinated by a Southern He was assassinated by a Southern sympathizer named John Wilkes Booth sympathizer named John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at the Ford’s while attending a play at the Ford’s Theater. Theater.

John Wilkes Booth

He used his profession as a stage actor, as a means of getting close to and succeeding in shooting President Abraham Lincoln while he attended a play at the Ford’s Theater.

Effects of WarEffects of War• The Civil War was the most destructive war in U.S. The Civil War was the most destructive war in U.S.

history. 620,000 Americans had died in the war.history. 620,000 Americans had died in the war.• Towns, farms, and industries, as well as roads, Towns, farms, and industries, as well as roads,

bridges, and railroads in the South were in ruins.bridges, and railroads in the South were in ruins.• The North’s environment was mostly unharmed.The North’s environment was mostly unharmed.• Wealthy Southerners were broke. They had no Wealthy Southerners were broke. They had no

money to plant crops as they had in the past. money to plant crops as they had in the past. • The enslaved were free, but had no where to go. The enslaved were free, but had no where to go. • The South would never be the same.The South would never be the same.• Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy,

was captured by Union troops and imprisoned for was captured by Union troops and imprisoned for 2 years. He was charged with treason- but never 2 years. He was charged with treason- but never tried.tried.

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis

CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS

Civil War AmendmentsCivil War Amendments

• 1313thth amendment- amendment- • Former slaves are now freeFormer slaves are now free• No slavery allowed in the U.S. No slavery allowed in the U.S.

and territoriesand territories

Civil War AmendmentsCivil War Amendments

• 1414thth Amendment Amendment• All former slaves are citizensAll former slaves are citizens• All born or naturalized All born or naturalized

citizens are entitled to due citizens are entitled to due process of lawprocess of law

Civil War AmendmentsCivil War Amendments

• 1515thth Amendment Amendment• All males 21 years or older All males 21 years or older

are eligible to vote regardless are eligible to vote regardless of former conditions of of former conditions of servitude, race, or creed.servitude, race, or creed.

Civil War AmendmentsCivil War Amendments

• 1515thth Amendment Amendment• All males 21 years or older All males 21 years or older

are eligible to vote regardless are eligible to vote regardless of former conditions of of former conditions of servitude, race, or creed.servitude, race, or creed.